License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

63 files changed, 63 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/Makefile b/arch/s390/kernel/Makefile
index adb3fe2e3d42..4ce2d05929a7 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/als.c b/arch/s390/kernel/als.c
index 14769eb52a33..d1892bf36cab 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/als.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/als.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2016
  */
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/s390/kernel/asm-offsets.c
index 3d42f91c95fd..0e6d2b032484 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/asm-offsets.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Generate definitions needed by assembly language modules.
  * This code generates raw asm output which is post-processed to extract
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/audit.c b/arch/s390/kernel/audit.c
index f4932c22ebe4..d395c6c9944c 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/audit.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/audit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/audit.h>
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/audit.h b/arch/s390/kernel/audit.h
index 12b56f4b5a73..4d4b596412ec 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/audit.h
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/audit.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ARCH_S390_KERNEL_AUDIT_H
 #define __ARCH_S390_KERNEL_AUDIT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/base.S b/arch/s390/kernel/base.S
index 326f717df587..f6c56009e822 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/base.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/base.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  arch/s390/kernel/base.S
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/cache.c b/arch/s390/kernel/cache.c
index c8a83276a4dc..d66825e53fce 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/cache.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/cache.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Extract CPU cache information and expose them via sysfs.
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_audit.c b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_audit.c
index d6487bf879e5..444fb1f66944 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_audit.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_audit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #undef __s390x__
 #include <asm/unistd.h>
 #include "audit.h"
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.c b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.c
index a3d14161abcb..f04db3779b34 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  S390 version
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2000
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.h b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.h
index a0a886c04977..64509e7dbd3b 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.h
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_S390X_S390_H
 #define _ASM_S390X_S390_H
 
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_ptrace.h b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_ptrace.h
index 12b823833510..3c400fc7e987 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_ptrace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _PTRACE32_H
 #define _PTRACE32_H
 
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_signal.c b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_signal.c
index f549c4657376..a4a1208e3df3 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_signal.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_signal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2006
  *    Author(s): Denis Joseph Barrow (djbarrow@de.ibm.com,barrow_dj@yahoo.com)
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_wrapper.c b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_wrapper.c
index 986642a3543b..d04918583971 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_wrapper.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_wrapper.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Compat system call wrappers.
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/cpcmd.c b/arch/s390/kernel/cpcmd.c
index 63bc6603e0ed..af013b4244d3 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/cpcmd.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/cpcmd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  S390 version
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2007
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/crash_dump.c b/arch/s390/kernel/crash_dump.c
index d628afc26708..9f5ea9d87069 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/crash_dump.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/crash_dump.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * S390 kdump implementation
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/debug.c b/arch/s390/kernel/debug.c
index 1d9e83c401fc..05a9cf4ae9c2 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/debug.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/debug.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *   S/390 debug facility
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/diag.c b/arch/s390/kernel/diag.c
index 349914571772..53a5316cc4b7 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/diag.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/diag.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Implementation of s390 diagnose codes
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/early.c b/arch/s390/kernel/early.c
index 60181caf8e8a..b945448b9eae 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/early.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/early.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2007, 2009
  *    Author(s): Hongjie Yang <hongjie@us.ibm.com>,
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/early_printk.c b/arch/s390/kernel/early_printk.c
index 819cb15c67e8..9431784d7796 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/early_printk.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/early_printk.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2017
  */
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/ebcdic.c b/arch/s390/kernel/ebcdic.c
index 1d5392b36ad8..c15caeab1dbf 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/ebcdic.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/ebcdic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    ECBDIC -> ASCII, ASCII -> ECBDIC,
  *    upper to lower case (EBCDIC) conversion tables.
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/entry.S b/arch/s390/kernel/entry.S
index 21900e1cee9c..c41adce6062c 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/entry.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/entry.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *    S390 low-level entry points.
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/entry.h b/arch/s390/kernel/entry.h
index dbf5f7e18246..905bde782490 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/entry.h
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/entry.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ENTRY_H
 #define _ENTRY_H
 
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/fpu.c b/arch/s390/kernel/fpu.c
index 1235b9438df4..594464f2129d 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/fpu.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/fpu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * In-kernel vector facility support functions
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/ftrace.c b/arch/s390/kernel/ftrace.c
index d03a6d12c4bd..dc76d813e420 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/ftrace.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/ftrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Dynamic function tracer architecture backend.
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/guarded_storage.c b/arch/s390/kernel/guarded_storage.c
index 6f064745c3b1..bff39b66c9ff 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/guarded_storage.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/guarded_storage.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright IBM Corp. 2016
  * Author(s): Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/head.S b/arch/s390/kernel/head.S
index 8ed753c72d9b..b86fa3ee4927 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/head.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/head.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2010
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/head64.S b/arch/s390/kernel/head64.S
index 0d8f2a858ced..172002da7075 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/head64.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/head64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2010
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/head_kdump.S b/arch/s390/kernel/head_kdump.S
index d05950f02c34..174d6959bf5b 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/head_kdump.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/head_kdump.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * S390 kdump lowlevel functions (new kernel)
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/idle.c b/arch/s390/kernel/idle.c
index 9340b2a07935..b9d8fe45737a 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/idle.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/idle.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Idle functions for s390.
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/irq.c b/arch/s390/kernel/irq.c
index a2fdff0e730b..94f2099bceb0 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/irq.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/irq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 2004, 2011
  *    Author(s): Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>,
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/jump_label.c b/arch/s390/kernel/jump_label.c
index 262506cee4c3..43f8430fb67d 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/jump_label.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/jump_label.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Jump label s390 support
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/kdebugfs.c b/arch/s390/kernel/kdebugfs.c
index ee85e17dd79d..2c46bd6c6fd2 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/kdebugfs.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/kdebugfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/machine_kexec.c b/arch/s390/kernel/machine_kexec.c
index 3d0b14afa232..b0ba2c26b45e 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/machine_kexec.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/machine_kexec.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright IBM Corp. 2005, 2011
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/mcount.S b/arch/s390/kernel/mcount.S
index 9a17e4475d27..82df7d80fab2 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/mcount.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/mcount.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright IBM Corp. 2008, 2009
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/os_info.c b/arch/s390/kernel/os_info.c
index 753ba63182b9..0a5e4bafb6ad 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/os_info.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/os_info.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * OS info memory interface
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_cf_events.c b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_cf_events.c
index d3133285b7d1..08bfa17ba0a0 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_cf_events.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_cf_events.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Perf PMU sysfs events attributes for available CPU-measurement counters
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/pgm_check.S b/arch/s390/kernel/pgm_check.S
index 036aa01d06a9..3e62aae34ea3 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/pgm_check.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/pgm_check.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *    Program check table.
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/process.c b/arch/s390/kernel/process.c
index bb32b8618bf6..a4a84fb08046 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/process.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * This file handles the architecture dependent parts of process handling.
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/processor.c b/arch/s390/kernel/processor.c
index 778cd6536175..5362fd868d0d 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/processor.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/processor.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright IBM Corp. 2008
  *  Author(s): Martin Schwidefsky (schwidefsky@de.ibm.com)
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/ptrace.c b/arch/s390/kernel/ptrace.c
index 252ed61a128b..1427d60ce628 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Ptrace user space interface.
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/reipl.S b/arch/s390/kernel/reipl.S
index 89ea8c213d82..a40ebd1d29d0 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/reipl.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/reipl.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp 2000, 2011
  *    Author(s): Holger Smolinski <Holger.Smolinski@de.ibm.com>,
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/relocate_kernel.S b/arch/s390/kernel/relocate_kernel.S
index 4bdc65636603..ca37e5d5b40c 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/relocate_kernel.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/relocate_kernel.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright IBM Corp. 2005
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/runtime_instr.c b/arch/s390/kernel/runtime_instr.c
index 429d3a782f1c..32aefb215e59 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/runtime_instr.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/runtime_instr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright IBM Corp. 2012
  * Author(s): Jan Glauber <jang@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/signal.c b/arch/s390/kernel/signal.c
index 289dd50f9744..2d2960ab3e10 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/signal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2006
  *    Author(s): Denis Joseph Barrow (djbarrow@de.ibm.com,barrow_dj@yahoo.com)
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/smp.c b/arch/s390/kernel/smp.c
index 495ff6959dec..092c4154abd7 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/smp.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/smp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  SMP related functions
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/suspend.c b/arch/s390/kernel/suspend.c
index c8ea715bfe10..a8af9c825628 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/suspend.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/suspend.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Suspend support specific for s390.
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/swsusp.S b/arch/s390/kernel/swsusp.S
index 6bebc935e9c2..e99187149f17 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/swsusp.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/swsusp.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * S390 64-bit swsusp implementation
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/sys_s390.c b/arch/s390/kernel/sys_s390.c
index b7af452978ca..0090037ab148 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/sys_s390.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/sys_s390.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  S390 version
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2000
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/syscalls.S b/arch/s390/kernel/syscalls.S
index 54fce7b065de..d39f121e67a9 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/syscalls.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/syscalls.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * definitions for sys_call_table, each line represents an
  * entry in the table in the form
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/sysinfo.c b/arch/s390/kernel/sysinfo.c
index fb869b103825..a441cba8d165 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/sysinfo.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/sysinfo.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright IBM Corp. 2001, 2009
  *  Author(s): Ulrich Weigand <Ulrich.Weigand@de.ibm.com>,
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/trace.c b/arch/s390/kernel/trace.c
index dde7654f5c68..490b52e85014 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/trace.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/trace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Tracepoint definitions for s390
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/traps.c b/arch/s390/kernel/traps.c
index 442e5423ce3d..a5297a22bc1e 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  S390 version
  *    Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2000
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/uprobes.c b/arch/s390/kernel/uprobes.c
index d94baa8db507..d9d1f512f019 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/uprobes.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/uprobes.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  User-space Probes (UProbes) for s390
  *
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/Makefile b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
index 6cc947896c77..308564b9bf68 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # List of files in the vdso, has to be asm only for now
 
 KCOV_INSTRUMENT := n
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/getcpu.S b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/getcpu.S
index c1ed0b72030f..6e30769dd017 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/getcpu.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/getcpu.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Userland implementation of getcpu() for 32 bits processes in a
  * s390 kernel for use in the vDSO
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/note.S b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/note.S
index 79a071e4357e..db19d0680a0a 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/note.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/note.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This supplies .note.* sections to go into the PT_NOTE inside the vDSO text.
  * Here we can supply some information useful to userland.
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/vdso32.lds.S b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/vdso32.lds.S
index 263a7f9eee1e..721c4954cb6e 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/vdso32.lds.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/vdso32.lds.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This is the infamous ld script for the 32 bits vdso
  * library
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/vdso32_wrapper.S b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/vdso32_wrapper.S
index ae42f8ce350b..de2fb930471a 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/vdso32_wrapper.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/vdso32_wrapper.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <asm/page.h>
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
index 2d54c18089eb..f81ae7998883 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # List of files in the vdso, has to be asm only for now
 
 KCOV_INSTRUMENT := n
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/getcpu.S b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/getcpu.S
index 4cbe98291931..43983764b959 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/getcpu.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/getcpu.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Userland implementation of getcpu() for 64 bits processes in a
  * s390 kernel for use in the vDSO
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/vdso64.lds.S b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/vdso64.lds.S
index 9e3dbbcc1cfc..7ddb116b5e2e 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/vdso64.lds.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/vdso64.lds.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This is the infamous ld script for the 64 bits vdso
  * library
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/vdso64_wrapper.S b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/vdso64_wrapper.S
index c245842b516f..672184998623 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/vdso64_wrapper.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/vdso64_wrapper.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <asm/page.h>
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index 6e2c42bd1c3b..96a713a470e7 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* ld script to make s390 Linux kernel
  * Written by Martin Schwidefsky (schwidefsky@de.ibm.com)
  */