diff options
| author | Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> | 2008-11-12 12:39:21 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> | 2008-11-12 12:39:21 +0100 |
| commit | 708b8eae0fd532af73ea8350e6dcc10255ff7376 (patch) | |
| tree | f336436934fd79bc91aff7112a9beb10bc4e839f /Documentation | |
| parent | mutex: improve header comment to be actually informative about the API (diff) | |
| parent | Merge branch 'timers-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/k... (diff) | |
| download | linux-708b8eae0fd532af73ea8350e6dcc10255ff7376.tar.xz linux-708b8eae0fd532af73ea8350e6dcc10255ff7376.zip | |
Merge branch 'linus' into core/locking
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
50 files changed, 842 insertions, 353 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/00-INDEX b/Documentation/00-INDEX index 7286ad090db7..edef85ce1195 100644 --- a/Documentation/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/00-INDEX @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ i2c/ - directory with info about the I2C bus/protocol (2 wire, kHz speed). i2o/ - directory with info about the Linux I2O subsystem. -i386/ +x86/i386/ - directory with info about Linux on Intel 32 bit architecture. ia64/ - directory with info about Linux on Intel 64 bit architecture. @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ w1/ - directory with documents regarding the 1-wire (w1) subsystem. watchdog/ - how to auto-reboot Linux if it has "fallen and can't get up". ;-) -x86_64/ +x86/x86_64/ - directory with info on Linux support for AMD x86-64 (Hammer) machines. zorro.txt - info on writing drivers for Zorro bus devices found on Amigas. diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile b/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile index fabc06466b93..9b1f6ca100d1 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ quiet_cmd_db2ps = PS $@ %.ps : %.xml $(call cmd,db2ps) -quiet_cmd_db2pdf = PDF $@ +quiet_cmd_db2pdf = PDF $@ cmd_db2pdf = $(subst TYPE,pdf, $($(PDF_METHOD)template)) %.pdf : %.xml $(call cmd,db2pdf) @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ build_main_index = rm -rf $(main_idx) && \ echo '<h2>Kernel Version: $(KERNELVERSION)</h2>' >> $(main_idx) && \ cat $(HTML) >> $(main_idx) -quiet_cmd_db2html = HTML $@ +quiet_cmd_db2html = HTML $@ cmd_db2html = xmlto xhtml $(XMLTOFLAGS) -o $(patsubst %.html,%,$@) $< && \ echo '<a HREF="$(patsubst %.html,%,$(notdir $@))/index.html"> \ $(patsubst %.html,%,$(notdir $@))</a><p>' > $@ diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.tmpl index 9ee6f3cbb414..3ed88126ab8f 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.tmpl @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ <surname>Cox</surname> <affiliation> <address> - <email>alan@redhat.com</email> + <email>alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk</email> </address> </affiliation> </author> @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags) <chapter id="pubfunctions"> <title>Public Functions Provided</title> -!Iinclude/asm-x86/io_32.h +!Iarch/x86/include/asm/io_32.h !Elib/iomap.c </chapter> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl index 9d0058e788e5..5818ff75786a 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl @@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ </sect1> <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title> -!Iinclude/asm-x86/atomic_32.h -!Iinclude/asm-x86/unaligned.h +!Iarch/x86/include/asm/atomic_32.h +!Iarch/x86/include/asm/unaligned.h </sect1> <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title> @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ X!Ilib/string.c !Elib/string.c </sect1> <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title> -!Iinclude/asm-x86/bitops.h +!Iarch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h </sect1> </chapter> @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ X!Ilib/string.c !Emm/slab.c </sect1> <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title> -!Iinclude/asm-x86/uaccess_32.h +!Iarch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h !Earch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c </sect1> <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title> @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ X!Earch/x86/kernel/mca_32.c --> </sect2> <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title> -!Iinclude/asm-x86/mca_dma.h +!Iarch/x86/include/asm/mca_dma.h </sect2> </sect1> </chapter> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl index ae15d55350ec..a50d6cd58573 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl @@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ static struct block_device_operations opt_fops = { </para> <para> - <filename>include/asm-x86/delay_32.h:</filename> + <filename>arch/x86/include/asm/delay.h:</filename> </para> <programlisting> #define ndelay(n) (__builtin_constant_p(n) ? \ @@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ static struct block_device_operations opt_fops = { </programlisting> <para> - <filename>include/asm-x86/uaccess_32.h:</filename> + <filename>arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h:</filename> </para> <programlisting> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/mcabook.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/mcabook.tmpl index 529a53dc1389..467ccac6ec50 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/mcabook.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/mcabook.tmpl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ <surname>Cox</surname> <affiliation> <address> - <email>alan@redhat.com</email> + <email>alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk</email> </address> </affiliation> </author> @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ <chapter id="dmafunctions"> <title>DMA Functions Provided</title> -!Iinclude/asm-x86/mca_dma.h +!Iarch/x86/include/asm/mca_dma.h </chapter> </book> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/wanbook.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/wanbook.tmpl index 9eebcc304de4..8c93db122f04 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/wanbook.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/wanbook.tmpl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ <surname>Cox</surname> <affiliation> <address> - <email>alan@redhat.com</email> + <email>alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk</email> </address> </affiliation> </author> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/z8530book.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/z8530book.tmpl index a42a8a4c7689..6f3883be877e 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/z8530book.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/z8530book.tmpl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ <surname>Cox</surname> <affiliation> <address> - <email>alan@redhat.com</email> + <email>alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk</email> </address> </affiliation> </author> diff --git a/Documentation/ManagementStyle b/Documentation/ManagementStyle index 49a8efa5afeb..a5f0ea58c788 100644 --- a/Documentation/ManagementStyle +++ b/Documentation/ManagementStyle @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ companies. If you sign purchase orders or you have any clue about the budget of your group, you're almost certainly not a kernel manager. These suggestions may or may not apply to you. -First off, I'd suggest buying "Seven Habits of Highly Successful +First off, I'd suggest buying "Seven Habits of Highly Effective People", and NOT read it. Burn it, it's a great symbolic gesture. (*) This document does so not so much by answering the question, but by diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/.gitignore b/Documentation/accounting/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..86485203c4ae --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/accounting/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +getdelays diff --git a/Documentation/arm/empeg/README b/Documentation/arm/empeg/README deleted file mode 100644 index 09cc8d03ae58..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/arm/empeg/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -Empeg, Ltd's Empeg MP3 Car Audio Player - -The initial design is to go in your car, but you can use it at home, on a -boat... almost anywhere. The principle is to store CD-quality music using -MPEG technology onto a hard disk in the unit, and use the power of the -embedded computer to serve up the music you want. - -For more details, see: - - http://www.empeg.com - - - diff --git a/Documentation/arm/empeg/ir.txt b/Documentation/arm/empeg/ir.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 10a297450164..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/arm/empeg/ir.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,49 +0,0 @@ -Infra-red driver documentation. - -Mike Crowe <mac@empeg.com> -(C) Empeg Ltd 1999 - -Not a lot here yet :-) - -The Kenwood KCA-R6A remote control generates a sequence like the following: - -Go low for approx 16T (Around 9000us) -Go high for approx 8T (Around 4000us) -Go low for less than 2T (Around 750us) - -For each of the 32 bits - Go high for more than 2T (Around 1500us) == 1 - Go high for less than T (Around 400us) == 0 - Go low for less than 2T (Around 750us) - -Rather than repeat a signal when the button is held down certain buttons -generate the following code to indicate repetition. - -Go low for approx 16T -Go high for approx 4T -Go low for less than 2T - -(By removing the <2T from the start of the sequence and placing at the end - it can be considered a stop bit but I found it easier to deal with it at - the start). - -The 32 bits are encoded as XxYy where x and y are the actual data values -while X and Y are the logical inverses of the associated data values. Using -LSB first yields sensible codes for the numbers. - -All codes are of the form b9xx - -The numeric keys generate the code 0x where x is the number pressed. - -Tuner 1c -Tape 1d -CD 1e -CD-MD-CH 1f -Track- 0a -Track+ 0b -Rewind 0c -FF 0d -DNPP 5e -Play/Pause 0e -Vol+ 14 -Vol- 15 diff --git a/Documentation/arm/empeg/mkdevs b/Documentation/arm/empeg/mkdevs deleted file mode 100644 index 7a85e28d14f3..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/arm/empeg/mkdevs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -mknod /dev/display c 244 0 -mknod /dev/ir c 242 0 -mknod /dev/usb0 c 243 0 -mknod /dev/audio c 245 4 -mknod /dev/dsp c 245 3 -mknod /dev/mixer c 245 0 -mknod /dev/empeg_state c 246 0 -mknod /dev/radio0 c 81 64 -ln -sf radio0 radio -ln -sf usb0 usb diff --git a/Documentation/auxdisplay/.gitignore b/Documentation/auxdisplay/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7af222860a96 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/auxdisplay/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +cfag12864b-example diff --git a/Documentation/cciss.txt b/Documentation/cciss.txt index 8244c6442faa..89698e8df7d4 100644 --- a/Documentation/cciss.txt +++ b/Documentation/cciss.txt @@ -21,11 +21,14 @@ This driver is known to work with the following cards: * SA E200 * SA E200i * SA E500 + * SA P700m * SA P212 * SA P410 * SA P410i * SA P411 * SA P812 + * SA P712m + * SA P711m Detecting drive failures: ------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/connector/.gitignore b/Documentation/connector/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d2b9c32accd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/connector/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +ucon diff --git a/Documentation/email-clients.txt b/Documentation/email-clients.txt index 2ebb94d6ed8e..a618efab7b15 100644 --- a/Documentation/email-clients.txt +++ b/Documentation/email-clients.txt @@ -213,4 +213,29 @@ TkRat (GUI) Works. Use "Insert file..." or external editor. +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Gmail (Web GUI) + +If you just have to use Gmail to send patches, it CAN be made to work. It +requires a bit of external help, though. + +The first problem is that Gmail converts tabs to spaces. This will +totally break your patches. To prevent this, you have to use a different +editor. There is a firefox extension called "ViewSourceWith" +(https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/394) which allows you to +edit any text box in the editor of your choice. Configure it to launch +your favorite editor. When you want to send a patch, use this technique. +Once you have crafted your messsage + patch, save and exit the editor, +which should reload the Gmail edit box. GMAIL WILL PRESERVE THE TABS. +Hoorah. Apparently you can cut-n-paste literal tabs, but Gmail will +convert those to spaces upon sending! + +The second problem is that Gmail converts tabs to spaces on replies. If +you reply to a patch, don't expect to be able to apply it as a patch. + +The last problem is that Gmail will base64-encode any message that has a +non-ASCII character. That includes things like European names. Be aware. + +Gmail is not convenient for lkml patches, but CAN be made to work. + ### diff --git a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt index 05d71b4b9430..c28a2ac88f9d 100644 --- a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt +++ b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt @@ -56,30 +56,6 @@ Who: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org> --------------------------- -What: old tuner-3036 i2c driver -When: 2.6.28 -Why: This driver is for VERY old i2c-over-parallel port teletext receiver - boxes. Rather then spending effort on converting this driver to V4L2, - and since it is extremely unlikely that anyone still uses one of these - devices, it was decided to drop it. -Who: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> - Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org> - - --------------------------- - -What: V4L2 dpc7146 driver -When: 2.6.28 -Why: Old driver for the dpc7146 demonstration board that is no longer - relevant. The last time this was tested on actual hardware was - probably around 2002. Since this is a driver for a demonstration - board the decision was made to remove it rather than spending a - lot of effort continually updating this driver to stay in sync - with the latest internal V4L2 or I2C API. -Who: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> - Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org> - ---------------------------- - What: PCMCIA control ioctl (needed for pcmcia-cs [cardmgr, cardctl]) When: November 2005 Files: drivers/pcmcia/: pcmcia_ioctl.c diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking index 8362860e21a7..23d2f4460deb 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking @@ -161,8 +161,12 @@ prototypes: int (*set_page_dirty)(struct page *page); int (*readpages)(struct file *filp, struct address_space *mapping, struct list_head *pages, unsigned nr_pages); - int (*prepare_write)(struct file *, struct page *, unsigned, unsigned); - int (*commit_write)(struct file *, struct page *, unsigned, unsigned); + int (*write_begin)(struct file *, struct address_space *mapping, + loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags, + struct page **pagep, void **fsdata); + int (*write_end)(struct file *, struct address_space *mapping, + loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied, + struct page *page, void *fsdata); sector_t (*bmap)(struct address_space *, sector_t); int (*invalidatepage) (struct page *, unsigned long); int (*releasepage) (struct page *, int); @@ -180,8 +184,6 @@ sync_page: no maybe writepages: no set_page_dirty no no readpages: no -prepare_write: no yes yes -commit_write: no yes yes write_begin: no locks the page yes write_end: no yes, unlocks yes perform_write: no n/a yes @@ -191,7 +193,7 @@ releasepage: no yes direct_IO: no launder_page: no yes - ->prepare_write(), ->commit_write(), ->sync_page() and ->readpage() + ->write_begin(), ->write_end(), ->sync_page() and ->readpage() may be called from the request handler (/dev/loop). ->readpage() unlocks the page, either synchronously or via I/O diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt index bbac4f1d9056..3a5ddc96901a 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt @@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ if you want to format from within Linux. VFAT MOUNT OPTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +uid=### -- Set the owner of all files on this filesystem. + The default is the uid of current process. + +gid=### -- Set the group of all files on this filesystem. + The default is the gid of current process. + umask=### -- The permission mask (for files and directories, see umask(1)). The default is the umask of current process. @@ -36,7 +42,7 @@ codepage=### -- Sets the codepage number for converting to shortname characters on FAT filesystem. By default, FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE setting is used. -iocharset=name -- Character set to use for converting between the +iocharset=<name> -- Character set to use for converting between the encoding is used for user visible filename and 16 bit Unicode characters. Long filenames are stored on disk in Unicode format, but Unix for the most part doesn't @@ -86,6 +92,8 @@ check=s|r|n -- Case sensitivity checking setting. r: relaxed, case insensitive n: normal, default setting, currently case insensitive +nocase -- This was deprecated for vfat. Use shortname=win95 instead. + shortname=lower|win95|winnt|mixed -- Shortname display/create setting. lower: convert to lowercase for display, @@ -99,11 +107,31 @@ shortname=lower|win95|winnt|mixed tz=UTC -- Interpret timestamps as UTC rather than local time. This option disables the conversion of timestamps between local time (as used by Windows on FAT) and UTC - (which Linux uses internally). This is particuluarly + (which Linux uses internally). This is particularly useful when mounting devices (like digital cameras) that are set to UTC in order to avoid the pitfalls of local time. +showexec -- If set, the execute permission bits of the file will be + allowed only if the extension part of the name is .EXE, + .COM, or .BAT. Not set by default. + +debug -- Can be set, but unused by the current implementation. + +sys_immutable -- If set, ATTR_SYS attribute on FAT is handled as + IMMUTABLE flag on Linux. Not set by default. + +flush -- If set, the filesystem will try to flush to disk more + early than normal. Not set by default. + +rodir -- FAT has the ATTR_RO (read-only) attribute. But on Windows, + the ATTR_RO of the directory will be just ignored actually, + and is used by only applications as flag. E.g. it's setted + for the customized folder. + + If you want to use ATTR_RO as read-only flag even for + the directory, set this option. + <bool>: 0,1,yes,no,true,false TODO diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt index c4d348dabe94..5579bda58a6d 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ written-back to storage typically in whole pages, however the address_space has finer control of write sizes. The read process essentially only requires 'readpage'. The write -process is more complicated and uses prepare_write/commit_write or +process is more complicated and uses write_begin/write_end or set_page_dirty to write data into the address_space, and writepage, sync_page, and writepages to writeback data to storage. @@ -521,8 +521,6 @@ struct address_space_operations { int (*set_page_dirty)(struct page *page); int (*readpages)(struct file *filp, struct address_space *mapping, struct list_head *pages, unsigned nr_pages); - int (*prepare_write)(struct file *, struct page *, unsigned, unsigned); - int (*commit_write)(struct file *, struct page *, unsigned, unsigned); int (*write_begin)(struct file *, struct address_space *mapping, loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags, struct page **pagep, void **fsdata); @@ -598,37 +596,7 @@ struct address_space_operations { readpages is only used for read-ahead, so read errors are ignored. If anything goes wrong, feel free to give up. - prepare_write: called by the generic write path in VM to set up a write - request for a page. This indicates to the address space that - the given range of bytes is about to be written. The - address_space should check that the write will be able to - complete, by allocating space if necessary and doing any other - internal housekeeping. If the write will update parts of - any basic-blocks on storage, then those blocks should be - pre-read (if they haven't been read already) so that the - updated blocks can be written out properly. - The page will be locked. - - Note: the page _must not_ be marked uptodate in this function - (or anywhere else) unless it actually is uptodate right now. As - soon as a page is marked uptodate, it is possible for a concurrent - read(2) to copy it to userspace. - - commit_write: If prepare_write succeeds, new data will be copied - into the page and then commit_write will be called. It will - typically update the size of the file (if appropriate) and - mark the inode as dirty, and do any other related housekeeping - operations. It should avoid returning an error if possible - - errors should have been handled by prepare_write. - - write_begin: This is intended as a replacement for prepare_write. The - key differences being that: - - it returns a locked page (in *pagep) rather than being - given a pre locked page; - - it must be able to cope with short writes (where the - length passed to write_begin is greater than the number - of bytes copied into the page). - + write_begin: Called by the generic buffered write code to ask the filesystem to prepare to write len bytes at the given offset in the file. The address_space should check that the write will be able to complete, @@ -640,6 +608,9 @@ struct address_space_operations { The filesystem must return the locked pagecache page for the specified offset, in *pagep, for the caller to write into. + It must be able to cope with short writes (where the length passed to + write_begin is greater than the number of bytes copied into the page). + flags is a field for AOP_FLAG_xxx flags, described in include/linux/fs.h. diff --git a/Documentation/ftrace.txt b/Documentation/ftrace.txt index d330fe3103da..9cc4d685dde5 100644 --- a/Documentation/ftrace.txt +++ b/Documentation/ftrace.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Copyright 2008 Red Hat Inc. Reviewers: Elias Oltmanns, Randy Dunlap, Andrew Morton, John Kacur, and David Teigland. -Written for: 2.6.27-rc1 +Written for: 2.6.28-rc2 Introduction ------------ @@ -50,26 +50,26 @@ of ftrace. Here is a list of some of the key files: Note: all time values are in microseconds. - current_tracer : This is used to set or display the current tracer + current_tracer: This is used to set or display the current tracer that is configured. - available_tracers : This holds the different types of tracers that + available_tracers: This holds the different types of tracers that have been compiled into the kernel. The tracers listed here can be configured by echoing their name into current_tracer. - tracing_enabled : This sets or displays whether the current_tracer + tracing_enabled: This sets or displays whether the current_tracer is activated and tracing or not. Echo 0 into this file to disable the tracer or 1 to enable it. - trace : This file holds the output of the trace in a human readable + trace: This file holds the output of the trace in a human readable format (described below). - latency_trace : This file shows the same trace but the information + latency_trace: This file shows the same trace but the information is organized more to display possible latencies in the system (described below). - trace_pipe : The output is the same as the "trace" file but this + trace_pipe: The output is the same as the "trace" file but this file is meant to be streamed with live tracing. Reads from this file will block until new data is retrieved. Unlike the "trace" and "latency_trace" @@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ of ftrace. Here is a list of some of the key files: tracer is not adding more data, they will display the same information every time they are read. - iter_ctrl : This file lets the user control the amount of data + iter_ctrl: This file lets the user control the amount of data that is displayed in one of the above output files. - trace_max_latency : Some of the tracers record the max latency. + trace_max_latency: Some of the tracers record the max latency. For example, the time interrupts are disabled. This time is saved in this file. The max trace will also be stored, and displayed by either @@ -94,29 +94,26 @@ of ftrace. Here is a list of some of the key files: only be recorded if the latency is greater than the value in this file. (in microseconds) - trace_entries : This sets or displays the number of trace - entries each CPU buffer can hold. The tracer buffers - are the same size for each CPU. The displayed number - is the size of the CPU buffer and not total size. The + trace_entries: This sets or displays the number of bytes each CPU + buffer can hold. The tracer buffers are the same size + for each CPU. The displayed number is the size of the + CPU buffer and not total size of all buffers. The trace buffers are allocated in pages (blocks of memory that the kernel uses for allocation, usually 4 KB in size). - Since each entry is smaller than a page, if the last - allocated page has room for more entries than were - requested, the rest of the page is used to allocate - entries. + If the last page allocated has room for more bytes + than requested, the rest of the page will be used, + making the actual allocation bigger than requested. + (Note, the size may not be a multiple of the page size due + to buffer managment overhead.) This can only be updated when the current_tracer - is set to "none". + is set to "nop". - NOTE: It is planned on changing the allocated buffers - from being the number of possible CPUS to - the number of online CPUS. - - tracing_cpumask : This is a mask that lets the user only trace + tracing_cpumask: This is a mask that lets the user only trace on specified CPUS. The format is a hex string representing the CPUS. - set_ftrace_filter : When dynamic ftrace is configured in (see the + set_ftrace_filter: When dynamic ftrace is configured in (see the section below "dynamic ftrace"), the code is dynamically modified (code text rewrite) to disable calling of the function profiler (mcount). This lets tracing be configured @@ -130,14 +127,11 @@ of ftrace. Here is a list of some of the key files: be traced. If a function exists in both set_ftrace_filter and set_ftrace_notrace, the function will _not_ be traced. - available_filter_functions : When a function is encountered the first - time by the dynamic tracer, it is recorded and - later the call is converted into a nop. This file - lists the functions that have been recorded - by the dynamic tracer and these functions can - be used to set the ftrace filter by the above - "set_ftrace_filter" file. (See the section "dynamic ftrace" - below for more details). + available_filter_functions: This lists the functions that ftrace + has processed and can trace. These are the function + names that you can pass to "set_ftrace_filter" or + "set_ftrace_notrace". (See the section "dynamic ftrace" + below for more details.) The Tracers @@ -145,7 +139,7 @@ The Tracers Here is the list of current tracers that may be configured. - ftrace - function tracer that uses mcount to trace all functions. + function - function tracer that uses mcount to trace all functions. sched_switch - traces the context switches between tasks. @@ -166,8 +160,8 @@ Here is the list of current tracers that may be configured. the highest priority task to get scheduled after it has been woken up. - none - This is not a tracer. To remove all tracers from tracing - simply echo "none" into current_tracer. + nop - This is not a tracer. To remove all tracers from tracing + simply echo "nop" into current_tracer. Examples of using the tracer @@ -182,7 +176,7 @@ Output format: Here is an example of the output format of the file "trace" -------- -# tracer: ftrace +# tracer: function # # TASK-PID CPU# TIMESTAMP FUNCTION # | | | | | @@ -192,7 +186,7 @@ Here is an example of the output format of the file "trace" -------- A header is printed with the tracer name that is represented by the trace. -In this case the tracer is "ftrace". Then a header showing the format. Task +In this case the tracer is "function". Then a header showing the format. Task name "bash", the task PID "4251", the CPU that it was running on "01", the timestamp in <secs>.<usecs> format, the function name that was traced "path_put" and the parent function that called this function @@ -291,6 +285,9 @@ explains which is which. CPU#: The CPU which the process was running on. irqs-off: 'd' interrupts are disabled. '.' otherwise. + Note: If the architecture does not support a way to + read the irq flags variable, an 'X' will always + be printed here. need-resched: 'N' task need_resched is set, '.' otherwise. @@ -1000,22 +997,20 @@ is the stack for the hard interrupt. This hides the fact that NEED_RESCHED has been set. We do not see the 'N' until we switch back to the task's assigned stack. -ftrace ------- +function +-------- -ftrace is not only the name of the tracing infrastructure, but it -is also a name of one of the tracers. The tracer is the function -tracer. Enabling the function tracer can be done from the -debug file system. Make sure the ftrace_enabled is set otherwise -this tracer is a nop. +This tracer is the function tracer. Enabling the function tracer +can be done from the debug file system. Make sure the ftrace_enabled is +set; otherwise this tracer is a nop. # sysctl kernel.ftrace_enabled=1 - # echo ftrace > /debug/tracing/current_tracer + # echo function > /debug/tracing/current_tracer # echo 1 > /debug/tracing/tracing_enabled # usleep 1 # echo 0 > /debug/tracing/tracing_enabled # cat /debug/tracing/trace -# tracer: ftrace +# tracer: function # # TASK-PID CPU# TIMESTAMP FUNCTION # | | | | | @@ -1037,10 +1032,10 @@ this tracer is a nop. [...] -Note: ftrace uses ring buffers to store the above entries. The newest data -may overwrite the oldest data. Sometimes using echo to stop the trace -is not sufficient because the tracing could have overwritten the data -that you wanted to record. For this reason, it is sometimes better to +Note: function tracer uses ring buffers to store the above entries. +The newest data may overwrite the oldest data. Sometimes using echo to +stop the trace is not sufficient because the tracing could have overwritten +the data that you wanted to record. For this reason, it is sometimes better to disable tracing directly from a program. This allows you to stop the tracing at the point that you hit the part that you are interested in. To disable the tracing directly from a C program, something like following @@ -1074,18 +1069,31 @@ every kernel function, produced by the -pg switch in gcc), starts of pointing to a simple return. (Enabling FTRACE will include the -pg switch in the compiling of the kernel.) -When dynamic ftrace is initialized, it calls kstop_machine to make -the machine act like a uniprocessor so that it can freely modify code -without worrying about other processors executing that same code. At -initialization, the mcount calls are changed to call a "record_ip" -function. After this, the first time a kernel function is called, -it has the calling address saved in a hash table. - -Later on the ftraced kernel thread is awoken and will again call -kstop_machine if new functions have been recorded. The ftraced thread -will change all calls to mcount to "nop". Just calling mcount -and having mcount return has shown a 10% overhead. By converting -it to a nop, there is no measurable overhead to the system. +At compile time every C file object is run through the +recordmcount.pl script (located in the scripts directory). This +script will process the C object using objdump to find all the +locations in the .text section that call mcount. (Note, only +the .text section is processed, since processing other sections +like .init.text may cause races due to those sections being freed). + +A new section called "__mcount_loc" is created that holds references +to all the mcount call sites in the .text section. This section is +compiled back into the original object. The final linker will add +all these references into a single table. + +On boot up, before SMP is initialized, the dynamic ftrace code +scans this table and updates all the locations into nops. It also +records the locations, which are added to the available_filter_functions +list. Modules are processed as they are loaded and before they are +executed. When a module is unloaded, it also removes its functions from +the ftrace function list. This is automatic in the module unload +code, and the module author does not need to worry about it. + +When tracing is enabled, kstop_machine is called to prevent races +with the CPUS executing code being modified (which can cause the +CPU to do undesireable things), and the nops are patched back +to calls. But this time, they do not call mcount (which is just +a function stub). They now call into the ftrace infrastructure. One special side-effect to the recording of the functions being traced is that we can now selectively choose which functions we @@ -1248,36 +1256,6 @@ Produces: We can see that there's no more lock or preempt tracing. -ftraced -------- - -As mentioned above, when dynamic ftrace is configured in, a kernel -thread wakes up once a second and checks to see if there are mcount -calls that need to be converted into nops. If there are not any, then -it simply goes back to sleep. But if there are some, it will call -kstop_machine to convert the calls to nops. - -There may be a case in which you do not want this added latency. -Perhaps you are doing some audio recording and this activity might -cause skips in the playback. There is an interface to disable -and enable the "ftraced" kernel thread. - - # echo 0 > /debug/tracing/ftraced_enabled - -This will disable the calling of kstop_machine to update the -mcount calls to nops. Remember that there is a large overhead -to calling mcount. Without this kernel thread, that overhead will -exist. - -If there are recorded calls to mcount, any write to the ftraced_enabled -file will cause the kstop_machine to run. This means that a -user can manually perform the updates when they want to by simply -echoing a '0' into the ftraced_enabled file. - -The updates are also done at the beginning of enabling a tracer -that uses ftrace function recording. - - trace_pipe ---------- @@ -1286,14 +1264,14 @@ on the tracing is different. Every read from trace_pipe is consumed. This means that subsequent reads will be different. The trace is live. - # echo ftrace > /debug/tracing/current_tracer + # echo function > /debug/tracing/current_tracer # cat /debug/tracing/trace_pipe > /tmp/trace.out & [1] 4153 # echo 1 > /debug/tracing/tracing_enabled # usleep 1 # echo 0 > /debug/tracing/tracing_enabled # cat /debug/tracing/trace -# tracer: ftrace +# tracer: function # # TASK-PID CPU# TIMESTAMP FUNCTION # | | | | | @@ -1314,7 +1292,7 @@ is live. Note, reading the trace_pipe file will block until more input is added. By changing the tracer, trace_pipe will issue an EOF. We needed -to set the ftrace tracer _before_ cating the trace_pipe file. +to set the function tracer _before_ we "cat" the trace_pipe file. trace entries @@ -1331,10 +1309,10 @@ number of entries. 65620 Note, to modify this, you must have tracing completely disabled. To do that, -echo "none" into the current_tracer. If the current_tracer is not set -to "none", an EINVAL error will be returned. +echo "nop" into the current_tracer. If the current_tracer is not set +to "nop", an EINVAL error will be returned. - # echo none > /debug/tracing/current_tracer + # echo nop > /debug/tracing/current_tracer # echo 100000 > /debug/tracing/trace_entries # cat /debug/tracing/trace_entries 100045 diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis96x b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis96x index 266481fd26e2..70e6a0cc1e15 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis96x +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-sis96x @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ I suspect that this driver could be made to work for the following SiS chipsets as well: 635, and 635T. If anyone owns a board with those chips AND is willing to risk crashing & burning an otherwise well-behaved kernel in the name of progress... please contact me at <mhoffman@lightlink.com> or -via the project's mailing list: <i2c@lm-sensors.org>. Please send bug +via the linux-i2c mailing list: <linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org>. Please send bug reports and/or success stories as well. diff --git a/Documentation/ia64/.gitignore b/Documentation/ia64/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ab806edc8732 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ia64/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +aliasing-test diff --git a/Documentation/input/elantech.txt b/Documentation/input/elantech.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a10c3b6ba7c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/input/elantech.txt @@ -0,0 +1,405 @@ +Elantech Touchpad Driver +======================== + + Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Arjan Opmeer <arjan@opmeer.net> + + Extra information for hardware version 1 found and + provided by Steve Havelka + + Version 2 (EeePC) hardware support based on patches + received from Woody at Xandros and forwarded to me + by user StewieGriffin at the eeeuser.com forum + + +Contents +~~~~~~~~ + + 1. Introduction + 2. Extra knobs + 3. Hardware version 1 + 3.1 Registers + 3.2 Native relative mode 4 byte packet format + 3.3 Native absolute mode 4 byte packet format + 4. Hardware version 2 + 4.1 Registers + 4.2 Native absolute mode 6 byte packet format + 4.2.1 One finger touch + 4.2.2 Two finger touch + + + +1. Introduction + ~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Currently the Linux Elantech touchpad driver is aware of two different +hardware versions unimaginatively called version 1 and version 2. Version 1 +is found in "older" laptops and uses 4 bytes per packet. Version 2 seems to +be introduced with the EeePC and uses 6 bytes per packet. + +The driver tries to support both hardware versions and should be compatible +with the Xorg Synaptics touchpad driver and its graphical configuration +utilities. + +Additionally the operation of the touchpad can be altered by adjusting the +contents of some of its internal registers. These registers are represented +by the driver as sysfs entries under /sys/bus/serio/drivers/psmouse/serio? +that can be read from and written to. + +Currently only the registers for hardware version 1 are somewhat understood. +Hardware version 2 seems to use some of the same registers but it is not +known whether the bits in the registers represent the same thing or might +have changed their meaning. + +On top of that, some register settings have effect only when the touchpad is +in relative mode and not in absolute mode. As the Linux Elantech touchpad +driver always puts the hardware into absolute mode not all information +mentioned below can be used immediately. But because there is no freely +available Elantech documentation the information is provided here anyway for +completeness sake. + + +///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + + +2. Extra knobs + ~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Currently the Linux Elantech touchpad driver provides two extra knobs under +/sys/bus/serio/drivers/psmouse/serio? for the user. + +* debug + + Turn different levels of debugging ON or OFF. + + By echoing "0" to this file all debugging will be turned OFF. + + Currently a value of "1" will turn on some basic debugging and a value of + "2" will turn on packet debugging. For hardware version 1 the default is + OFF. For version 2 the default is "1". + + Turning packet debugging on will make the driver dump every packet + received to the syslog before processing it. Be warned that this can + generate quite a lot of data! + +* paritycheck + + Turns parity checking ON or OFF. + + By echoing "0" to this file parity checking will be turned OFF. Any + non-zero value will turn it ON. For hardware version 1 the default is ON. + For version 2 the default it is OFF. + + Hardware version 1 provides basic data integrity verification by + calculating a parity bit for the last 3 bytes of each packet. The driver + can check these bits and reject any packet that appears corrupted. Using + this knob you can bypass that check. + + It is not known yet whether hardware version 2 provides the same parity + bits. Hence checking is disabled by default. Currently even turning it on + will do nothing. + + +///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + + +3. Hardware version 1 + ================== + +3.1 Registers + ~~~~~~~~~ + +By echoing a hexadecimal value to a register it contents can be altered. + +For example: + + echo -n 0x16 > reg_10 + +* reg_10 + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + B C T D L A S E + + E: 1 = enable smart edges unconditionally + S: 1 = enable smart edges only when dragging + A: 1 = absolute mode (needs 4 byte packets, see reg_11) + L: 1 = enable drag lock (see reg_22) + D: 1 = disable dynamic resolution + T: 1 = disable tapping + C: 1 = enable corner tap + B: 1 = swap left and right button + +* reg_11 + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + 1 0 0 H V 1 F P + + P: 1 = enable parity checking for relative mode + F: 1 = enable native 4 byte packet mode + V: 1 = enable vertical scroll area + H: 1 = enable horizontal scroll area + +* reg_20 + + single finger width? + +* reg_21 + + scroll area width (small: 0x40 ... wide: 0xff) + +* reg_22 + + drag lock time out (short: 0x14 ... long: 0xfe; + 0xff = tap again to release) + +* reg_23 + + tap make timeout? + +* reg_24 + + tap release timeout? + +* reg_25 + + smart edge cursor speed (0x02 = slow, 0x03 = medium, 0x04 = fast) + +* reg_26 + + smart edge activation area width? + + +3.2 Native relative mode 4 byte packet format + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +byte 0: + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + c c p2 p1 1 M R L + + L, R, M = 1 when Left, Right, Middle mouse button pressed + some models have M as byte 3 odd parity bit + when parity checking is enabled (reg_11, P = 1): + p1..p2 = byte 1 and 2 odd parity bit + c = 1 when corner tap detected + +byte 1: + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + dx7 dx6 dx5 dx4 dx3 dx2 dx1 dx0 + + dx7..dx0 = x movement; positive = right, negative = left + byte 1 = 0xf0 when corner tap detected + +byte 2: + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + dy7 dy6 dy5 dy4 dy3 dy2 dy1 dy0 + + dy7..dy0 = y movement; positive = up, negative = down + +byte 3: + parity checking enabled (reg_11, P = 1): + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + w h n1 n0 ds3 ds2 ds1 ds0 + + normally: + ds3..ds0 = scroll wheel amount and direction + positive = down or left + negative = up or right + when corner tap detected: + ds0 = 1 when top right corner tapped + ds1 = 1 when bottom right corner tapped + ds2 = 1 when bottom left corner tapped + ds3 = 1 when top left corner tapped + n1..n0 = number of fingers on touchpad + only models with firmware 2.x report this, models with + firmware 1.x seem to map one, two and three finger taps + directly to L, M and R mouse buttons + h = 1 when horizontal scroll action + w = 1 when wide finger touch? + + otherwise (reg_11, P = 0): + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + ds7 ds6 ds5 ds4 ds3 ds2 ds1 ds0 + + ds7..ds0 = vertical scroll amount and direction + negative = up + positive = down + + +3.3 Native absolute mode 4 byte packet format + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +byte 0: + firmware version 1.x: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + D U p1 p2 1 p3 R L + + L, R = 1 when Left, Right mouse button pressed + p1..p3 = byte 1..3 odd parity bit + D, U = 1 when rocker switch pressed Up, Down + + firmware version 2.x: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + n1 n0 p2 p1 1 p3 R L + + L, R = 1 when Left, Right mouse button pressed + p1..p3 = byte 1..3 odd parity bit + n1..n0 = number of fingers on touchpad + +byte 1: + firmware version 1.x: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + f 0 th tw x9 x8 y9 y8 + + tw = 1 when two finger touch + th = 1 when three finger touch + f = 1 when finger touch + + firmware version 2.x: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + . . . . x9 x8 y9 y8 + +byte 2: + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + x7 x6 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 + + x9..x0 = absolute x value (horizontal) + +byte 3: + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + y7 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0 + + y9..y0 = absolute y value (vertical) + + +///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + + +4. Hardware version 2 + ================== + + +4.1 Registers + ~~~~~~~~~ + +By echoing a hexadecimal value to a register it contents can be altered. + +For example: + + echo -n 0x56 > reg_10 + +* reg_10 + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + 0 1 0 1 0 1 D 0 + + D: 1 = enable drag and drop + +* reg_11 + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + 1 0 0 0 S 0 1 0 + + S: 1 = enable vertical scroll + +* reg_21 + + unknown (0x00) + +* reg_22 + + drag and drop release time out (short: 0x70 ... long 0x7e; + 0x7f = never i.e. tap again to release) + + +4.2 Native absolute mode 6 byte packet format + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +4.2.1 One finger touch + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +byte 0: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + n1 n0 . . . . R L + + L, R = 1 when Left, Right mouse button pressed + n1..n0 = numbers of fingers on touchpad + +byte 1: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + x15 x14 x13 x12 x11 x10 x9 x8 + +byte 2: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + x7 x6 x5 x4 x4 x2 x1 x0 + + x15..x0 = absolute x value (horizontal) + +byte 3: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + . . . . . . . . + +byte 4: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + y15 y14 y13 y12 y11 y10 y8 y8 + +byte 5: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + y7 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0 + + y15..y0 = absolute y value (vertical) + + +4.2.2 Two finger touch + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +byte 0: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + n1 n0 ay8 ax8 . . R L + + L, R = 1 when Left, Right mouse button pressed + n1..n0 = numbers of fingers on touchpad + +byte 1: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + ax7 ax6 ax5 ax4 ax3 ax2 ax1 ax0 + + ax8..ax0 = first finger absolute x value + +byte 2: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + ay7 ay6 ay5 ay4 ay3 ay2 ay1 ay0 + + ay8..ay0 = first finger absolute y value + +byte 3: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + . . by8 bx8 . . . . + +byte 4: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + bx7 bx6 bx5 bx4 bx3 bx2 bx1 bx0 + + bx8..bx0 = second finger absolute x value + +byte 5: + + bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 + by7 by8 by5 by4 by3 by2 by1 by0 + + by8..by0 = second finger absolute y value diff --git a/Documentation/io-mapping.txt b/Documentation/io-mapping.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..473e43b2d588 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/io-mapping.txt @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +The io_mapping functions in linux/io-mapping.h provide an abstraction for +efficiently mapping small regions of an I/O device to the CPU. The initial +usage is to support the large graphics aperture on 32-bit processors where +ioremap_wc cannot be used to statically map the entire aperture to the CPU +as it would consume too much of the kernel address space. + +A mapping object is created during driver initialization using + + struct io_mapping *io_mapping_create_wc(unsigned long base, + unsigned long size) + + 'base' is the bus address of the region to be made + mappable, while 'size' indicates how large a mapping region to + enable. Both are in bytes. + + This _wc variant provides a mapping which may only be used + with the io_mapping_map_atomic_wc or io_mapping_map_wc. + +With this mapping object, individual pages can be mapped either atomically +or not, depending on the necessary scheduling environment. Of course, atomic +maps are more efficient: + + void *io_mapping_map_atomic_wc(struct io_mapping *mapping, + unsigned long offset) + + 'offset' is the offset within the defined mapping region. + Accessing addresses beyond the region specified in the + creation function yields undefined results. Using an offset + which is not page aligned yields an undefined result. The + return value points to a single page in CPU address space. + + This _wc variant returns a write-combining map to the + page and may only be used with mappings created by + io_mapping_create_wc + + Note that the task may not sleep while holding this page + mapped. + + void io_mapping_unmap_atomic(void *vaddr) + + 'vaddr' must be the the value returned by the last + io_mapping_map_atomic_wc call. This unmaps the specified + page and allows the task to sleep once again. + +If you need to sleep while holding the lock, you can use the non-atomic +variant, although they may be significantly slower. + + void *io_mapping_map_wc(struct io_mapping *mapping, + unsigned long offset) + + This works like io_mapping_map_atomic_wc except it allows + the task to sleep while holding the page mapped. + + void io_mapping_unmap(void *vaddr) + + This works like io_mapping_unmap_atomic, except it is used + for pages mapped with io_mapping_map_wc. + +At driver close time, the io_mapping object must be freed: + + void io_mapping_free(struct io_mapping *mapping) + +Current Implementation: + +The initial implementation of these functions uses existing mapping +mechanisms and so provides only an abstraction layer and no new +functionality. + +On 64-bit processors, io_mapping_create_wc calls ioremap_wc for the whole +range, creating a permanent kernel-visible mapping to the resource. The +map_atomic and map functions add the requested offset to the base of the +virtual address returned by ioremap_wc. + +On 32-bit processors with HIGHMEM defined, io_mapping_map_atomic_wc uses +kmap_atomic_pfn to map the specified page in an atomic fashion; +kmap_atomic_pfn isn't really supposed to be used with device pages, but it +provides an efficient mapping for this usage. + +On 32-bit processors without HIGHMEM defined, io_mapping_map_atomic_wc and +io_mapping_map_wc both use ioremap_wc, a terribly inefficient function which +performs an IPI to inform all processors about the new mapping. This results +in a significant performance penalty. diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/CREDITS b/Documentation/isdn/CREDITS index 8cac6c2f23ee..c1679e913fca 100644 --- a/Documentation/isdn/CREDITS +++ b/Documentation/isdn/CREDITS @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ I want to thank all who contributed to this project and especially to: Thomas Bogendörfer (tsbogend@bigbug.franken.de) Tester, lots of bugfixes and hints. -Alan Cox (alan@redhat.com) +Alan Cox (alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk) For help getting into standard-kernel. Henner Eisen (eis@baty.hanse.de) diff --git a/Documentation/ja_JP/HOWTO b/Documentation/ja_JP/HOWTO index 0775cf4798b2..55476982b5ca 100644 --- a/Documentation/ja_JP/HOWTO +++ b/Documentation/ja_JP/HOWTO @@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ for non English (read: Japanese) speakers and is not intended as a fork. So if you have any comments or updates for this file, please try to update the original English file first. -Last Updated: 2008/08/21 +Last Updated: 2008/10/24 ================================== これは、 -linux-2.6.27/Documentation/HOWTO +linux-2.6.28/Documentation/HOWTO の和訳です。 翻訳団体： JF プロジェクト < http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/ > -翻訳日： 2008/8/5 +翻訳日： 2008/10/24 翻訳者： Tsugikazu Shibata <tshibata at ab dot jp dot nec dot com> 校正者： 松倉さん <nbh--mats at nifty dot com> 小林 雅典さん (Masanori Kobayasi) <zap03216 at nifty dot ne dot jp> @@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ Linux カーネルソースツリーは幅広い範囲のドキュメントを 新しいドキュメントファイルも追加することを勧めます。 カーネルの変更が、カーネルがユーザ空間に公開しているインターフェイスの 変更を引き起こす場合、その変更を説明するマニュアルページのパッチや情報 -をマニュアルページのメンテナ mtk.manpages@gmail.com に送ることを勧めま -す。 +をマニュアルページのメンテナ mtk.manpages@gmail.com に送り、CC を +linux-api@ver.kernel.org に送ることを勧めます。 以下はカーネルソースツリーに含まれている読んでおくべきファイルの一覧で す- @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ Linux カーネルソースツリーは幅広い範囲のドキュメントを この他にパッチを作る方法についてのよくできた記述は- "The Perfect Patch" - http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt + http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt "Linux kernel patch submission format" http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html @@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ Linux カーネルコミュニティは、一度に大量のコードの塊を これについて全てがどのようにあるべきかについての詳細は、以下のドキュメ ントの ChangeLog セクションを見てください- "The Perfect Patch" - http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt + http://userweb.kernel.org/~akpm/stuff/tpp.txt これらのどれもが、時にはとても困難です。これらの慣例を完璧に実施するに は数年かかるかもしれません。これは継続的な改善のプロセスであり、そのた diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index 343e0f0f84b6..c86c07459712 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ parameter is applicable: X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled. X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled. More X86-64 boot options can be found in - Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt . + Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt . X86 Either 32bit or 64bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64) In addition, the following text indicates that the option: @@ -112,10 +112,10 @@ In addition, the following text indicates that the option: Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly. Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme -need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>. +need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/i386/boot.txt>. There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here. -See for example <Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt>. +See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>. Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will @@ -995,13 +995,15 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number> or - <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order) + <cpu number>-<cpu number> + (must be a positive range in ascending order) or a mixture <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number> + This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling - algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off - an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls. + algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an + "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset. <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is "number of CPUs in system - 1". @@ -1222,7 +1224,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception - mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt + mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level See Documentation/md.txt. @@ -1470,8 +1472,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Valid arguments: on, off Default: on - noirqbalance [X86-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing - noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and disable unhandled interrupt sources. @@ -1728,7 +1728,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file See Documentation/paride.txt. pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup - See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt. + See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt. plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 } @@ -2343,7 +2343,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt. vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode - See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and + See Documentation/x86/i386/boot.txt and Documentation/svga.txt. Use vga=ask for menu. This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is diff --git a/Documentation/lguest/Makefile b/Documentation/lguest/Makefile index bac037eb1cda..725eef81cd48 100644 --- a/Documentation/lguest/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/lguest/Makefile @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # This creates the demonstration utility "lguest" which runs a Linux guest. -CFLAGS:=-Wall -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -O3 -I../../include +CFLAGS:=-Wall -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -O3 -I../../include -I../../arch/x86/include LDLIBS:=-lz all: lguest diff --git a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c index 7228369d1014..804520633fcf 100644 --- a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c +++ b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ #include "linux/virtio_console.h" #include "linux/virtio_rng.h" #include "linux/virtio_ring.h" -#include "asm-x86/bootparam.h" +#include "asm/bootparam.h" /*L:110 We can ignore the 39 include files we need for this program, but I do * want to draw attention to the use of kernel-style types. * @@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ static unsigned long load_bzimage(int fd) void *p = from_guest_phys(0x100000); /* Go back to the start of the file and read the header. It should be - * a Linux boot header (see Documentation/i386/boot.txt) */ + * a Linux boot header (see Documentation/x86/i386/boot.txt) */ lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET); read(fd, &boot, sizeof(boot)); diff --git a/Documentation/networking/.gitignore b/Documentation/networking/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..286a5680f490 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +ifenslave diff --git a/Documentation/networking/dmfe.txt b/Documentation/networking/dmfe.txt index b1b7499dd9d3..8006c227fda2 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/dmfe.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/dmfe.txt @@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ Tobias Ringstrom <tori@unhappy.mine.nu> : Current Maintainer Contributors: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@conectiva.com.br> -Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com> +Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com> Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz> diff --git a/Documentation/pcmcia/.gitignore b/Documentation/pcmcia/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..53d081336757 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/pcmcia/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +crc32hash diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt index 02ea9a971b8e..0ab0230cbcb0 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt @@ -41,25 +41,14 @@ Table of Contents VI - System-on-a-chip devices and nodes 1) Defining child nodes of an SOC 2) Representing devices without a current OF specification - a) MDIO IO device - b) Gianfar-compatible ethernet nodes - c) PHY nodes - d) Interrupt controllers - e) I2C - f) Freescale SOC USB controllers - g) Freescale SOC SEC Security Engines - h) Board Control and Status (BCSR) - i) Freescale QUICC Engine module (QE) - j) CFI or JEDEC memory-mapped NOR flash - k) Global Utilities Block - l) Freescale Communications Processor Module - m) Chipselect/Local Bus - n) 4xx/Axon EMAC ethernet nodes - o) Xilinx IP cores - p) Freescale Synchronous Serial Interface - q) USB EHCI controllers - r) MDIO on GPIOs - s) SPI busses + a) PHY nodes + b) Interrupt controllers + c) CFI or JEDEC memory-mapped NOR flash + d) 4xx/Axon EMAC ethernet nodes + e) Xilinx IP cores + f) USB EHCI controllers + g) MDIO on GPIOs + h) SPI busses VII - Marvell Discovery mv64[345]6x System Controller chips 1) The /system-controller node @@ -1830,41 +1819,7 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. big-endian; }; - r) Freescale Display Interface Unit - - The Freescale DIU is a LCD controller, with proper hardware, it can also - drive DVI monitors. - - Required properties: - - compatible : should be "fsl-diu". - - reg : should contain at least address and length of the DIU register - set. - - Interrupts : one DIU interrupt should be describe here. - - Example (MPC8610HPCD) - display@2c000 { - compatible = "fsl,diu"; - reg = <0x2c000 100>; - interrupts = <72 2>; - interrupt-parent = <&mpic>; - }; - - s) Freescale on board FPGA - - This is the memory-mapped registers for on board FPGA. - - Required properities: - - compatible : should be "fsl,fpga-pixis". - - reg : should contain the address and the lenght of the FPPGA register - set. - - Example (MPC8610HPCD) - board-control@e8000000 { - compatible = "fsl,fpga-pixis"; - reg = <0xe8000000 32>; - }; - - r) MDIO on GPIOs + g) MDIO on GPIOs Currently defined compatibles: - virtual,gpio-mdio @@ -1884,7 +1839,7 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. &qe_pio_c 6>; }; - s) SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) busses + h) SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) busses SPI busses can be described with a node for the SPI master device and a set of child nodes for each SPI slave on the bus. For this diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/00-INDEX b/Documentation/scheduler/00-INDEX index fc234d093fbf..aabcc3a089ba 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/00-INDEX @@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ sched-arch.txt - CPU Scheduler implementation hints for architecture specific code. sched-coding.txt - reference for various scheduler-related methods in the O(1) scheduler. -sched-design.txt - - goals, design and implementation of the Linux O(1) scheduler. sched-design-CFS.txt - goals, design and implementation of the Complete Fair Scheduler. sched-domains.txt diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt index 9d8eb553884c..eb471c7a905e 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ other HZ detail. Thus the CFS scheduler has no notion of "timeslices" in the way the previous scheduler had, and has no heuristics whatsoever. There is only one central tunable (you have to switch on CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG): - /proc/sys/kernel/sched_granularity_ns + /proc/sys/kernel/sched_min_granularity_ns which can be used to tune the scheduler from "desktop" (i.e., low latencies) to "server" (i.e., good batching) workloads. It defaults to a setting suitable diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt b/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt index 709ca991a451..ddace3afc83b 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Supported Cards/Chipsets People ------------------------- -Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com> +Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> (updates for new-style PCI probing and SCSI host registration, small cleanups/fixes) Matt Domsch <matt_domsch@dell.com> (revision ioctl, adapter messages) diff --git a/Documentation/sh/new-machine.txt b/Documentation/sh/new-machine.txt index 5482bf5d005b..f0354164cb0e 100644 --- a/Documentation/sh/new-machine.txt +++ b/Documentation/sh/new-machine.txt @@ -47,9 +47,7 @@ Next, for companion chips: `-- sh `-- cchips `-- hd6446x - |-- hd64461 - | `-- cchip-specific files - `-- hd64465 + `-- hd64461 `-- cchip-specific files ... and so on. Headers for the companion chips are treated the same way as diff --git a/Documentation/spi/.gitignore b/Documentation/spi/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4280576397e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/spi/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +spidev_fdx +spidev_test diff --git a/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt b/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt index 4cfc78835bc1..a452227361b1 100644 --- a/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt +++ b/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Rules on what kind of patches are accepted, and which ones are not, into the marked CONFIG_BROKEN), an oops, a hang, data corruption, a real security issue, or some "oh, that's not good" issue. In short, something critical. + - New device IDs and quirks are also accepted. - No "theoretical race condition" issues, unless an explanation of how the race can be exploited is also provided. - It cannot contain any "trivial" fixes in it (spelling changes, diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt index bde799e06598..a4ccdd1981cf 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt @@ -363,11 +363,21 @@ tainted: Non-zero if the kernel has been tainted. Numeric values, which can be ORed together: - 1 - A module with a non-GPL license has been loaded, this - includes modules with no license. - Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools. - 2 - A module was force loaded by insmod -f. - Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools. - 4 - Unsafe SMP processors: SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP. - 64 - A module from drivers/staging was loaded. + 1 - A module with a non-GPL license has been loaded, this + includes modules with no license. + Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools. + 2 - A module was force loaded by insmod -f. + Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools. + 4 - Unsafe SMP processors: SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP. + 8 - A module was forcibly unloaded from the system by rmmod -f. + 16 - A hardware machine check error occurred on the system. + 32 - A bad page was discovered on the system. + 64 - The user has asked that the system be marked "tainted". This + could be because they are running software that directly modifies + the hardware, or for other reasons. + 128 - The system has died. + 256 - The ACPI DSDT has been overridden with one supplied by the user + instead of using the one provided by the hardware. + 512 - A kernel warning has occurred. +1024 - A module from drivers/staging was loaded. diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/.gitignore b/Documentation/video4linux/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..952703943e8e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +v4lgrab diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/README.cx88 b/Documentation/video4linux/README.cx88 index 06a33a4f52fd..166d5960b1a9 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/README.cx88 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/README.cx88 @@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ audio sound card) should be possible, but there is no code yet ... vbi - - some code present. Doesn't crash any more, but also doesn't - work yet ... + - Code present. Works for NTSC closed caption. PAL and other + TV norms may or may not work. how to add support for new cards diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CONTRIBUTORS b/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CONTRIBUTORS index 8aad6dd93d6b..eb41b2650860 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CONTRIBUTORS +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CONTRIBUTORS @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Contributors to bttv: Michael Chu <mmchu@pobox.com> AverMedia fix and more flexible card recognition -Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com> +Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Video4Linux interface and 2.1.x kernel adaptation Chris Kleitsch diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/si470x.txt b/Documentation/video4linux/si470x.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..11c5fd22a332 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/si470x.txt @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +Driver for USB radios for the Silicon Labs Si470x FM Radio Receivers + +Copyright (c) 2008 Tobias Lorenz <tobias.lorenz@gmx.net> + + +Information from Silicon Labs +============================= +Silicon Laboratories is the manufacturer of the radio ICs, that nowadays are the +most often used radio receivers in cell phones. Usually they are connected with +I2C. But SiLabs also provides a reference design, which integrates this IC, +together with a small microcontroller C8051F321, to form a USB radio. +Part of this reference design is also a radio application in binary and source +code. The software also contains an automatic firmware upgrade to the most +current version. Information on these can be downloaded here: +http://www.silabs.com/usbradio + + +Supported ICs +============= +The following ICs have a very similar register set, so that they are or will be +supported somewhen by the driver: +- Si4700: FM radio receiver +- Si4701: FM radio receiver, RDS Support +- Si4702: FM radio receiver +- Si4703: FM radio receiver, RDS Support +- Si4704: FM radio receiver, no external antenna required +- Si4705: FM radio receiver, no external antenna required, RDS support, Dig I/O +- Si4706: Enhanced FM RDS/TMC radio receiver, no external antenna required, RDS + Support +- Si4707: Dedicated weather band radio receiver with SAME decoder, RDS Support +- Si4708: Smallest FM receivers +- Si4709: Smallest FM receivers, RDS Support +More information on these can be downloaded here: +http://www.silabs.com/products/mcu/Pages/USBFMRadioRD.aspx + + +Supported USB devices +===================== +Currently the following USB radios (vendor:product) with the Silicon Labs si470x +chips are known to work: +- 10c4:818a: Silicon Labs USB FM Radio Reference Design +- 06e1:a155: ADS/Tech FM Radio Receiver (formerly Instant FM Music) (RDX-155-EF) +- 1b80:d700: KWorld USB FM Radio SnapMusic Mobile 700 (FM700) + + +Software +======== +Testing is usually done with most application under Debian/testing: +- fmtools - Utility for managing FM tuner cards +- gnomeradio - FM-radio tuner for the GNOME desktop +- gradio - GTK FM radio tuner +- kradio - Comfortable Radio Application for KDE +- radio - ncurses-based radio application + +There is also a library libv4l, which can be used. It's going to have a function +for frequency seeking, either by using hardware functionality as in radio-si470x +or by implementing a function as we currently have in every of the mentioned +programs. Somewhen the radio programs should make use of libv4l. + +For processing RDS information, there is a project ongoing at: +http://rdsd.berlios.de/ + +There is currently no project for making TMC sentences human readable. + + +Audio Listing +============= +USB Audio is provided by the ALSA snd_usb_audio module. It is recommended to +also select SND_USB_AUDIO, as this is required to get sound from the radio. For +listing you have to redirect the sound, for example using one of the following +commands. + +If you just want to test audio (very poor quality): +cat /dev/dsp1 > /dev/dsp + +If you use OSS try: +sox -2 --endian little -r 96000 -t oss /dev/dsp1 -t oss /dev/dsp + +If you use arts try: +arecord -D hw:1,0 -r96000 -c2 -f S16_LE | artsdsp aplay -B - + + +Module Parameters +================= +After loading the module, you still have access to some of them in the sysfs +mount under /sys/module/radio_si470x/parameters. The contents of read-only files +(0444) are not updated, even if space, band and de are changed using private +video controls. The others are runtime changeable. + + +Errors +====== +Increase tune_timeout, if you often get -EIO errors. + +When timed out or band limit is reached, hw_freq_seek returns -EAGAIN. + +If you get any errors from snd_usb_audio, please report them to the ALSA people. + + +Open Issues +=========== +V4L minor device allocation and parameter setting is not perfect. A solution is +currently under discussion. + +There is an USB interface for downloading/uploading new firmware images. Support +for it can be implemented using the request_firmware interface. + +There is a RDS interrupt mode. The driver is already using the same interface +for polling RDS information, but is currently not using the interrupt mode. + +There is a LED interface, which can be used to override the LED control +programmed in the firmware. This can be made available using the LED support +functions in the kernel. + + +Other useful information and links +================================== +http://www.silabs.com/usbradio diff --git a/Documentation/vm/.gitignore b/Documentation/vm/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..33e8a023df02 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/vm/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +slabinfo diff --git a/Documentation/watchdog/src/.gitignore b/Documentation/watchdog/src/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ac90997dba93 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/watchdog/src/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +watchdog-simple +watchdog-test diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt index 72ffb5373ec7..f6d561a1a9b2 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ APICs nolapic Don't use the local APIC (alias for i386 compatibility) - pirq=... See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt + pirq=... See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt noapictimer Don't set up the APIC timer @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Non Executable Mappings SMP additional_cpus=NUM Allow NUM more CPUs for hotplug - (defaults are specified by the BIOS, see Documentation/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec) + (defaults are specified by the BIOS, see Documentation/x86/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec) NUMA diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets index d1a985c5b00a..33bb56655991 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ amount of system memory that are available to a certain class of tasks. For more information on the features of cpusets, see Documentation/cpusets.txt. There are a number of different configurations you can use for your needs. For more information on the numa=fake command line option and its various ways of -configuring fake nodes, see Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt. +configuring fake nodes, see Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt. For the purposes of this introduction, we'll assume a very primitive NUMA emulation setup of "numa=fake=4*512,". This will split our system memory into |