/* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ /* * http_request.c: functions to get and process requests * * Rob McCool 3/21/93 * * Thoroughly revamped by rst for Apache. NB this file reads * best from the bottom up. * */ #include "apr_strings.h" #include "apr_file_io.h" #include "apr_fnmatch.h" #define APR_WANT_STRFUNC #include "apr_want.h" #include "ap_config.h" #include "httpd.h" #include "http_config.h" #include "http_request.h" #include "http_core.h" #include "http_protocol.h" #include "http_log.h" #include "http_main.h" #include "mpm_common.h" #include "util_filter.h" #include "util_charset.h" #include "scoreboard.h" #include "mod_core.h" #if APR_HAVE_STDARG_H #include #endif APLOG_USE_MODULE(http); /***************************************************************** * * Mainline request processing... */ /* XXX A cleaner and faster way to do this might be to pass the request_rec * down the filter chain as a parameter. It would need to change for * subrequest vs. main request filters; perhaps the subrequest filter could * make the switch. */ static void update_r_in_filters(ap_filter_t *f, request_rec *from, request_rec *to) { while (f) { if (f->r == from) { f->r = to; } f = f->next; } } static void ap_die_r(int type, request_rec *r, int recursive_error) { char *custom_response; request_rec *r_1st_err = r; if (type == OK || type == DONE) { ap_finalize_request_protocol(r); return; } if (!ap_is_HTTP_VALID_RESPONSE(type)) { ap_filter_t *next; /* * Check if we still have the ap_http_header_filter in place. If * this is the case we should not ignore the error here because * it means that we have not sent any response at all and never * will. This is bad. Sent an internal server error instead. */ next = r->output_filters; while (next && (next->frec != ap_http_header_filter_handle)) { next = next->next; } /* * If next != NULL then we left the while above because of * next->frec == ap_http_header_filter */ if (next) { if (type != AP_FILTER_ERROR) { ap_log_rerror(APLOG_MARK, APLOG_ERR, 0, r, APLOGNO(01579) "Invalid response status %i", type); } else { ap_log_rerror(APLOG_MARK, APLOG_DEBUG, 0, r, APLOGNO(02831) "Response from AP_FILTER_ERROR"); } type = HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR; } else { return; } } /* * The following takes care of Apache redirects to custom response URLs * Note that if we are already dealing with the response to some other * error condition, we just report on the original error, and give up on * any attempt to handle the other thing "intelligently"... */ if (recursive_error != HTTP_OK) { while (r_1st_err->prev && (r_1st_err->prev->status != HTTP_OK)) r_1st_err = r_1st_err->prev; /* Get back to original error */ if (r_1st_err != r) { /* The recursive error was caused by an ErrorDocument specifying * an internal redirect to a bad URI. ap_internal_redirect has * changed the filter chains to point to the ErrorDocument's * request_rec. Back out those changes so we can safely use the * original failing request_rec to send the canned error message. * * ap_send_error_response gets rid of existing resource filters * on the output side, so we can skip those. */ update_r_in_filters(r_1st_err->proto_output_filters, r, r_1st_err); update_r_in_filters(r_1st_err->input_filters, r, r_1st_err); } custom_response = NULL; /* Do NOT retry the custom thing! */ } else { int error_index = ap_index_of_response(type); custom_response = ap_response_code_string(r, error_index); recursive_error = 0; } r->status = type; /* * This test is done here so that none of the auth modules needs to know * about proxy authentication. They treat it like normal auth, and then * we tweak the status. */ if (HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED == r->status && PROXYREQ_PROXY == r->proxyreq) { r->status = HTTP_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED; } /* If we don't want to keep the connection, make sure we mark that the * connection is not eligible for keepalive. If we want to keep the * connection, be sure that the request body (if any) has been read. */ if (ap_status_drops_connection(r->status)) { r->connection->keepalive = AP_CONN_CLOSE; } /* * Two types of custom redirects --- plain text, and URLs. Plain text has * a leading '"', so the URL code, here, is triggered on its absence */ if (custom_response && custom_response[0] != '"') { if (ap_is_url(custom_response)) { /* * The URL isn't local, so lets drop through the rest of this * apache code, and continue with the usual REDIRECT handler. * But note that the client will ultimately see the wrong * status... */ r->status = HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY; apr_table_setn(r->headers_out, "Location", custom_response); } else if (custom_response[0] == '/') { const char *error_notes, *original_method; int original_method_number; r->no_local_copy = 1; /* Do NOT send HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED for * error documents! */ /* * This redirect needs to be a GET no matter what the original * method was. */ apr_table_setn(r->subprocess_env, "REQUEST_METHOD", r->method); /* * Provide a special method for modules to communicate * more informative (than the plain canned) messages to us. * Propagate them to ErrorDocuments via the ERROR_NOTES variable: */ if ((error_notes = apr_table_get(r->notes, "error-notes")) != NULL) { apr_table_setn(r->subprocess_env, "ERROR_NOTES", error_notes); } original_method = r->method; original_method_number = r->method_number; r->method = "GET"; r->method_number = M_GET; ap_internal_redirect(custom_response, r); /* preserve ability to see %method = original_method; r->method_number = original_method_number; return; } else { /* * Dumb user has given us a bad url to redirect to --- fake up * dying with a recursive server error... */ recursive_error = HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR; ap_log_rerror(APLOG_MARK, APLOG_ERR, 0, r, APLOGNO(01580) "Invalid error redirection directive: %s", custom_response); } } ap_send_error_response(r_1st_err, recursive_error); } AP_DECLARE(void) ap_die(int type, request_rec *r) { ap_die_r(type, r, r->status); } AP_DECLARE(apr_status_t) ap_check_pipeline(conn_rec *c, apr_bucket_brigade *bb, unsigned int max_blank_lines) { apr_status_t rv = APR_EOF; ap_input_mode_t mode = AP_MODE_SPECULATIVE; unsigned int num_blank_lines = 0; apr_size_t cr = 0; char buf[2]; while (c->keepalive != AP_CONN_CLOSE && !c->aborted) { apr_size_t len = cr + 1; apr_brigade_cleanup(bb); rv = ap_get_brigade(c->input_filters, bb, mode, APR_NONBLOCK_READ, len); if (rv != APR_SUCCESS || APR_BRIGADE_EMPTY(bb)) { if (mode == AP_MODE_READBYTES) { /* Unexpected error, stop with this connection */ ap_log_cerror(APLOG_MARK, APLOG_ERR, rv, c, APLOGNO(02967) "Can't consume pipelined empty lines"); c->keepalive = AP_CONN_CLOSE; rv = APR_EGENERAL; } else if (rv != APR_SUCCESS && !APR_STATUS_IS_EAGAIN(rv)) { /* Pipe is dead */ c->keepalive = AP_CONN_CLOSE; } else { /* Pipe is up and empty */ rv = APR_EAGAIN; } break; } if (!max_blank_lines) { apr_off_t n = 0; /* Single read asked, (non-meta-)data available? */ rv = apr_brigade_length(bb, 0, &n); if (rv == APR_SUCCESS && n <= 0) { rv = APR_EAGAIN; } break; } /* Lookup and consume blank lines */ rv = apr_brigade_flatten(bb, buf, &len); if (rv != APR_SUCCESS || len != cr + 1) { int log_level; if (mode == AP_MODE_READBYTES) { /* Unexpected error, stop with this connection */ c->keepalive = AP_CONN_CLOSE; log_level = APLOG_ERR; rv = APR_EGENERAL; } else { /* Let outside (non-speculative/blocking) read determine * where this possible failure comes from (metadata, * morphed EOF socket, ...). Debug only here. */ log_level = APLOG_DEBUG; rv = APR_SUCCESS; } ap_log_cerror(APLOG_MARK, log_level, rv, c, APLOGNO(02968) "Can't check pipelined data"); break; } if (mode == AP_MODE_READBYTES) { /* [CR]LF consumed, try next */ mode = AP_MODE_SPECULATIVE; cr = 0; } else if (cr) { AP_DEBUG_ASSERT(len == 2 && buf[0] == APR_ASCII_CR); if (buf[1] == APR_ASCII_LF) { /* consume this CRLF */ mode = AP_MODE_READBYTES; num_blank_lines++; } else { /* CR(?!LF) is data */ break; } } else { if (buf[0] == APR_ASCII_LF) { /* consume this LF */ mode = AP_MODE_READBYTES; num_blank_lines++; } else if (buf[0] == APR_ASCII_CR) { cr = 1; } else { /* Not [CR]LF, some data */ break; } } if (num_blank_lines > max_blank_lines) { /* Enough blank lines with this connection, * stop and don't recycle it. */ c->keepalive = AP_CONN_CLOSE; rv = APR_NOTFOUND; break; } } return rv; } AP_DECLARE(void) ap_process_request_after_handler(request_rec *r) { apr_bucket_brigade *bb; apr_bucket *b; conn_rec *c = r->connection; bb = ap_acquire_brigade(c); /* Send an EOR bucket through the output filter chain. When * this bucket is destroyed, the request will be logged and * its pool will be freed */ b = ap_bucket_eor_create(c->bucket_alloc, r); APR_BRIGADE_INSERT_HEAD(bb, b); /* Find the last request, taking into account internal * redirects. We want to send the EOR bucket at the end of * all the buckets so it does not jump the queue. */ while (r->next) { r = r->next; } /* All the request filters should have bailed out on EOS, and in any * case they shouldn't have to handle this EOR which will destroy the * request underneath them. So go straight to the connection filters. */ ap_pass_brigade(c->output_filters, bb); /* The EOR bucket has either been handled by an output filter (eg. * deleted or moved to a buffered_bb => no more in bb), or an error * occurred before that (eg. c->aborted => still in bb) and we ought * to destroy it now. So cleanup any remaining bucket along with * the orphan request (if any). */ apr_brigade_cleanup(bb); /* From here onward, it is no longer safe to reference r * or r->pool, because r->pool may have been destroyed * already by the EOR bucket's cleanup function. */ /* Check pipeline consuming blank lines, they must not be interpreted as * the next pipelined request, otherwise we would block on the next read * without flushing data, and hence possibly delay pending response(s) * until the next/real request comes in or the keepalive timeout expires. */ (void)ap_check_pipeline(c, bb, DEFAULT_LIMIT_BLANK_LINES); ap_release_brigade(c, bb); if (c->cs) { if (c->aborted) { c->cs->state = CONN_STATE_LINGER; } else { /* If we have still data in the output filters here it means that * the last (recent) nonblocking write was EAGAIN, so tell the MPM * to not try another useless/stressful one but to go straight to * POLLOUT. */ c->cs->state = CONN_STATE_WRITE_COMPLETION; } } AP_PROCESS_REQUEST_RETURN((uintptr_t)r, r->uri, r->status); if (ap_extended_status) { ap_time_process_request(c->sbh, STOP_PREQUEST); } } void ap_process_async_request(request_rec *r) { conn_rec *c = r->connection; int access_status; /* Give quick handlers a shot at serving the request on the fast * path, bypassing all of the other Apache hooks. * * This hook was added to enable serving files out of a URI keyed * content cache ( e.g., Mike Abbott's Quick Shortcut Cache, * described here: http://oss.sgi.com/projects/apache/mod_qsc.html ) * * It may have other uses as well, such as routing requests directly to * content handlers that have the ability to grok HTTP and do their * own access checking, etc (e.g. servlet engines). * * Use this hook with extreme care and only if you know what you are * doing. */ AP_PROCESS_REQUEST_ENTRY((uintptr_t)r, r->uri); if (ap_extended_status) { ap_time_process_request(r->connection->sbh, START_PREQUEST); } if (APLOGrtrace4(r)) { int i; const apr_array_header_t *t_h = apr_table_elts(r->headers_in); const apr_table_entry_t *t_elt = (apr_table_entry_t *)t_h->elts; ap_log_rerror(APLOG_MARK, APLOG_TRACE4, 0, r, "Headers received from client:"); for (i = 0; i < t_h->nelts; i++, t_elt++) { ap_log_rerror(APLOG_MARK, APLOG_TRACE4, 0, r, " %s: %s", ap_escape_logitem(r->pool, t_elt->key), ap_escape_logitem(r->pool, t_elt->val)); } } #if APR_HAS_THREADS apr_thread_mutex_create(&r->invoke_mtx, APR_THREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT, r->pool); apr_thread_mutex_lock(r->invoke_mtx); #endif access_status = ap_run_quick_handler(r, 0); /* Not a look-up request */ if (access_status == DECLINED) { access_status = ap_process_request_internal(r); if (access_status == OK) { access_status = ap_invoke_handler(r); } } if (access_status == SUSPENDED) { /* TODO: Should move these steps into a generic function, so modules * working on a suspended request can also call _ENTRY again. */ AP_PROCESS_REQUEST_RETURN((uintptr_t)r, r->uri, access_status); if (ap_extended_status) { ap_time_process_request(c->sbh, STOP_PREQUEST); } if (c->cs) c->cs->state = CONN_STATE_SUSPENDED; #if APR_HAS_THREADS apr_thread_mutex_unlock(r->invoke_mtx); #endif return; } #if APR_HAS_THREADS apr_thread_mutex_unlock(r->invoke_mtx); #endif ap_die_r(access_status, r, HTTP_OK); ap_process_request_after_handler(r); } AP_DECLARE(void) ap_process_request(request_rec *r) { apr_bucket_brigade *bb; apr_bucket *b; conn_rec *c = r->connection; apr_status_t rv; ap_process_async_request(r); if (ap_run_input_pending(c) != OK) { bb = ap_acquire_brigade(c); b = apr_bucket_flush_create(c->bucket_alloc); APR_BRIGADE_INSERT_HEAD(bb, b); rv = ap_pass_brigade(c->output_filters, bb); if (APR_STATUS_IS_TIMEUP(rv)) { /* * Notice a timeout as an error message. This might be * valuable for detecting clients with broken network * connections or possible DoS attacks. */ ap_log_cerror(APLOG_MARK, APLOG_INFO, rv, c, APLOGNO(01581) "flushing data to the client"); } ap_release_brigade(c, bb); } if (ap_extended_status) { ap_time_process_request(c->sbh, STOP_PREQUEST); } } static apr_table_t *rename_original_env(apr_pool_t *p, apr_table_t *t) { const apr_array_header_t *env_arr = apr_table_elts(t); const apr_table_entry_t *elts = (const apr_table_entry_t *) env_arr->elts; apr_table_t *new = apr_table_make(p, env_arr->nalloc); int i; for (i = 0; i < env_arr->nelts; ++i) { if (!elts[i].key) continue; apr_table_setn(new, apr_pstrcat(p, "REDIRECT_", elts[i].key, NULL), elts[i].val); } return new; } static request_rec *internal_internal_redirect(const char *new_uri, request_rec *r) { int access_status; request_rec *new; const char *vary_header; if (ap_is_recursion_limit_exceeded(r)) { ap_die(HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, r); return NULL; } new = (request_rec *) apr_pcalloc(r->pool, sizeof(request_rec)); new->connection = r->connection; new->server = r->server; new->pool = r->pool; /* * A whole lot of this really ought to be shared with http_protocol.c... * another missing cleanup. It's particularly inappropriate to be * setting header_only, etc., here. */ new->method = r->method; new->method_number = r->method_number; new->allowed_methods = ap_make_method_list(new->pool, 2); ap_parse_uri(new, new_uri); new->parsed_uri.port_str = r->parsed_uri.port_str; new->parsed_uri.port = r->parsed_uri.port; new->request_config = ap_create_request_config(r->pool); new->per_dir_config = r->server->lookup_defaults; new->prev = r; r->next = new; new->useragent_addr = r->useragent_addr; new->useragent_ip = r->useragent_ip; /* Must have prev and next pointers set before calling create_request * hook. */ ap_run_create_request(new); /* Inherit the rest of the protocol info... */ new->the_request = r->the_request; new->allowed = r->allowed; new->status = r->status; new->assbackwards = r->assbackwards; new->header_only = r->header_only; new->protocol = r->protocol; new->proto_num = r->proto_num; new->hostname = r->hostname; new->request_time = r->request_time; new->main = r->main; new->headers_in = r->headers_in; new->trailers_in = r->trailers_in; new->headers_out = apr_table_make(r->pool, 12); if (ap_is_HTTP_REDIRECT(new->status)) { const char *location = apr_table_get(r->headers_out, "Location"); if (location) apr_table_setn(new->headers_out, "Location", location); } /* A module (like mod_rewrite) can force an internal redirect * to carry over the Vary header (if present). */ if (apr_table_get(r->notes, "redirect-keeps-vary")) { if((vary_header = apr_table_get(r->headers_out, "Vary"))) { apr_table_setn(new->headers_out, "Vary", vary_header); } } new->err_headers_out = r->err_headers_out; new->trailers_out = apr_table_make(r->pool, 5); new->subprocess_env = rename_original_env(r->pool, r->subprocess_env); new->notes = apr_table_make(r->pool, 5); new->htaccess = r->htaccess; new->no_cache = r->no_cache; new->expecting_100 = r->expecting_100; new->no_local_copy = r->no_local_copy; new->read_length = r->read_length; /* We can only read it once */ new->vlist_validator = r->vlist_validator; new->proto_output_filters = r->proto_output_filters; new->proto_input_filters = r->proto_input_filters; new->input_filters = new->proto_input_filters; if (new->main) { ap_filter_t *f, *nextf; /* If this is a subrequest, the filter chain may contain a * mixture of filters specific to the old request (r), and * some inherited from r->main. Here, inherit that filter * chain, and remove all those which are specific to the old * request; ensuring the subreq filter is left in place. */ new->output_filters = r->output_filters; f = new->output_filters; do { nextf = f->next; if (f->r == r && f->frec != ap_subreq_core_filter_handle) { ap_log_rerror(APLOG_MARK, APLOG_DEBUG, 0, r, APLOGNO(01582) "dropping filter '%s' in internal redirect from %s to %s", f->frec->name, r->unparsed_uri, new_uri); /* To remove the filter, first set f->r to the *new* * request_rec, so that ->output_filters on 'new' is * changed (if necessary) when removing the filter. */ f->r = new; ap_remove_output_filter(f); } f = nextf; /* Stop at the protocol filters. If a protocol filter has * been newly installed for this resource, better leave it * in place, though it's probably a misconfiguration or * filter bug to get into this state. */ } while (f && f != new->proto_output_filters); } else { /* If this is not a subrequest, clear out all * resource-specific filters. */ new->output_filters = new->proto_output_filters; } update_r_in_filters(new->input_filters, r, new); update_r_in_filters(new->output_filters, r, new); apr_table_setn(new->subprocess_env, "REDIRECT_STATUS", apr_itoa(r->pool, r->status)); /* Begin by presuming any module can make its own path_info assumptions, * until some module interjects and changes the value. */ new->used_path_info = AP_REQ_DEFAULT_PATH_INFO; #if APR_HAS_THREADS new->invoke_mtx = r->invoke_mtx; #endif /* * XXX: hmm. This is because mod_setenvif and mod_unique_id really need * to do their thing on internal redirects as well. Perhaps this is a * misnamed function. */ if ((access_status = ap_post_read_request(new))) { ap_die(access_status, new); return NULL; } return new; } /* XXX: Is this function is so bogus and fragile that we deep-6 it? */ AP_DECLARE(void) ap_internal_fast_redirect(request_rec *rr, request_rec *r) { /* We need to tell POOL_DEBUG that we're guaranteeing that rr->pool * will exist as long as r->pool. Otherwise we run into troubles because * some values in this request will be allocated in r->pool, and others in * rr->pool. */ apr_pool_join(r->pool, rr->pool); r->proxyreq = rr->proxyreq; r->no_cache = (r->no_cache && rr->no_cache); r->no_local_copy = (r->no_local_copy && rr->no_local_copy); r->mtime = rr->mtime; r->uri = rr->uri; r->filename = rr->filename; r->canonical_filename = rr->canonical_filename; r->path_info = rr->path_info; r->args = rr->args; r->finfo = rr->finfo; r->handler = rr->handler; ap_set_content_type(r, rr->content_type); r->content_encoding = rr->content_encoding; r->content_languages = rr->content_languages; r->per_dir_config = rr->per_dir_config; /* copy output headers from subrequest, but leave negotiation headers */ r->notes = apr_table_overlay(r->pool, rr->notes, r->notes); r->headers_out = apr_table_overlay(r->pool, rr->headers_out, r->headers_out); r->err_headers_out = apr_table_overlay(r->pool, rr->err_headers_out, r->err_headers_out); r->trailers_out = apr_table_overlay(r->pool, rr->trailers_out, r->trailers_out); r->subprocess_env = apr_table_overlay(r->pool, rr->subprocess_env, r->subprocess_env); r->output_filters = rr->output_filters; r->input_filters = rr->input_filters; /* If any filters pointed at the now-defunct rr, we must point them * at our "new" instance of r. In particular, some of rr's structures * will now be bogus (say rr->headers_out). If a filter tried to modify * their f->r structure when it is pointing to rr, the real request_rec * will not get updated. Fix that here. */ update_r_in_filters(r->input_filters, rr, r); update_r_in_filters(r->output_filters, rr, r); if (r->main) { ap_filter_t *next = r->output_filters; while (next && (next != r->proto_output_filters)) { if (next->frec == ap_subreq_core_filter_handle) { break; } next = next->next; } if (!next || next == r->proto_output_filters) { ap_add_output_filter_handle(ap_subreq_core_filter_handle, NULL, r, r->connection); } } else { /* * We need to check if we now have the SUBREQ_CORE filter in our filter * chain. If this is the case we need to remove it since we are NO * subrequest. But we need to keep in mind that the SUBREQ_CORE filter * does not necessarily need to be the first filter in our chain. So we * need to go through the chain. But we only need to walk up the chain * until the proto_output_filters as the SUBREQ_CORE filter is below the * protocol filters. */ ap_filter_t *next; next = r->output_filters; while (next && (next->frec != ap_subreq_core_filter_handle) && (next != r->proto_output_filters)) { next = next->next; } if (next && (next->frec == ap_subreq_core_filter_handle)) { ap_remove_output_filter(next); } } } AP_DECLARE(void) ap_internal_redirect(const char *new_uri, request_rec *r) { int access_status; request_rec *new = internal_internal_redirect(new_uri, r); AP_INTERNAL_REDIRECT(r->uri, new_uri); /* ap_die was already called, if an error occurred */ if (!new) { return; } access_status = ap_run_quick_handler(new, 0); /* Not a look-up request */ if (access_status == DECLINED) { access_status = ap_process_request_internal(new); if (access_status == OK) { access_status = ap_invoke_handler(new); } } ap_die(access_status, new); } /* This function is designed for things like actions or CGI scripts, when * using AddHandler, and you want to preserve the content type across * an internal redirect. */ AP_DECLARE(void) ap_internal_redirect_handler(const char *new_uri, request_rec *r) { int access_status; request_rec *new = internal_internal_redirect(new_uri, r); /* ap_die was already called, if an error occurred */ if (!new) { return; } if (r->handler) ap_set_content_type(new, r->content_type); access_status = ap_process_request_internal(new); if (access_status == OK) { access_status = ap_invoke_handler(new); } ap_die(access_status, new); } AP_DECLARE(void) ap_allow_methods(request_rec *r, int reset, ...) { const char *method; va_list methods; /* * Get rid of any current settings if requested; not just the * well-known methods but any extensions as well. */ if (reset) { ap_clear_method_list(r->allowed_methods); } va_start(methods, reset); while ((method = va_arg(methods, const char *)) != NULL) { ap_method_list_add(r->allowed_methods, method); } va_end(methods); } AP_DECLARE(void) ap_allow_standard_methods(request_rec *r, int reset, ...) { int method; va_list methods; ap_method_mask_t mask; /* * Get rid of any current settings if requested; not just the * well-known methods but any extensions as well. */ if (reset) { ap_clear_method_list(r->allowed_methods); } mask = 0; va_start(methods, reset); while ((method = va_arg(methods, int)) != -1) { mask |= (AP_METHOD_BIT << method); } va_end(methods); r->allowed_methods->method_mask |= mask; }