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| author | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> | 2005-04-17 00:20:36 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> | 2005-04-17 00:20:36 +0200 |
| commit | 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 (patch) | |
| tree | 0bba044c4ce775e45a88a51686b5d9f90697ea9d /Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS | |
| download | linux-1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2.tar.xz linux-1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2.zip | |
Linux-2.6.12-rc2v2.6.12-rc2
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS | 1456 |
1 files changed, 1456 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS b/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..fd42b05b2f55 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS @@ -0,0 +1,1456 @@ +Introduction +------------ + +This file is a collection of all the old Readme files distributed with +OSS/Lite by Hannu Savolainen. Since the new Linux sound driver is founded +on it I think these information may still be interesting for users that +have to configure their sound system. + +Be warned: Alan Cox is the current maintainer of the Linux sound driver so if +you have problems with it, please contact him or the current device-specific +driver maintainer (e.g. for aedsp16 specific problems contact me). If you have +patches, contributions or suggestions send them to Alan: I'm sure they are +welcome. + +In this document you will find a lot of references about OSS/Lite or ossfree: +they are gone forever. Keeping this in mind and with a grain of salt this +document can be still interesting and very helpful. + +[ File edited 17.01.1999 - Riccardo Facchetti ] +[ Edited miroSOUND section 19.04.2001 - Robert Siemer ] + +OSS/Free version 3.8 release notes +---------------------------------- + +Please read the SOUND-HOWTO (available from sunsite.unc.edu and other Linux FTP +sites). It gives instructions about using sound with Linux. It's bit out of +date but still very useful. Information about bug fixes and such things +is available from the web page (see above). + +Please check http://www.opensound.com/pguide for more info about programming +with OSS API. + + ==================================================== +- THIS VERSION ____REQUIRES____ Linux 2.1.57 OR LATER. + ==================================================== + +Packages "snd-util-3.8.tar.gz" and "snd-data-0.1.tar.Z" +contain useful utilities to be used with this driver. +See http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/getting.html for +download instructions. + +If you are looking for the installation instructions, please +look forward into this document. + +Supported sound cards +--------------------- + +See below. + +Contributors +------------ + +This driver contains code by several contributors. In addition several other +persons have given useful suggestions. The following is a list of major +contributors. (I could have forgotten some names.) + + Craig Metz 1/2 of the PAS16 Mixer and PCM support + Rob Hooft Volume computation algorithm for the FM synth. + Mika Liljeberg uLaw encoding and decoding routines + Jeff Tranter Linux SOUND HOWTO document + Greg Lee Volume computation algorithm for the GUS and + lots of valuable suggestions. + Andy Warner ISC port + Jim Lowe, + Amancio Hasty Jr FreeBSD/NetBSD port + Anders Baekgaard Bug hunting and valuable suggestions. + Joerg Schubert SB16 DSP support (initial version). + Andrew Robinson Improvements to the GUS driver + Megens SA MIDI recording for SB and SB Pro (initial version). + Mikael Nordqvist Linear volume support for GUS and + nonblocking /dev/sequencer. + Ian Hartas SVR4.2 port + Markus Aroharju and + Risto Kankkunen Major contributions to the mixer support + of GUS v3.7. + Hunyue Yau Mixer support for SG NX Pro. + Marc Hoffman PSS support (initial version). + Rainer Vranken Initialization for Jazz16 (initial version). + Peter Trattler Initial version of loadable module support for Linux. + JRA Gibson 16 bit mode for Jazz16 (initial version) + Davor Jadrijevic MAD16 support (initial version) + Gregor Hoffleit Mozart support (initial version) + Riccardo Facchetti Audio Excel DSP 16 (aedsp16) support + James Hightower Spotting a tiny but important bug in CS423x support. + Denis Sablic OPTi 82C924 specific enhancements (non PnP mode) + Tim MacKenzie Full duplex support for OPTi 82C930. + + Please look at lowlevel/README for more contributors. + +There are probably many other names missing. If you have sent me some +patches and your name is not in the above list, please inform me. + +Sending your contributions or patches +------------------------------------- + +First of all it's highly recommended to contact me before sending anything +or before even starting to do any work. Tell me what you suggest to be +changed or what you have planned to do. Also ensure you are using the +very latest (development) version of OSS/Free since the change may already be +implemented there. In general it's a major waste of time to try to improve a +several months old version. Information about the latest version can be found +from http://www.opensound.com/ossfree. In general there is no point in +sending me patches relative to production kernels. + +Sponsors etc. +------------- + +The following companies have greatly helped development of this driver +in form of a free copy of their product: + +Novell, Inc. UnixWare personal edition + SDK +The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. A SCO OpenServer + SDK +Ensoniq Corp, a SoundScape card and extensive amount of assistance +MediaTrix Peripherals Inc, a AudioTrix Pro card + SDK +Acer, Inc. a pair of AcerMagic S23 cards. + +In addition the following companies have provided me sufficient amount +of technical information at least some of their products (free or $$$): + +Advanced Gravis Computer Technology Ltd. +Media Vision Inc. +Analog Devices Inc. +Logitech Inc. +Aztech Labs Inc. +Crystal Semiconductor Corporation, +Integrated Circuit Systems Inc. +OAK Technology +OPTi +Turtle Beach +miro +Ad Lib Inc. ($$) +Music Quest Inc. ($$) +Creative Labs ($$$) + +If you have some problems +========================= + +Read the sound HOWTO (sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/...?). +Also look at the home page (http://www.opensound.com/ossfree). It may +contain info about some recent bug fixes. + +It's likely that you have some problems when trying to use the sound driver +first time. Sound cards don't have standard configuration so there are no +good default configuration to use. Please try to use same I/O, DMA and IRQ +values for the sound card than with DOS. + +If you get an error message when trying to use the driver, please look +at /var/adm/messages for more verbose error message. + + +The following errors are likely with /dev/dsp and /dev/audio. + + - "No such device or address". + This error indicates that there are no suitable hardware for the + device file or the sound driver has been compiled without support for + this particular device. For example /dev/audio and /dev/dsp will not + work if "digitized voice support" was not enabled during "make config". + + - "Device or resource busy". Probably the IRQ (or DMA) channel + required by the sound card is in use by some other device/driver. + + - "I/O error". Almost certainly (99%) it's an IRQ or DMA conflict. + Look at the kernel messages in /var/adm/notice for more info. + + - "Invalid argument". The application is calling ioctl() + with impossible parameters. Check that the application is + for sound driver version 2.X or later. + +Linux installation +================== + +IMPORTANT! Read this if you are installing a separately + distributed version of this driver. + + Check that your kernel version works with this + release of the driver (see Readme). Also verify + that your current kernel version doesn't have more + recent sound driver version than this one. IT'S HIGHLY + RECOMMENDED THAT YOU USE THE SOUND DRIVER VERSION THAT + IS DISTRIBUTED WITH KERNEL SOURCES. + +- When installing separately distributed sound driver you should first + read the above notice. Then try to find proper directory where and how + to install the driver sources. You should not try to install a separately + distributed driver version if you are not able to find the proper way + yourself (in this case use the version that is distributed with kernel + sources). Remove old version of linux/drivers/sound directory before + installing new files. + +- To build the device files you need to run the enclosed shell script + (see below). You need to do this only when installing sound driver + first time or when upgrading to much recent version than the earlier + one. + +- Configure and compile Linux as normally (remember to include the + sound support during "make config"). Please refer to kernel documentation + for instructions about configuring and compiling kernel. File Readme.cards + contains card specific instructions for configuring this driver for + use with various sound cards. + +Boot time configuration (using lilo and insmod) +----------------------------------------------- + +This information has been removed. Too many users didn't believe +that it's really not necessary to use this method. Please look at +Readme of sound driver version 3.0.1 if you still want to use this method. + +Problems +-------- + +Common error messages: + +- /dev/???????: No such file or directory. +Run the script at the end of this file. + +- /dev/???????: No such device. +You are not running kernel which contains the sound driver. When using +modularized sound driver this error means that the sound driver is not +loaded. + +- /dev/????: No such device or address. +Sound driver didn't detect suitable card when initializing. Please look at +Readme.cards for info about configuring the driver with your card. Also +check for possible boot (insmod) time error messages in /var/adm/messages. + +- Other messages or problems +Please check http://www.opensound.com/ossfree for more info. + +Configuring version 3.8 (for Linux) with some common sound cards +================================================================ + +This document describes configuring sound cards with the freeware version of +Open Sound Systems (OSS/Free). Information about the commercial version +(OSS/Linux) and its configuration is available from +http://www.opensound.com/linux.html. Information presented here is +not valid for OSS/Linux. + +If you are unsure about how to configure OSS/Free +you can download the free evaluation version of OSS/Linux from the above +address. There is a chance that it can autodetect your sound card. In this case +you can use the information included in soundon.log when configuring OSS/Free. + + +IMPORTANT! This document covers only cards that were "known" when + this driver version was released. Please look at + http://www.opensound.com/ossfree for info about + cards introduced recently. + + When configuring the sound driver, you should carefully + check each sound configuration option (particularly + "Support for /dev/dsp and /dev/audio"). The default values + offered by these programs are not necessarily valid. + + +THE BIGGEST MISTAKES YOU CAN MAKE +================================= + +1. Assuming that the card is Sound Blaster compatible when it's not. +-------------------------------------------------------------------- + +The number one mistake is to assume that your card is compatible with +Sound Blaster. Only the cards made by Creative Technology or which have +one or more chips labeled by Creative are SB compatible. In addition there +are few sound chipsets which are SB compatible in Linux such as ESS1688 or +Jazz16. Note that SB compatibility in DOS/Windows does _NOT_ mean anything +in Linux. + +IF YOU REALLY ARE 150% SURE YOU HAVE A SOUND BLASTER YOU CAN SKIP THE REST OF +THIS CHAPTER. + +For most other "supposed to be SB compatible" cards you have to use other +than SB drivers (see below). It is possible to get most sound cards to work +in SB mode but in general it's a complete waste of time. There are several +problems which you will encounter by using SB mode with cards that are not +truly SB compatible: + +- The SB emulation is at most SB Pro (DSP version 3.x) which means that +you get only 8 bit audio (there is always an another ("native") mode which +gives the 16 bit capability). The 8 bit only operation is the reason why +many users claim that sound quality in Linux is much worse than in DOS. +In addition some applications require 16 bit mode and they produce just +noise with a 8 bit only device. +- The card may work only in some cases but refuse to work most of the +time. The SB compatible mode always requires special initialization which is +done by the DOS/Windows drivers. This kind of cards work in Linux after +you have warm booted it after DOS but they don't work after cold boot +(power on or reset). +- You get the famous "DMA timed out" messages. Usually all SB clones have +software selectable IRQ and DMA settings. If the (power on default) values +currently used by the card don't match configuration of the driver you will +get the above error message whenever you try to record or play. There are +few other reasons to the DMA timeout message but using the SB mode seems +to be the most common cause. + +2. Trying to use a PnP (Plug & Play) card just like an ordinary sound card +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Plug & Play is a protocol defined by Intel and Microsoft. It lets operating +systems to easily identify and reconfigure I/O ports, IRQs and DMAs of ISA +cards. The problem with PnP cards is that the standard Linux doesn't currently +(versions 2.1.x and earlier) don't support PnP. This means that you will have +to use some special tricks (see later) to get a PnP card alive. Many PnP cards +work after they have been initialized but this is not always the case. + +There are sometimes both PnP and non-PnP versions of the same sound card. +The non-PnP version is the original model which usually has been discontinued +more than an year ago. The PnP version has the same name but with "PnP" +appended to it (sometimes not). This causes major confusion since the non-PnP +model works with Linux but the PnP one doesn't. + +You should carefully check if "Plug & Play" or "PnP" is mentioned in the name +of the card or in the documentation or package that came with the card. +Everything described in the rest of this document is not necessarily valid for +PnP models of sound cards even you have managed to wake up the card properly. +Many PnP cards are simply too different from their non-PnP ancestors which are +covered by this document. + + +Cards that are not (fully) supported by this driver +=================================================== + +See http://www.opensound.com/ossfree for information about sound cards +to be supported in future. + + +How to use sound without recompiling kernel and/or sound driver +=============================================================== + +There is a commercial sound driver which comes in precompiled form and doesn't +require recompiling of the kernel. See http://www.4Front-tech.com/oss.html for +more info. + + +Configuring PnP cards +===================== + +New versions of most sound cards use the so-called ISA PnP protocol for +soft configuring their I/O, IRQ, DMA and shared memory resources. +Currently at least cards made by Creative Technology (SB32 and SB32AWE +PnP), Gravis (GUS PnP and GUS PnP Pro), Ensoniq (Soundscape PnP) and +Aztech (some Sound Galaxy models) use PnP technology. The CS4232/4236 audio +chip by Crystal Semiconductor (Intel Atlantis, HP Pavilion and many other +motherboards) is also based on PnP technology but there is a "native" driver +available for it (see information about CS4232 later in this document). + +PnP sound cards (as well as most other PnP ISA cards) are not supported +by this version of the driver . Proper +support for them should be released during 97 once the kernel level +PnP support is available. + +There is a method to get most of the PnP cards to work. The basic method +is the following: + +1) Boot DOS so the card's DOS drivers have a chance to initialize it. +2) _Cold_ boot to Linux by using "loadlin.exe". Hitting ctrl-alt-del +works with older machines but causes a hard reset of all cards on recent +(Pentium) machines. +3) If you have the sound driver in Linux configured properly, the card should +work now. "Proper" means that I/O, IRQ and DMA settings are the same as in +DOS. The hard part is to find which settings were used. See the documentation of +your card for more info. + +Windows 95 could work as well as DOS but running loadlin may be difficult. +Probably you should "shut down" your machine to MS-DOS mode before running it. + +Some machines have a BIOS utility for setting PnP resources. This is a good +way to configure some cards. In this case you don't need to boot DOS/Win95 +before starting Linux. + +Another way to initialize PnP cards without DOS/Win95 is a Linux based +PnP isolation tool. When writing this there is a pre alpha test version +of such a tool available from ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/unix/linux/utils. The +file is called isapnptools-*. Please note that this tool is just a temporary +solution which may be incompatible with future kernel versions having proper +support for PnP cards. There are bugs in setting DMA channels in earlier +versions of isapnptools so at least version 1.6 is required with sound cards. + +Yet another way to use PnP cards is to use (commercial) OSS/Linux drivers. See +http://www.opensound.com/linux.html for more info. This is probably the way you +should do it if you don't want to spend time recompiling the kernel and +required tools. + + +Read this before trying to configure the driver +=============================================== + +There are currently many cards that work with this driver. Some of the cards +have native support while others work since they emulate some other +card (usually SB, MSS/WSS and/or MPU401). The following cards have native +support in the driver. Detailed instructions for configuring these cards +will be given later in this document. + +Pro Audio Spectrum 16 (PAS16) and compatibles: + Pro Audio Spectrum 16 + Pro Audio Studio 16 + Logitech Sound Man 16 + NOTE! The original Pro Audio Spectrum as well as the PAS+ are not + and will not be supported by the driver. + +Media Vision Jazz16 based cards + Pro Sonic 16 + Logitech SoundMan Wave + (Other Jazz based cards should work but I don't have any reports + about them). + +Sound Blasters + SB 1.0 to 2.0 + SB Pro + SB 16 + SB32/64/AWE + Configure SB32/64/AWE just like SB16. See lowlevel/README.awe + for information about using the wave table synth. + NOTE! AWE63/Gold and 16/32/AWE "PnP" cards need to be activated + using isapnptools before they work with OSS/Free. + SB16 compatible cards by other manufacturers than Creative. + You have been fooled since there are _no_ SB16 compatible + cards on the market (as of May 1997). It's likely that your card + is compatible just with SB Pro but there is also a non-SB- + compatible 16 bit mode. Usually it's MSS/WSS but it could also + be a proprietary one like MV Jazz16 or ESS ES688. OPTi + MAD16 chips are very common in so called "SB 16 bit cards" + (try with the MAD16 driver). + + ====================================================================== + "Supposed to be SB compatible" cards. + Forget the SB compatibility and check for other alternatives + first. The only cards that work with the SB driver in + Linux have been made by Creative Technology (there is at least + one chip on the card with "CREATIVE" printed on it). The + only other SB compatible chips are ESS and Jazz16 chips + (maybe ALSxxx chips too but they probably don't work). + Most other "16 bit SB compatible" cards such as "OPTi/MAD16" or + "Crystal" are _NOT_ SB compatible in Linux. + + Practically all sound cards have some kind of SB emulation mode + in addition to their native (16 bit) mode. In most cases this + (8 bit only) SB compatible mode doesn't work with Linux. If + you get it working it may cause problems with games and + applications which require 16 bit audio. Some 16 bit only + applications don't check if the card actually supports 16 bits. + They just dump 16 bit data to a 8 bit card which produces just + noise. + + In most cases the 16 bit native mode is supported by Linux. + Use the SB mode with "clones" only if you don't find anything + better from the rest of this doc. + ====================================================================== + +Gravis Ultrasound (GUS) + GUS + GUS + the 16 bit option + GUS MAX + GUS ACE (No MIDI port and audio recording) + GUS PnP (with RAM) + +MPU-401 and compatibles + The driver works both with the full (intelligent mode) MPU-401 + cards (such as MPU IPC-T and MQX-32M) and with the UART only + dumb MIDI ports. MPU-401 is currently the most common MIDI + interface. Most sound cards are compatible with it. However, + don't enable MPU401 mode blindly. Many cards with native support + in the driver have their own MPU401 driver. Enabling the standard one + will cause a conflict with these cards. So check if your card is + in the list of supported cards before enabling MPU401. + +Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS) + Even when Microsoft has discontinued their own Sound System card + they managed to make it a standard. MSS compatible cards are based on + a codec chip which is easily available from at least two manufacturers + (AD1848 by Analog Devices and CS4231/CS4248 by Crystal Semiconductor). + Currently most sound cards are based on one of the MSS compatible codec + chips. The CS4231 is used in the high quality cards such as GUS MAX, + MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro and TB Tropez (GUS MAX is not MSS compatible). + + Having a AD1848, CS4248 or CS4231 codec chip on the card is a good + sign. Even if the card is not MSS compatible, it could be easy to write + support for it. Note also that most MSS compatible cards + require special boot time initialization which may not be present + in the driver. Also, some MSS compatible cards have native support. + Enabling the MSS support with these cards is likely to + cause a conflict. So check if your card is listed in this file before + enabling the MSS support. + +Yamaha FM synthesizers (OPL2, OPL3 (not OPL3-SA) and OPL4) + Most sound cards have a FM synthesizer chip. The OPL2 is a 2 + operator chip used in the original AdLib card. Currently it's used + only in the cheapest (8 bit mono) cards. The OPL3 is a 4 operator + FM chip which provides better sound quality and/or more available + voices than the OPL2. The OPL4 is a new chip that has an OPL3 and + a wave table synthesizer packed onto the same chip. The driver supports + just the OPL3 mode directly. Most cards with an OPL4 (like + SM Wave and AudioTrix Pro) support the OPL4 mode using MPU401 + emulation. Writing a native OPL4 support is difficult + since Yamaha doesn't give information about their sample ROM chip. + + Enable the generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support if your + card has a FM chip made by Yamaha. Don't enable it if your card + has a software (TRS) based FM emulator. + + ---------------------------------------------------------------- + NOTE! OPL3-SA is different chip than the ordinary OPL3. In addition + to the FM synth this chip has also digital audio (WSS) and + MIDI (MPU401) capabilities. Support for OPL3-SA is described below. + ---------------------------------------------------------------- + +Yamaha OPL3-SA1 + + Yamaha OPL3-SA1 (YMF701) is an audio controller chip used on some + (Intel) motherboards and on cheap sound cards. It should not be + confused with the original OPL3 chip (YMF278) which is entirely + different chip. OPL3-SA1 has support for MSS, MPU401 and SB Pro + (not used in OSS/Free) in addition to the OPL3 FM synth. + + There are also chips called OPL3-SA2, OPL3-SA3, ..., OPL3SA-N. They + are PnP chips and will not work with the OPL3-SA1 driver. You should + use the standard MSS, MPU401 and OPL3 options with these chips and to + activate the card using isapnptools. + +4Front Technologies SoftOSS + + SoftOSS is a software based wave table emulation which works with + any 16 bit stereo sound card. Due to its nature a fast CPU is + required (P133 is minimum). Although SoftOSS does _not_ use MMX + instructions it has proven out that recent processors (which appear + to have MMX) perform significantly better with SoftOSS than earlier + ones. For example a P166MMX beats a PPro200. SoftOSS should not be used + on 486 or 386 machines. + + The amount of CPU load caused by SoftOSS can be controlled by + selecting the CONFIG_SOFTOSS_RATE and CONFIG_SOFTOSS_VOICES + parameters properly (they will be prompted by make config). It's + recommended to set CONFIG_SOFTOSS_VOICES to 32. If you have a + P166MMX or faster (PPro200 is not faster) you can set + CONFIG_SOFTOSS_RATE to 44100 (kHz). However with slower systems it + recommended to use sampling rates around 22050 or even 16000 kHz. + Selecting too high values for these parameters may hang your + system when playing MIDI files with hight degree of polyphony + (number of concurrently playing notes). It's also possible to + decrease CONFIG_SOFTOSS_VOICES. This makes it possible to use + higher sampling rates. However using fewer voices decreases + playback quality more than decreasing the sampling rate. + + SoftOSS keeps the samples loaded on the system's RAM so much RAM is + required. SoftOSS should never be used on machines with less than 16 MB + of RAM since this is potentially dangerous (you may accidentally run out + of memory which probably crashes the machine). + + SoftOSS implements the wave table API originally designed for GUS. For + this reason all applications designed for GUS should work (at least + after minor modifications). For example gmod/xgmod and playmidi -g are + known to work. + + To work SoftOSS will require GUS compatible + patch files to be installed on the system (in /dos/ultrasnd/midi). You + can use the public domain MIDIA patchset available from several ftp + sites. + + ********************************************************************* + IMPORTANT NOTICE! The original patch set distributed with the Gravis + Ultrasound card is not in public domain (even though it's available from + some FTP sites). You should contact Voice Crystal (www.voicecrystal.com) + if you like to use these patches with SoftOSS included in OSS/Free. + ********************************************************************* + +PSS based cards (AD1848 + ADSP-2115 + Echo ESC614 ASIC) + Analog Devices and Echo Speech have together defined a sound card + architecture based on the above chips. The DSP chip is used + for emulation of SB Pro, FM and General MIDI/MT32. + + There are several cards based on this architecture. The most known + ones are Orchid SW32 and Cardinal DSP16. + + The driver supports downloading DSP algorithms to these cards. + + NOTE! You will have to use the "old" config script when configuring + PSS cards. + +MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro + The ATP card is built around a CS4231 codec and an OPL4 synthesizer + chips. The OPL4 mode is supported by a microcontroller running a + General MIDI emulator. There is also a SB 1.5 compatible playback mode. + +Ensoniq SoundScape and compatibles + Ensoniq has designed a sound card architecture based on the + OTTO synthesizer chip used in their professional MIDI synthesizers. + Several companies (including Ensoniq, Reveal and Spea) are selling + cards based on this architecture. + + NOTE! The SoundScape PnP is not supported by OSS/Free. Ensoniq VIVO and + VIVO90 cards are not compatible with Soundscapes so the Soundscape + driver will not work with them. You may want to use OSS/Linux with these + cards. + +OPTi MAD16 and Mozart based cards + The Mozart (OAK OTI-601), MAD16 (OPTi 82C928), MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929), + OPTi 82C924/82C925 (in _non_ PnP mode) and OPTi 82C930 interface + chips are used in many different sound cards, including some + cards by Reveal miro and Turtle Beach (Tropez). The purpose of these + chips is to connect other audio components to the PC bus. The + interface chip performs address decoding for the other chips. + NOTE! Tropez Plus is not MAD16 but CS4232 based. + NOTE! MAD16 PnP cards (82C924, 82C925, 82C931) are not MAD16 compatible + in the PnP mode. You will have to use them in MSS mode after having + initialized them using isapnptools or DOS. 82C931 probably requires + initialization using DOS/Windows (running isapnptools is not enough). + It's possible to use 82C931 with OSS/Free by jumpering it to non-PnP + mode (provided that the card has a jumper for this). In non-PnP mode + 82C931 is compatible with 82C930 and should work with the MAD16 driver + (without need to use isapnptools or DOS to initialize it). All OPTi + chips are supported by OSS/Linux (both in PnP and non-PnP modes). + +Audio Excel DSP16 + Support for this card was written by Riccardo Faccetti + (riccardo@cdc8g5.cdc.polimi.it). The AEDSP16 driver included in + the lowlevel/ directory. To use it you should enable the + "Additional low level drivers" option. + +Crystal CS4232 and CS4236 based cards such as AcerMagic S23, TB Tropez _Plus_ and + many PC motherboards (Compaq, HP, Intel, ...) + CS4232 is a PnP multimedia chip which contains a CS3231A codec, + SB and MPU401 emulations. There is support for OPL3 too. + Unfortunately the MPU401 mode doesn't work (I don't know how to + initialize it). CS4236 is an enhanced (compatible) version of CS4232. + NOTE! Don't ever try to use isapnptools with CS4232 since this will just + freeze your machine (due to chip bugs). If you have problems in getting + CS4232 working you could try initializing it with DOS (CS4232C.EXE) and + then booting Linux using loadlin. CS4232C.EXE loads a secret firmware + patch which is not documented by Crystal. + +Turtle Beach Maui and Tropez "classic" + This driver version supports sample, patch and program loading commands + described in the Maui/Tropez User's manual. + There is now full initialization support too. The audio side of + the Tropez is based on the MAD16 chip (see above). + NOTE! Tropez Plus is different card than Tropez "classic" and will not + work fully in Linux. You can get audio features working by configuring + the card as a CS4232 based card (above). + + +Jumpers and software configuration +================================== + +Some of the earliest sound cards were jumper configurable. You have to +configure the driver use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings +that match the jumpers. Just few 8 bit cards are fully jumper +configurable (SB 1.x/2.x, SB Pro and clones). +Some cards made by Aztech have an EEPROM which contains the +config info. These cards behave much like hardware jumpered cards. + +Most cards have jumper for the base I/O address but other parameters +are software configurable. Sometimes there are few other jumpers too. + +Latest cards are fully software configurable or they are PnP ISA +compatible. There are no jumpers on the board. + +The driver handles software configurable cards automatically. Just configure +the driver to use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings which are known to work. +You could usually use the same values than with DOS and/or Windows. +Using different settings is possible but not recommended since it may cause +some trouble (for example when warm booting from an OS to another or +when installing new hardware to the machine). + +Sound driver sets the soft configurable parameters of the card automatically +during boot. Usually you don't need to run any extra initialization +programs when booting Linux but there are some exceptions. See the +card-specific instructions below for more info. + +The drawback of software configuration is that the driver needs to know +how the card must be initialized. It cannot initialize unknown cards +even if they are otherwise compatible with some other cards (like SB, +MPU401 or Windows Sound System). + + +What if your card was not listed above? +======================================= + +The first thing to do is to look at the major IC chips on the card. +Many of the latest sound cards are based on some standard chips. If you +are lucky, all of them could be supported by the driver. The most common ones +are the OPTi MAD16, Mozart, SoundScape (Ensoniq) and the PSS architectures +listed above. Also look at the end of this file for list of unsupported +cards and the ones which could be supported later. + +The last resort is to send _exact_ name and model information of the card +to me together with a list of the major IC chips (manufactured, model) to +me. I could then try to check if your card looks like something familiar. + +There are many more cards in the world than listed above. The first thing to +do with these cards is to check if they emulate some other card or interface +such as SB, MSS and/or MPU401. In this case there is a chance to get the +card to work by booting DOS before starting Linux (boot DOS, hit ctrl-alt-del +and boot Linux without hard resetting the machine). In this method the +DOS based driver initializes the hardware to use known I/O, IRQ and DMA +settings. If sound driver is configured to use the same settings, everything +should work OK. + + +Configuring sound driver (with Linux) +===================================== + +The sound driver is currently distributed as part of the Linux kernel. The +files are in /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/. + +**************************************************************************** +* ALWAYS USE THE SOUND DRIVER VERSION WHICH IS DISTRIBUTED WITH * +* THE KERNEL SOURCE PACKAGE YOU ARE USING. SOME ALPHA AND BETA TEST * +* VERSIONS CAN BE INSTALLED FROM A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED PACKAGE * +* BUT CHECK THAT THE PACKAGE IS NOT MUCH OLDER (OR NEWER) THAN THE * +* KERNEL YOU ARE USING. IT'S POSSIBLE THAT THE KERNEL/DRIVER * +* INTERFACE CHANGES BETWEEN KERNEL RELEASES WHICH MAY CAUSE SOME * +* INCOMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS. * +* * +* IN CASE YOU INSTALL A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED SOUND DRIVER VERSION, * +* BE SURE TO REMOVE OR RENAME THE OLD SOUND DRIVER DIRECTORY BEFORE * +* INSTALLING THE NEW ONE. LEAVING OLD FILES TO THE SOUND DRIVER * +* DIRECTORY _WILL_ CAUSE PROBLEMS WHEN THE DRIVER IS USED OR * +* COMPILED. * +**************************************************************************** + +To configure the driver, run "make config" in the kernel source directory +(/usr/src/linux). Answer "y" or "m" to the question about Sound card support +(after the questions about mouse, CD-ROM, ftape, etc. support). Questions +about options for sound will then be asked. + +After configuring the kernel and sound driver and compile the kernel +following instructions in the kernel README. + +The sound driver configuration dialog +------------------------------------- + +Sound configuration starts by making some yes/no questions. Be careful +when answering to these questions since answering y to a question may +prevent some later ones from being asked. For example don't answer y to +the first question (PAS16) if you don't really have a PAS16. Don't enable +more cards than you really need since they just consume memory. Also +some drivers (like MPU401) may conflict with your SCSI controller and +prevent kernel from booting. If you card was in the list of supported +cards (above), please look at the card specific config instructions +(later in this file) before starting to configure. Some cards must be +configured in way which is not obvious. + +So here is the beginning of the config dialog. Answer 'y' or 'n' to these +questions. The default answer is shown so that (y/n) means 'y' by default and +(n/y) means 'n'. To use the default value, just hit ENTER. But be careful +since using the default _doesn't_ guarantee anything. + +Note also that all questions may not be asked. The configuration program +may disable some questions depending on the earlier choices. It may also +select some options automatically as well. + + "ProAudioSpectrum 16 support", + - Answer 'y'_ONLY_ if you have a Pro Audio Spectrum _16_, + Pro Audio Studio 16 or Logitech SoundMan 16 (be sure that + you read the above list correctly). Don't answer 'y' if you + have some other card made by Media Vision or Logitech since they + are not PAS16 compatible. + NOTE! Since 3.5-beta10 you need to enable SB support (next question) + if you want to use the SB emulation of PAS16. It's also possible to + the emulation if you want to use a true SB card together with PAS16 + (there is another question about this that is asked later). + "Sound Blaster support", + - Answer 'y' if you have an original SB card made by Creative Labs + or a full 100% hardware compatible clone (like Thunderboard or + SM Games). If your card was in the list of supported cards (above), + please look at the card specific instructions later in this file + before answering this question. For an unknown card you may answer + 'y' if the card claims to be SB compatible. + Enable this option also with PAS16 (changed since v3.5-beta9). + + Don't enable SB if you have a MAD16 or Mozart compatible card. + + "Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support", + - Answer 'y' if your card has a FM chip made by Yamaha (OPL2/OPL3/OPL4). + Answering 'y' is usually a safe and recommended choice. However some + cards may have software (TSR) FM emulation. Enabling FM support + with these cards may cause trouble. However I don't currently know + such cards. + "Gravis Ultrasound support", + - Answer 'y' if you have GUS or GUS MAX. Answer 'n' if you don't + have GUS since the GUS driver consumes much memory. + Currently I don't have experiences with the GUS ACE so I don't + know what to answer with it. + "MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16)", + - Be careful with this question. The MPU401 interface is supported + by almost any sound card today. However some natively supported cards + have their own driver for MPU401. Enabling the MPU401 option with + these cards will cause a conflict. Also enabling MPU401 on a system + that doesn't really have a MPU401 could cause some trouble. If your + card was in the list of supported cards (above), please look at + the card specific instructions later in this file. + + In MOST cases this MPU401 driver should only be used with "true" + MIDI-only MPU401 professional cards. In most other cases there + is another way to get the MPU401 compatible interface of a + sound card to work. + Support for the MPU401 compatible MIDI port of SB16, ESS1688 + and MV Jazz16 cards is included in the SB driver. Use it instead + of this separate MPU401 driver with these cards. As well + Soundscape, PSS and Maui drivers include their own MPU401 + options. + + It's safe to answer 'y' if you have a true MPU401 MIDI interface + card. + "6850 UART Midi support", + - It's safe to answer 'n' to this question in all cases. The 6850 + UART interface is so rarely used. + "PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support", + - Answer 'y' only if you have Orchid SW32, Cardinal DSP16 or some + other card based on the PSS chipset (AD1848 codec + ADSP-2115 + DSP chip + Echo ESC614 ASIC CHIP). + "16 bit sampling option of GUS (_NOT_ GUS MAX)", + - Answer 'y' if you have installed the 16 bit sampling daughtercard + to your GUS. Answer 'n' if you have GUS MAX. Enabling this option + disables GUS MAX support. + "GUS MAX support", + - Answer 'y' only if you have a GUS MAX. + "Microsoft Sound System support", + - Again think carefully before answering 'y' to this question. It's + safe to answer 'y' in case you have the original Windows Sound + System card made by Microsoft or Aztech SG 16 Pro (or NX16 Pro). + Also you may answer 'y' in case your card was not listed earlier + in this file. For cards having native support in the driver, consult + the card specific instructions later in this file. Some drivers + have their own MSS support and enabling this option will cause a + conflict. + Note! The MSS driver permits configuring two DMA channels. This is a + "nonstandard" feature and works only with very few cards (if any). + In most cases the second DMA channel should be disabled or set to + the same channel than the first one. Trying to configure two separate + channels with cards that don't support this feature will prevent + audio (at least recording) from working. + "Ensoniq Soundscape support", + - Answer 'y' if you have a sound card based on the Ensoniq SoundScape + chipset. Such cards are being manufactured at least by Ensoniq, + Spea and Reveal (note that Reveal makes other cards also). The oldest + cards made by Spea don't work properly with Linux. + Soundscape PnP as well as Ensoniq VIVO work only with the commercial + OSS/Linux version. + "MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro support", + - Answer 'y' if you have the AudioTrix Pro. + "Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards", + - Answer y if your card has a Mozart (OAK OTI-601) or MAD16 + (OPTi 82C928, 82C929, 82C924/82C925 or 82C930) audio interface chip. + These chips are + currently quite common so it's possible that many no-name cards + have one of them. In addition the MAD16 chip is used in some + cards made by known manufacturers such as Turtle Beach (Tropez), + Reveal (some models) and Diamond (some recent models). + Note OPTi 82C924 and 82C925 are MAD16 compatible only in non PnP + mode (jumper selectable on many cards). + "Support for TB Maui" + - This enables TB Maui specific initialization. Works with TB Maui + and TB Tropez (may not work with Tropez Plus). + + +Then the configuration program asks some y/n questions about the higher +level services. It's recommended to answer 'y' to each of these questions. +Answer 'n' only if you know you will not need the option. + + "MIDI interface support", + - Answering 'n' disables /dev/midi## devices and access to any + MIDI ports using /dev/sequencer and /dev/music. This option + also affects any MPU401 and/or General MIDI compatible devices. + "FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support", + - Answer 'y' here. + "/dev/sequencer support", + - Answering 'n' disables /dev/sequencer and /dev/music. + +Entering the I/O, IRQ and DMA config parameters +----------------------------------------------- + +After the above questions the configuration program prompts for the +card specific configuration information. Usually just a set of +I/O address, IRQ and DMA numbers are asked. With some cards the program +asks for some files to be used during initialization of the card. For example +many cards have a DSP chip or microprocessor which must be initialized by +downloading a program (microcode) file to the card. + +Instructions for answering these questions are given in the next section. + + +Card specific information +========================= + +This section gives additional instructions about configuring some cards. +Please refer manual of your card for valid I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers. Using +the same settings with DOS/Windows and Linux is recommended. Using +different values could cause some problems when switching between +different operating systems. + +Sound Blasters (the original ones by Creative) +--------------------------------------------- + +NOTE! Check if you have a PnP Sound Blaster (cards sold after summer 1995 + are almost certainly PnP ones). With PnP cards you should use isapnptools + to activate them (see above). + +It's possible to configure these cards to use different I/O, IRQ and +DMA settings. Since the possible/default settings have changed between various +models, you have to consult manual of your card for the proper ones. It's +a good idea to use the same values than with DOS/Windows. With SB and SB Pro +it's the only choice. SB16 has software selectable IRQ and DMA channels but +using different values with DOS and Linux is likely to cause troubles. The +DOS driver is not able to reset the card properly after warm boot from Linux +if Linux has used different IRQ or DMA values. + +The original (steam) Sound Blaster (versions 1.x and 2.x) use always +DMA1. There is no way to change it. + +The SB16 needs two DMA channels. A 8 bit one (1 or 3) is required for +8 bit operation and a 16 bit one (5, 6 or 7) for the 16 bit mode. In theory +it's possible to use just one (8 bit) DMA channel by answering the 8 bit +one when the configuration program asks for the 16 bit one. This may work +in some systems but is likely to cause terrible noise on some other systems. + +It's possible to use two SB16/32/64 at the same time. To do this you should +first configure OSS/Free for one card. Then edit local.h manually and define +SB2_BASE, SB2_IRQ, SB2_DMA and SB2_DMA2 for the second one. You can't get +the OPL3, MIDI and EMU8000 devices of the second card to work. If you are +going to use two PnP Sound Blasters, ensure that they are of different model +and have different PnP IDs. There is no way to get two cards with the same +card ID and serial number to work. The easiest way to check this is trying +if isapnptools can see both cards or just one. + +NOTE! Don't enable the SM Games option (asked by the configuration program) + if you are not 101% sure that your card is a Logitech Soundman Games + (not a SM Wave or SM16). + +SB Clones +--------- + +First of all: There are no SB16 clones. There are SB Pro clones with a +16 bit mode which is not SB16 compatible. The most likely alternative is that +the 16 bit mode means MSS/WSS. + +There are just a few fully 100% hardware SB or SB Pro compatible cards. +I know just Thunderboard and SM Games. Other cards require some kind of +hardware initialization before they become SB compatible. Check if your card +was listed in the beginning of this file. In this case you should follow +instructions for your card later in this file. + +For other not fully SB clones you may try initialization using DOS in +the following way: + + - Boot DOS so that the card specific driver gets run. + - Hit ctrl-alt-del (or use loadlin) to boot Linux. Don't + switch off power or press the reset button. + - If you use the same I/O, IRQ and DMA settings in Linux, the + card should work. + +If your card is both SB and MSS compatible, I recommend using the MSS mode. +Most cards of this kind are not able to work in the SB and the MSS mode +simultaneously. Using the MSS mode provides 16 bit recording and playback. + +ProAudioSpectrum 16 and compatibles +----------------------------------- + +PAS16 has a SB emulation chip which can be used together with the native +(16 bit) mode of the card. To enable this emulation you should configure +the driver to have SB support too (this has been changed since version +3.5-beta9 of this driver). + +With current driver versions it's also possible to use PAS16 together with +another SB compatible card. In this case you should configure SB support +for the other card and to disable the SB emulation of PAS16 (there is a +separate questions about this). + +With PAS16 you can use two audio device files at the same time. /dev/dsp (and +/dev/audio) is connected to the 8/16 bit native codec and the /dev/dsp1 (and +/dev/audio1) is connected to the SB emulation (8 bit mono only). + +Gravis Ultrasound +----------------- + +There are many different revisions of the Ultrasound card (GUS). The +earliest ones (pre 3.7) don't have a hardware mixer. With these cards +the driver uses a software emulation for synth and pcm playbacks. It's +also possible to switch some of the inputs (line in, mic) off by setting +mixer volume of the channel level below 10%. For recording you have +to select the channel as a recording source and to use volume above 10%. + +GUS 3.7 has a hardware mixer. + +GUS MAX and the 16 bit sampling daughtercard have a CS4231 codec chip which +also contains a mixer. + +Configuring GUS is simple. Just enable the GUS support and GUS MAX or +the 16 bit daughtercard if you have them. Note that enabling the daughter +card disables GUS MAX driver. + +NOTE for owners of the 16 bit daughtercard: By default the daughtercard +uses /dev/dsp (and /dev/audio). Command "ln -sf /dev/dsp1 /dev/dsp" +selects the daughter card as the default device. + +With just the standard GUS enabled the configuration program prompts +for the I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers for the card. Use the same values than +with DOS. + +With the daughter card option enabled you will be prompted for the I/O, +IRQ and DMA numbers for the daughter card. You have to use different I/O +and DMA values than for the standard GUS. The daughter card permits +simultaneous recording and playback. Use /dev/dsp (the daughtercard) for +recording and /dev/dsp1 (GUS GF1) for playback. + +GUS MAX uses the same I/O address and IRQ settings than the original GUS +(GUS MAX = GUS + a CS4231 codec). In addition an extra DMA channel may be used. +Using two DMA channels permits simultaneous playback using two devices +(dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The second DMA channel is required for +full duplex audio. +To enable the second DMA channels, give a valid DMA channel when the config +program asks for the GUS MAX DMA (entering -1 disables the second DMA). +Using 16 bit DMA channels (5,6 or 7) is recommended. + +If you have problems in recording with GUS MAX, you could try to use +just one 8 bit DMA channel. Recording will not work with one DMA +channel if it's a 16 bit one. + +Microphone input of GUS MAX is connected to mixer in little bit nonstandard +way. There is actually two microphone volume controls. Normal "mic" controls +only recording level. Mixer control "speaker" is used to control volume of +microphone signal connected directly to line/speaker out. So just decrease +volume of "speaker" if you have problems with microphone feedback. + +GUS ACE works too but any attempt to record or to use the MIDI port +will fail. + +GUS PnP (with RAM) is partially supported but it needs to be initialized using +DOS or isapnptools before starting the driver. + +MPU401 and Windows Sound System +------------------------------- + +Again. Don't enable these options in case your card is listed +somewhere else in this file. + +Configuring these cards is obvious (or it should be). With MSS +you should probably enable the OPL3 synth also since +most MSS compatible cards have it. However check that this is true +before enabling OPL3. + +Sound driver supports more than one MPU401 compatible cards at the same time +but the config program asks config info for just the first of them. +Adding the second or third MPU interfaces must be done manually by +editing sound/local.h (after running the config program). Add defines for +MPU2_BASE & MPU2_IRQ (and MPU3_BASE & MPU3_IRQ) to the file. + +CAUTION! + +The default I/O base of Adaptec AHA-1542 SCSI controller is 0x330 which +is also the default of the MPU401 driver. Don't configure the sound driver to +use 0x330 as the MPU401 base if you have a AHA1542. The kernel will not boot +if you make this mistake. + +PSS +--- + +Even the PSS cards are compatible with SB, MSS and MPU401, you must not +enable these options when configuring the driver. The configuration +program handles these options itself. (You may use the SB, MPU and MSS options +together with PSS if you have another card on the system). + +The PSS driver enables MSS and MPU401 modes of the card. SB is not enabled +since it doesn't work concurrently with MSS. The driver loads also a +DSP algorithm which is used to for the general MIDI emulation. The +algorithm file (.ld) is read by the config program and written to a +file included when the pss.c is compiled. For this reason the config +program asks if you want to download the file. Use the genmidi.ld file +distributed with the DOS/Windows drivers of the card (don't use the mt32.ld). +With some cards the file is called 'synth.ld'. You must have access to +the file when configuring the driver. The easiest way is to mount the DOS +partition containing the file with Linux. + +It's possible to load your own DSP algorithms and run them with the card. +Look at the directory pss_test of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz for more info. + +AudioTrix Pro +------------- + +You have to enable the OPL3 and SB (not SB Pro or SB16) drivers in addition +to the native AudioTrix driver. Don't enable MSS or MPU drivers. + +Configuring ATP is little bit tricky since it uses so many I/O, IRQ and +DMA numbers. Using the same values than with DOS/Win is a good idea. Don't +attempt to use the same IRQ or DMA channels twice. + +The SB mode of ATP is implemented so the ATP driver just enables SB +in the proper address. The SB driver handles the rest. You have to configure +both the SB driver and the SB mode of ATP to use the same IRQ, DMA and I/O +settings. + +Also the ATP has a microcontroller for the General MIDI emulation (OPL4). +For this reason the driver asks for the name of a file containing the +microcode (TRXPRO.HEX). This file is usually located in the directory +where the DOS drivers were installed. You must have access to this file +when configuring the driver. + +If you have the effects daughtercard, it must be initialized by running +the setfx program of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. This step is not required +when using the (future) binary distribution version of the driver. + +Ensoniq SoundScape +------------------ + +NOTE! The new PnP SoundScape is not supported yet. Soundscape compatible + cards made by Reveal don't work with Linux. They use older revision + of the Soundscape chipset which is not fully compatible with + newer cards made by Ensoniq. + +The SoundScape driver handles initialization of MSS and MPU supports +itself so you don't need to enable other drivers than SoundScape +(enable also the /dev/dsp, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports). + +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +!!!!! !!!! +!!!!! NOTE! Before version 3.5-beta6 there WERE two sets of audio !!!! +!!!!! device files (/dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The first one WAS !!!! +!!!!! used only for card initialization and the second for audio !!!! +!!!!! purposes. It WAS required to change /dev/dsp (a symlink) to !!!! +!!!!! point to /dev/dsp1. !!!! +!!!!! !!!! +!!!!! This is not required with OSS versions 3.5-beta6 and later !!!! +!!!!! since there is now just one audio device file. Please !!!! +!!!!! change /dev/dsp to point back to /dev/dsp0 if you are !!!! +!!!!! upgrading from an earlier driver version using !!!! +!!!!! (cd /dev;rm dsp;ln -s dsp0 dsp). !!!! +!!!!! !!!! +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! + +The configuration program asks one DMA channel and two interrupts. One IRQ +and one DMA is used by the MSS codec. The second IRQ is required for the +MPU401 mode (you have to use different IRQs for both purposes). +There were earlier two DMA channels for SoundScape but the current driver +version requires just one. + +The SoundScape card has a Motorola microcontroller which must initialized +_after_ boot (the driver doesn't initialize it during boot). +The initialization is done by running the 'ssinit' program which is +distributed in the snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. You have to edit two +defines in the ssinit.c and then compile the program. You may run ssinit +manually (after each boot) or add it to /etc/rc.d/rc.local. + +The ssinit program needs the microcode file that comes with the DOS/Windows +driver of the card. You will need to use version 1.30.00 or later +of the microcode file (sndscape.co0 or sndscape.co1 depending on +your card model). THE OLD sndscape.cod WILL NOT WORK. IT WILL HANG YOUR +MACHINE. The only way to get the new microcode file is to download +and install the DOS/Windows driver from ftp://ftp.ensoniq.com/pub. + +Then you have to select the proper microcode file to use: soundscape.co0 +is the right one for most cards and sndscape.co1 is for few (older) cards +made by Reveal and/or Spea. The driver has capability to detect the card +version during boot. Look at the boot log messages in /var/adm/messages +and locate the sound driver initialization message for the SoundScape +card. If the driver displays string <Ensoniq Soundscape (old)>, you have +an old card and you will need to use sndscape.co1. For other cards use +soundscape.co0. New Soundscape revisions such as Elite and PnP use +code files with higher numbers (.co2, .co3, etc.). + +NOTE! Ensoniq Soundscape VIVO is not compatible with other Soundscape cards. + Currently it's possible to use it in Linux only with OSS/Linux + drivers. + +Check /var/adm/messages after running ssinit. The driver prints +the board version after downloading the microcode file. That version +number must match the number in the name of the microcode file (extension). + +Running ssinit with a wrong version of the sndscape.co? file is not +dangerous as long as you don't try to use a file called sndscape.cod. +If you have initialized the card using a wrong microcode file (sounds +are terrible), just modify ssinit.c to use another microcode file and try +again. It's possible to use an earlier version of sndscape.co[01] but it +may sound weird. + +MAD16 (Pro) and Mozart +---------------------- + +You need to enable just the MAD16 /Mozart support when configuring +the driver. _Don't_ enable SB, MPU401 or MSS. However you will need the +/dev/audio, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports. + +Mozart and OPTi 82C928 (the original MAD16) chips don't support +MPU401 mode so enter just 0 when the configuration program asks the +MPU/MIDI I/O base. The MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929) and 82C930 chips have MPU401 +mode. + +TB Tropez is based on the 82C929 chip. It has two MIDI ports. +The one connected to the MAD16 chip is the second one (there is a second +MIDI connector/pins somewhere??). If you have not connected the second MIDI +port, just disable the MIDI port of MAD16. The 'Maui' compatible synth of +Tropez is jumper configurable and not connected to the MAD16 chip (the +Maui driver can be used with it). + +Some MAD16 based cards may cause feedback, whistle or terrible noise if the +line3 mixer channel is turned too high. This happens at least with Shuttle +Sound System. Current driver versions set volume of line3 low enough so +this should not be a problem. + +If you have a MAD16 card which have an OPL4 (FM + Wave table) synthesizer +chip (_not_ an OPL3), you have to append a line containing #define MAD16_OPL4 +to the file linux/drivers/sound/local.h (after running make config). + +MAD16 cards having a CS4231 codec support full duplex mode. This mode +can be enabled by configuring the card to use two DMA channels. Possible +DMA channel pairs are: 0&1, 1&0 and 3&0. + +NOTE! Cards having an OPTi 82C924/82C925 chip work with OSS/Free only in +non-PnP mode (usually jumper selectable). The PnP mode is supported only +by OSS/Linux. + +MV Jazz (ProSonic) +------------------ + +The Jazz16 driver is just a hack made to the SB Pro driver. However it works +fairly well. You have to enable SB, SB Pro (_not_ SB16) and MPU401 supports +when configuring the driver. The configuration program asks later if you +want support for MV Jazz16 based cards (after asking SB base address). Answer +'y' here and the driver asks the second (16 bit) DMA channel. + +The Jazz16 driver uses the MPU401 driver in a way which will cause +problems if you have another MPU401 compatible card. In this case you must +give address of the Jazz16 based MPU401 interface when the config +program prompts for the MPU401 information. Then look at the MPU401 +specific section for instructions about configuring more than one MPU401 cards. + +Logitech Soundman Wave +---------------------- + +Read the above MV Jazz specific instructions first. + +The Logitech SoundMan Wave (don't confuse this with the SM16 or SM Games) is +a MV Jazz based card which has an additional OPL4 based wave table +synthesizer. The OPL4 chip is handled by an on board microcontroller +which must be initialized during boot. The config program asks if +you have a SM Wave immediately after asking the second DMA channel of jazz16. +If you answer 'y', the config program will ask name of the file containing +code to be loaded to the microcontroller. The file is usually called +MIDI0001.BIN and it's located in the DOS/Windows driver directory. The file +may also be called as TSUNAMI.BIN or something else (older cards?). + +The OPL4 synth will be inaccessible without loading the microcontroller code. + +Also remember to enable SB MPU401 support if you want to use the OPL4 mode. +(Don't enable the 'normal' MPU401 device as with some earlier driver +versions (pre 3.5-alpha8)). + +NOTE! Don't answer 'y' when the driver asks about SM Games support + (the next question after the MIDI0001.BIN name). However + answering 'y' doesn't cause damage your computer so don't panic. + +Sound Galaxies +-------------- + +There are many different Sound Galaxy cards made by Aztech. The 8 bit +ones are fully SB or SB Pro compatible and there should be no problems +with them. + +The older 16 bit cards (SG Pro16, SG NX Pro16, Nova and Lyra) have +an EEPROM chip for storing the configuration data. There is a microcontroller +which initializes the card to match the EEPROM settings when the machine +is powered on. These cards actually behave just like they have jumpers +for all of the settings. Configure driver for MSS, MPU, SB/SB Pro and OPL3 +supports with these cards. + +There are some new Sound Galaxies in the market. I have no experience with +them so read the card's manual carefully. + +ESS ES1688 and ES688 'AudioDrive' based cards +--------------------------------------------- + +Support for these two ESS chips is embedded in the SB driver. +Configure these cards just like SB. Enable the 'SB MPU401 MIDI port' +if you want to use MIDI features of ES1688. ES688 doesn't have MPU mode +so you don't need to enable it (the driver uses normal SB MIDI automatically +with ES688). + +NOTE! ESS cards are not compatible with MSS/WSS so don't worry if MSS support +of OSS doesn't work with it. + +There are some ES1688/688 based sound cards and (particularly) motherboards +which use software configurable I/O port relocation feature of the chip. +This ESS proprietary feature is supported only by OSS/Linux. + +There are ES1688 based cards which use different interrupt pin assignment than +recommended by ESS (5, 7, 9/2 and 10). In this case all IRQs don't work. +At least a card called (Pearl?) Hypersound 16 supports IRQ 15 but it doesn't +work. + +ES1868 is a PnP chip which is (supposed to be) compatible with ESS1688 +probably works with OSS/Free after initialization using isapnptools. + +Reveal cards +------------ + +There are several different cards made/marketed by Reveal. Some of them +are compatible with SoundScape and some use the MAD16 chip. You may have +to look at the card and try to identify its origin. + +Diamond +------- + +The oldest (Sierra Aria based) sound cards made by Diamond are not supported +(they may work if the card is initialized using DOS). The recent (LX?) +models are based on the MAD16 chip which is supported by the driver. + +Audio Excel DSP16 +----------------- + +Support for this card is currently not functional. A new driver for it +should be available later this year. + +PCMCIA cards +------------ + +Sorry, can't help. Some cards may work and some don't. + +TI TM4000M notebooks +-------------------- + +These computers have a built in sound support based on the Jazz chipset. +Look at the instructions for MV Jazz (above). It's also important to note +that there is something wrong with the mouse port and sound at least on +some TM models. Don't enable the "C&T 82C710 mouse port support" when +configuring Linux. Having it enabled is likely to cause mysterious problems +and kernel failures when sound is used. + +miroSOUND +--------- + +The miroSOUND PCM1-pro, PCM12 and PCM20 radio has been used +successfully. These cards are based on the MAD16, OPL4, and CS4231A chips +and everything said in the section about MAD16 cards applies here, +too. The only major difference between the PCMxx and other MAD16 cards +is that instead of the mixer in the CS4231 codec a separate mixer +controlled by an on-board 80C32 microcontroller is used. Control of +the mixer takes place via the ACI (miro's audio control interface) +protocol that is implemented in a separate lowlevel driver. Make sure +you compile this ACI driver together with the normal MAD16 support +when you use a miroSOUND PCMxx card. The ACI mixer is controlled by +/dev/mixer and the CS4231 mixer by /dev/mixer1 (depends on load +time). Only in special cases you want to change something regularly on +the CS4231 mixer. + +The miroSOUND PCM12 and PCM20 radio is capable of full duplex +operation (simultaneous PCM replay and recording), which allows you to +implement nice real-time signal processing audio effect software and +network telephones. The ACI mixer has to be switched into the "solo" +mode for duplex operation in order to avoid feedback caused by the +mixer (input hears output signal). You can de-/activate this mode +through toggleing the record button for the wave controller with an +OSS-mixer. + +The PCM20 contains a radio tuner, which is also controlled by +ACI. This radio tuner is supported by the ACI driver together with the +miropcm20.o module. Also the 7-band equalizer is integrated +(limited by the OSS-design). Developement has started and maybe +finished for the RDS decoder on this card, too. You will be able to +read RadioText, the Programme Service name, Programme TYpe and +others. Even the v4l radio module benefits from it with a refined +strength value. See aci.[ch] and miropcm20*.[ch] for more details. + +The following configuration parameters have worked fine for the PCM12 +in Markus Kuhn's system, many other configurations might work, too: +CONFIG_MAD16_BASE=0x530, CONFIG_MAD16_IRQ=11, CONFIG_MAD16_DMA=3, +CONFIG_MAD16_DMA2=0, CONFIG_MAD16_MPU_BASE=0x330, CONFIG_MAD16_MPU_IRQ=10, +DSP_BUFFSIZE=65536, SELECTED_SOUND_OPTIONS=0x00281000. + +Bas van der Linden is using his PCM1-pro with a configuration that +differs in: CONFIG_MAD16_IRQ=7, CONFIG_MAD16_DMA=1, CONFIG_MAD16_MPU_IRQ=9 + +Compaq Deskpro XL +----------------- + +The builtin sound hardware of Compaq Deskpro XL is now supported. +You need to configure the driver with MSS and OPL3 supports enabled. +In addition you need to manually edit linux/drivers/sound/local.h and +to add a line containing "#define DESKPROXL" if you used +make menuconfig/xconfig. + +Others? +------- + +Since there are so many different sound cards, it's likely that I have +forgotten to mention many of them. Please inform me if you know yet another +card which works with Linux, please inform me (or is anybody else +willing to maintain a database of supported cards (just like in XF86)?). + +Cards not supported yet +======================= + +Please check the version of sound driver you are using before +complaining that your card is not supported. It's possible you are +using a driver version which was released months before your card was +introduced. + +First of all, there is an easy way to make most sound cards work with Linux. +Just use the DOS based driver to initialize the card to a known state, then use +loadlin.exe to boot Linux. If Linux is configured to use the same I/O, IRQ and +DMA numbers as DOS, the card could work. +(ctrl-alt-del can be used in place of loadlin.exe but it doesn't work with +new motherboards). This method works also with all/most PnP sound cards. + +Don't get fooled with SB compatibility. Most cards are compatible with +SB but that may require a TSR which is not possible with Linux. If +the card is compatible with MSS, it's a better choice. Some cards +don't work in the SB and MSS modes at the same time. + +Then there are cards which are no longer manufactured and/or which +are relatively rarely used (such as the 8 bit ProAudioSpectrum +models). It's extremely unlikely that such cards ever get supported. +Adding support for a new card requires much work and increases time +required in maintaining the driver (some changes need to be done +to all low level drivers and be tested too, maybe with multiple +operating systems). For this reason I have made a decision to not support +obsolete cards. It's possible that someone else makes a separately +distributed driver (diffs) for the card. + +Writing a driver for a new card is not possible if there are no +programming information available about the card. If you don't +find your new card from this file, look from the home page +(http://www.opensound.com/ossfree). Then please contact +manufacturer of the card and ask if they have (or are willing to) +released technical details of the card. Do this before contacting me. I +can only answer 'no' if there are no programming information available. + +I have made decision to not accept code based on reverse engineering +to the driver. There are three main reasons: First I don't want to break +relationships to sound card manufacturers. The second reason is that +maintaining and supporting a driver without any specs will be a pain. +The third reason is that companies have freedom to refuse selling their +products to other than Windows users. + +Some companies don't give low level technical information about their +products to public or at least their require signing a NDA. It's not +possible to implement a freeware driver for them. However it's possible +that support for such cards become available in the commercial version +of this driver (see http://www.4Front-tech.com/oss.html for more info). + +There are some common audio chipsets that are not supported yet. For example +Sierra Aria and IBM Mwave. It's possible that these architectures +get some support in future but I can't make any promises. Just look +at the home page (http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/new_cards.html) +for latest info. + +Information about unsupported sound cards and chipsets is welcome as well +as free copies of sound cards, SDKs and operating systems. + +If you have any corrections and/or comments, please contact me. + +Hannu Savolainen +hannu@opensound.com + +Personal home page: http://www.compusonic.fi/~hannu +home page of OSS/Free: http://www.opensound.com/ossfree + +home page of commercial OSS +(Open Sound System) drivers: http://www.opensound.com/oss.html |