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|
// Copyright (C) 2016-2024 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
// file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
#include <config.h>
#include <asiolink/io_service.h>
#include <asiolink/process_spawn.h>
#include <database/database_connection.h>
#include <database/db_exceptions.h>
#include <database/db_log.h>
#include <pgsql/pgsql_connection.h>
#include <util/file_utilities.h>
#include <exception>
// PostgreSQL errors should be tested based on the SQL state code. Each state
// code is 5 decimal, ASCII, digits, the first two define the category of
// error, the last three are the specific error. PostgreSQL makes the state
// code as a char[5]. Macros for each code are defined in PostgreSQL's
// server/utils/errcodes.h, although they require a second macro,
// MAKE_SQLSTATE for completion. For example, duplicate key error as:
//
// #define ERRCODE_UNIQUE_VIOLATION MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','3','5','0','5')
//
// PostgreSQL deliberately omits the MAKE_SQLSTATE macro so callers can/must
// supply their own. We'll define it as an initialization list:
#define MAKE_SQLSTATE(ch1,ch2,ch3,ch4,ch5) {ch1,ch2,ch3,ch4,ch5}
// So we can use it like this: const char some_error[] = ERRCODE_xxxx;
#define PGSQL_STATECODE_LEN 5
#include <utils/errcodes.h>
#include <sstream>
using namespace isc::asiolink;
using namespace std;
namespace isc {
namespace db {
std::string PgSqlConnection::KEA_ADMIN_ = KEA_ADMIN;
// Default connection timeout
/// @todo: migrate this default timeout to src/bin/dhcpX/simple_parserX.cc
const int PGSQL_DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 5; // seconds
const char PgSqlConnection::DUPLICATE_KEY[] = ERRCODE_UNIQUE_VIOLATION;
const char PgSqlConnection::NULL_KEY[] = ERRCODE_NOT_NULL_VIOLATION;
bool PgSqlConnection::warned_about_tls = false;
PgSqlResult::PgSqlResult(PGresult *result)
: result_(result), rows_(0), cols_(0) {
if (!result) {
// Certain failures, like a loss of connectivity, can return a
// null PGresult and we still need to be able to create a PgSqlResult.
// We'll set row and col counts to -1 to prevent anyone going off the
// rails.
rows_ = -1;
cols_ = -1;
} else {
rows_ = PQntuples(result);
cols_ = PQnfields(result);
}
}
void
PgSqlResult::rowCheck(int row) const {
if (row < 0 || row >= rows_) {
isc_throw (db::DbOperationError, "row: " << row
<< ", out of range: 0.." << rows_);
}
}
PgSqlResult::~PgSqlResult() {
if (result_) {
PQclear(result_);
}
}
void
PgSqlResult::colCheck(int col) const {
if (col < 0 || col >= cols_) {
isc_throw (DbOperationError, "col: " << col
<< ", out of range: 0.." << cols_);
}
}
void
PgSqlResult::rowColCheck(int row, int col) const {
rowCheck(row);
colCheck(col);
}
std::string
PgSqlResult::getColumnLabel(const int col) const {
const char* label = NULL;
try {
colCheck(col);
label = PQfname(result_, col);
} catch (...) {
std::ostringstream os;
os << "Unknown column:" << col;
return (os.str());
}
return (label);
}
PgSqlTransaction::PgSqlTransaction(PgSqlConnection& conn)
: conn_(conn), committed_(false) {
conn_.startTransaction();
}
PgSqlTransaction::~PgSqlTransaction() {
// If commit() wasn't explicitly called, rollback.
if (!committed_) {
conn_.rollback();
}
}
void
PgSqlTransaction::commit() {
conn_.commit();
committed_ = true;
}
PgSqlConnection::~PgSqlConnection() {
if (conn_) {
// Deallocate the prepared queries.
if (PQstatus(conn_) == CONNECTION_OK) {
PgSqlResult r(PQexec(conn_, "DEALLOCATE all"));
if (PQresultStatus(r) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
// Highly unlikely but we'll log it and go on.
DB_LOG_ERROR(PGSQL_DEALLOC_ERROR)
.arg(PQerrorMessage(conn_));
}
}
}
}
std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>
PgSqlConnection::getVersion(const ParameterMap& parameters,
const IOServiceAccessorPtr& ac,
const DbCallback& cb,
const string& timer_name) {
// Get a connection.
PgSqlConnection conn(parameters, ac, cb);
if (!timer_name.empty()) {
conn.makeReconnectCtl(timer_name);
}
// Open the database.
conn.openDatabaseInternal(false);
const char* version_sql = "SELECT version, minor FROM schema_version;";
PgSqlResult r(PQexec(conn.conn_, version_sql));
if (PQresultStatus(r) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK) {
isc_throw(DbOperationError, "unable to execute PostgreSQL statement <"
<< version_sql << ", reason: " << PQerrorMessage(conn.conn_));
}
uint32_t version;
PgSqlExchange::getColumnValue(r, 0, 0, version);
uint32_t minor;
PgSqlExchange::getColumnValue(r, 0, 1, minor);
return (make_pair(version, minor));
}
void
PgSqlConnection::ensureSchemaVersion(const ParameterMap& parameters,
const DbCallback& cb,
const string& timer_name) {
// retry-on-startup?
bool const retry(parameters.count("retry-on-startup") &&
parameters.at("retry-on-startup") == "true");
IOServiceAccessorPtr ac(new IOServiceAccessor(&DatabaseConnection::getIOService));
pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> schema_version;
try {
schema_version = getVersion(parameters, ac, cb, retry ? timer_name : string());
} catch (DbOpenError const& exception) {
throw;
} catch (DbOpenErrorWithRetry const& exception) {
throw;
} catch (exception const& exception) {
// This failure may occur for a variety of reasons. We are looking at
// initializing schema as the only potential mitigation. We could narrow
// down on the error that would suggest an uninitialized schema
// which would sound something along the lines of
// "table schema_version does not exist", but we do not necessarily have
// to. If the error had another cause, it will fail again during
// initialization or during the subsequent version retrieval and that is
// fine, and the error should still be relevant.
initializeSchema(parameters);
// Retrieve again because the initial retrieval failed.
schema_version = getVersion(parameters, ac, cb, retry ? timer_name : string());
}
// Check that the versions match.
pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> const expected_version(PGSQL_SCHEMA_VERSION_MAJOR,
PGSQL_SCHEMA_VERSION_MINOR);
if (schema_version != expected_version) {
isc_throw(DbOpenError, "PostgreSQL schema version mismatch: expected version: "
<< expected_version.first << "." << expected_version.second
<< ", found version: " << schema_version.first << "."
<< schema_version.second);
}
}
void
PgSqlConnection::initializeSchema(const ParameterMap& parameters) {
if (parameters.count("readonly") && parameters.at("readonly") == "true") {
// The readonly flag is historically used for host backends. Still, if
// enabled, it is a strong indication that we should not meDDLe with it.
return;
}
if (!isc::util::file::isFile(KEA_ADMIN_)) {
// It can happen for kea-admin to not exist, especially with
// packages that install it in a separate package.
return;
}
// Convert parameters.
auto const tupl(toKeaAdminParameters(parameters));
vector<string> kea_admin_parameters(get<0>(tupl));
ProcessEnvVars const vars(get<1>(tupl));
kea_admin_parameters.insert(kea_admin_parameters.begin(), "db-init");
// Run.
ProcessSpawn kea_admin(KEA_ADMIN_, kea_admin_parameters, vars,
/* inherit_env = */ true);
DB_LOG_INFO(PGSQL_INITIALIZE_SCHEMA).arg(kea_admin.getCommandLine());
pid_t const pid(kea_admin.spawn());
if (kea_admin.isRunning(pid)) {
isc_throw(SchemaInitializationFailed, "kea-admin still running");
}
int const exit_code(kea_admin.getExitStatus(pid));
if (exit_code != 0) {
isc_throw(SchemaInitializationFailed, "Expected exit code 0 for kea-admin. Got " << exit_code);
}
}
tuple<vector<string>, vector<string>>
PgSqlConnection::toKeaAdminParameters(ParameterMap const& params) {
vector<string> result{"pgsql"};
ProcessEnvVars vars;
for (auto const& p : params) {
string const& keyword(p.first);
string const& value(p.second);
// These Kea parameters are the same as the kea-admin parameters.
if (keyword == "user" ||
keyword == "password" ||
keyword == "host" ||
keyword == "port" ||
keyword == "name") {
result.push_back("--" + keyword);
result.push_back(value);
continue;
}
// These Kea parameters do not have a direct kea-admin equivalent.
// But they do have a psql client environment variable equivalent.
// We pass them to kea-admin.
static unordered_map<string, string> conversions{
{"connect-timeout", "PGCONNECT_TIMEOUT"},
// {"tcp-user-timeout", "N/A"},
};
if (conversions.count(keyword)) {
vars.push_back(conversions.at(keyword) + "=" + value);
}
}
return make_tuple(result, vars);
}
void
PgSqlConnection::prepareStatement(const PgSqlTaggedStatement& statement) {
// Prepare all statements queries with all known fields datatype
PgSqlResult r(PQprepare(conn_, statement.name, statement.text,
statement.nbparams, statement.types));
if (PQresultStatus(r) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
isc_throw(DbOperationError, "unable to prepare PostgreSQL statement: "
<< " name: " << statement.name
<< ", reason: " << PQerrorMessage(conn_)
<< ", text: " << statement.text);
}
}
void
PgSqlConnection::prepareStatements(const PgSqlTaggedStatement* start_statement,
const PgSqlTaggedStatement* end_statement) {
// Created the PostgreSQL prepared statements.
for (const PgSqlTaggedStatement* tagged_statement = start_statement;
tagged_statement != end_statement; ++tagged_statement) {
prepareStatement(*tagged_statement);
}
}
std::string
PgSqlConnection::getConnParameters() {
return (getConnParametersInternal(false));
}
std::string
PgSqlConnection::getConnParametersInternal(bool logging) {
string dbconnparameters;
string shost = "localhost";
try {
shost = getParameter("host");
} catch(...) {
// No host. Fine, we'll use "localhost"
}
dbconnparameters += "host = '" + shost + "'" ;
unsigned int port = 0;
try {
setIntParameterValue("port", 0, numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max(), port);
} catch (const std::exception& ex) {
isc_throw(DbInvalidPort, ex.what());
}
// Add port to connection parameters when not default.
if (port > 0) {
std::ostringstream oss;
oss << port;
dbconnparameters += " port = " + oss.str();
}
string suser;
try {
suser = getParameter("user");
dbconnparameters += " user = '" + suser + "'";
} catch(...) {
// No user. Fine, we'll use NULL
}
string spassword;
try {
spassword = getParameter("password");
dbconnparameters += " password = '" + spassword + "'";
} catch(...) {
// No password. Fine, we'll use NULL
}
string sname;
try {
sname = getParameter("name");
dbconnparameters += " dbname = '" + sname + "'";
} catch(...) {
// No database name. Throw a "NoDatabaseName" exception
isc_throw(NoDatabaseName, "must specify a name for the database");
}
unsigned int connect_timeout = PGSQL_DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT;
unsigned int tcp_user_timeout = 0;
try {
// The timeout is only valid if greater than zero, as depending on the
// database, a zero timeout might signify something like "wait
// indefinitely".
setIntParameterValue("connect-timeout", 1, numeric_limits<int>::max(), connect_timeout);
// This timeout value can be 0, meaning that the database client will
// follow a default behavior. Earlier Postgres versions didn't have
// this parameter, so we allow 0 to skip setting them for these
// earlier versions.
setIntParameterValue("tcp-user-timeout", 0, numeric_limits<int>::max(), tcp_user_timeout);
} catch (const std::exception& ex) {
isc_throw(DbInvalidTimeout, ex.what());
}
// Append connection timeout.
std::ostringstream oss;
oss << " connect_timeout = " << connect_timeout;
if (tcp_user_timeout > 0) {
// tcp_user_timeout parameter is a PostgreSQL 12+ feature.
#ifdef HAVE_PGSQL_TCP_USER_TIMEOUT
oss << " tcp_user_timeout = " << tcp_user_timeout * 1000;
static_cast<void>(logging);
#else
if (logging) {
DB_LOG_WARN(PGSQL_TCP_USER_TIMEOUT_UNSUPPORTED).arg();
}
#endif
}
dbconnparameters += oss.str();
return (dbconnparameters);
}
void
PgSqlConnection::openDatabase() {
openDatabaseInternal(true);
}
void
PgSqlConnection::openDatabaseInternal(bool logging) {
std::string dbconnparameters = getConnParametersInternal(logging);
// Connect to Postgres, saving the low level connection pointer
// in the holder object
PGconn* new_conn = PQconnectdb(dbconnparameters.c_str());
if (!new_conn) {
isc_throw(DbOpenError, "could not allocate connection object");
}
if (PQstatus(new_conn) != CONNECTION_OK) {
// If we have a connection object, we have to call finish
// to release it, but grab the error message first.
std::string error_message = PQerrorMessage(new_conn);
PQfinish(new_conn);
auto const& rec = reconnectCtl();
if (rec && DatabaseConnection::retry_) {
// Start the connection recovery.
startRecoverDbConnection();
std::ostringstream s;
s << " (scheduling retry " << rec->retryIndex() + 1 << " of " << rec->maxRetries() << " in " << rec->retryInterval() << " milliseconds)";
error_message += s.str();
isc_throw(DbOpenErrorWithRetry, error_message);
}
isc_throw(DbOpenError, error_message);
}
// We have a valid connection, so let's save it to our holder
conn_.setConnection(new_conn);
}
bool
PgSqlConnection::compareError(const PgSqlResult& r, const char* error_state) {
const char* sqlstate = PQresultErrorField(r, PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE);
// PostgreSQL guarantees it will always be 5 characters long
return ((sqlstate != NULL) &&
(memcmp(sqlstate, error_state, PGSQL_STATECODE_LEN) == 0));
}
void
PgSqlConnection::checkStatementError(const PgSqlResult& r,
PgSqlTaggedStatement& statement) {
int s = PQresultStatus(r);
if (s != PGRES_COMMAND_OK && s != PGRES_TUPLES_OK) {
// We're testing the first two chars of SQLSTATE, as this is the
// error class. Note, there is a severity field, but it can be
// misleadingly returned as fatal. However, a loss of connectivity
// can lead to a NULL sqlstate with a status of PGRES_FATAL_ERROR.
const char* sqlstate = PQresultErrorField(r, PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE);
if ((sqlstate == NULL) ||
((memcmp(sqlstate, "08", 2) == 0) || // Connection Exception
(memcmp(sqlstate, "53", 2) == 0) || // Insufficient resources
(memcmp(sqlstate, "54", 2) == 0) || // Program Limit exceeded
(memcmp(sqlstate, "57", 2) == 0) || // Operator intervention
(memcmp(sqlstate, "58", 2) == 0))) { // System error
DB_LOG_ERROR(PGSQL_FATAL_ERROR)
.arg(statement.name)
.arg(PQerrorMessage(conn_))
.arg(sqlstate ? sqlstate : "<sqlstate null>");
// Mark this connection as no longer usable.
markUnusable();
// Start the connection recovery.
startRecoverDbConnection();
// We still need to throw so caller can error out of the current
// processing.
isc_throw(DbConnectionUnusable,
"fatal database error or connectivity lost");
}
// Failure: check for the special case of duplicate entry.
if (compareError(r, PgSqlConnection::DUPLICATE_KEY)) {
isc_throw(DuplicateEntry, "statement: " << statement.name
<< ", reason: " << PQerrorMessage(conn_));
}
// Failure: check for the special case of null key violation.
if (compareError(r, PgSqlConnection::NULL_KEY)) {
isc_throw(NullKeyError, "statement: " << statement.name
<< ", reason: " << PQerrorMessage(conn_));
}
// Apparently it wasn't fatal, so we throw with a helpful message.
const char* error_message = PQerrorMessage(conn_);
isc_throw(DbOperationError, "Statement exec failed for: "
<< statement.name << ", status: " << s
<< "sqlstate:[ " << (sqlstate ? sqlstate : "<null>")
<< " ], reason: " << error_message);
}
}
void
PgSqlConnection::startTransaction() {
// If it is nested transaction, do nothing.
if (++transaction_ref_count_ > 1) {
return;
}
DB_LOG_DEBUG(DB_DBG_TRACE_DETAIL, PGSQL_START_TRANSACTION);
checkUnusable();
PgSqlResult r(PQexec(conn_, "START TRANSACTION"));
if (PQresultStatus(r) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
const char* error_message = PQerrorMessage(conn_);
isc_throw(DbOperationError, "unable to start transaction"
<< error_message);
}
}
bool
PgSqlConnection::isTransactionStarted() const {
return (transaction_ref_count_ > 0);
}
void
PgSqlConnection::commit() {
if (transaction_ref_count_ <= 0) {
isc_throw(Unexpected, "commit called for not started transaction - coding error");
}
// When committing nested transaction, do nothing.
if (--transaction_ref_count_ > 0) {
return;
}
DB_LOG_DEBUG(DB_DBG_TRACE_DETAIL, PGSQL_COMMIT);
checkUnusable();
PgSqlResult r(PQexec(conn_, "COMMIT"));
if (PQresultStatus(r) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
const char* error_message = PQerrorMessage(conn_);
isc_throw(DbOperationError, "commit failed: " << error_message);
}
}
void
PgSqlConnection::rollback() {
if (transaction_ref_count_ <= 0) {
isc_throw(Unexpected, "rollback called for not started transaction - coding error");
}
// When rolling back nested transaction, do nothing.
if (--transaction_ref_count_ > 0) {
return;
}
DB_LOG_DEBUG(DB_DBG_TRACE_DETAIL, PGSQL_ROLLBACK);
checkUnusable();
PgSqlResult r(PQexec(conn_, "ROLLBACK"));
if (PQresultStatus(r) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
const char* error_message = PQerrorMessage(conn_);
isc_throw(DbOperationError, "rollback failed: " << error_message);
}
}
void
PgSqlConnection::createSavepoint(const std::string& name) {
if (transaction_ref_count_ <= 0) {
isc_throw(InvalidOperation, "no transaction, cannot create savepoint: " << name);
}
DB_LOG_DEBUG(DB_DBG_TRACE_DETAIL, PGSQL_CREATE_SAVEPOINT).arg(name);
std::string sql("SAVEPOINT " + name);
executeSQL(sql);
}
void
PgSqlConnection::rollbackToSavepoint(const std::string& name) {
if (transaction_ref_count_ <= 0) {
isc_throw(InvalidOperation, "no transaction, cannot rollback to savepoint: " << name);
}
std::string sql("ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT " + name);
executeSQL(sql);
}
void
PgSqlConnection::executeSQL(const std::string& sql) {
// Use a TaggedStatement so we can call checkStatementError and ensure
// we detect connectivity issues properly.
PgSqlTaggedStatement statement({0, {OID_NONE}, "run-statement", sql.c_str()});
checkUnusable();
PgSqlResult r(PQexec(conn_, statement.text));
checkStatementError(r, statement);
}
PgSqlResultPtr
PgSqlConnection::executePreparedStatement(PgSqlTaggedStatement& statement,
const PsqlBindArray& in_bindings) {
checkUnusable();
if (statement.nbparams != in_bindings.size()) {
isc_throw (InvalidOperation, "executePreparedStatement:"
<< " expected: " << statement.nbparams
<< " parameters, given: " << in_bindings.size()
<< ", statement: " << statement.name
<< ", SQL: " << statement.text);
}
const char* const* values = 0;
const int* lengths = 0;
const int* formats = 0;
if (statement.nbparams > 0) {
values = static_cast<const char* const*>(&in_bindings.values_[0]);
lengths = static_cast<const int *>(&in_bindings.lengths_[0]);
formats = static_cast<const int *>(&in_bindings.formats_[0]);
}
PgSqlResultPtr result_set;
result_set.reset(new PgSqlResult(PQexecPrepared(conn_, statement.name, statement.nbparams,
values, lengths, formats, 0)));
checkStatementError(*result_set, statement);
return (result_set);
}
void
PgSqlConnection::selectQuery(PgSqlTaggedStatement& statement,
const PsqlBindArray& in_bindings,
ConsumeResultRowFun process_result_row) {
// Execute the prepared statement.
PgSqlResultPtr result_set = executePreparedStatement(statement, in_bindings);
// Iterate over the returned rows and invoke the row consumption
// function on each one.
int rows = result_set->getRows();
for (int row = 0; row < rows; ++row) {
try {
process_result_row(*result_set, row);
} catch (const std::exception& ex) {
// Rethrow the exception with a bit more data.
isc_throw(BadValue, ex.what() << ". Statement is <" <<
statement.text << ">");
}
}
}
void
PgSqlConnection::insertQuery(PgSqlTaggedStatement& statement,
const PsqlBindArray& in_bindings) {
// Execute the prepared statement.
PgSqlResultPtr result_set = executePreparedStatement(statement, in_bindings);
}
uint64_t
PgSqlConnection::updateDeleteQuery(PgSqlTaggedStatement& statement,
const PsqlBindArray& in_bindings) {
// Execute the prepared statement.
PgSqlResultPtr result_set = executePreparedStatement(statement, in_bindings);
return (boost::lexical_cast<int>(PQcmdTuples(*result_set)));
}
template<typename T>
void
PgSqlConnection::setIntParameterValue(const std::string& name, int64_t min, int64_t max, T& value) {
string svalue;
try {
svalue = getParameter(name);
} catch (...) {
// Do nothing if the parameter is not present.
}
if (svalue.empty()) {
return;
}
try {
// Try to convert the value.
auto parsed_value = boost::lexical_cast<T>(svalue);
// Check if the value is within the specified range.
if ((parsed_value < min) || (parsed_value > max)) {
isc_throw(BadValue, "bad " << svalue << " value");
}
// Everything is fine. Return the parsed value.
value = parsed_value;
} catch (...) {
// We may end up here when lexical_cast fails or when the
// parsed value is not within the desired range. In both
// cases let's throw the same general error.
isc_throw(BadValue, name << " parameter (" <<
svalue << ") must be an integer between "
<< min << " and " << max);
}
}
} // end of isc::db namespace
} // end of isc namespace
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