unicode: refactor the rule for regenerating utf8data.h

scripts/mkutf8data is used only when regenerating utf8data.h,
which never happens in the normal kernel build. However, it is
irrespectively built if CONFIG_UNICODE is enabled.

Moreover, there is no good reason for it to reside in the scripts/
directory since it is only used in fs/unicode/.

Hence, move it from scripts/ to fs/unicode/.

In some cases, we bypass build artifacts in the normal build. The
conventional way to do so is to surround the code with ifdef REGENERATE_*.

For example,

 - 7373f4f83c71 ("kbuild: add implicit rules for parser generation")
 - 6aaf49b495b4 ("crypto: arm,arm64 - Fix random regeneration of S_shipped")

I rewrote the rule in a more kbuild'ish style.

In the normal build, utf8data.h is just shipped from the check-in file.

$ make
  [ snip ]
  SHIPPED fs/unicode/utf8data.h
  CC      fs/unicode/utf8-norm.o
  CC      fs/unicode/utf8-core.o
  CC      fs/unicode/utf8-selftest.o
  AR      fs/unicode/built-in.a

If you want to generate utf8data.h based on UCD, put *.txt files into
fs/unicode/, then pass REGENERATE_UTF8DATA=1 from the command line.
The mkutf8data tool will be automatically compiled to generate the
utf8data.h from the *.txt files.

$ make REGENERATE_UTF8DATA=1
  [ snip ]
  HOSTCC  fs/unicode/mkutf8data
  GEN     fs/unicode/utf8data.h
  CC      fs/unicode/utf8-norm.o
  CC      fs/unicode/utf8-core.o
  CC      fs/unicode/utf8-selftest.o
  AR      fs/unicode/built-in.a

I renamed the check-in utf8data.h to utf8data.h_shipped so that this
will work for the out-of-tree build.

You can update it based on the latest UCD like this:

$ make REGENERATE_UTF8DATA=1 fs/unicode/
$ cp fs/unicode/utf8data.h fs/unicode/utf8data.h_shipped

Also, I added entries to .gitignore and dontdiff.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

5 files changed, 3455 insertions, 16 deletions

diff --git a/fs/unicode/.gitignore b/fs/unicode/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0381e2221480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/unicode/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+mkutf8data
+utf8data.h
diff --git a/fs/unicode/Makefile b/fs/unicode/Makefile
index 671d31f83006..d46e9baee285 100644
--- a/fs/unicode/Makefile
+++ b/fs/unicode/Makefile
@@ -5,15 +5,34 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_UNICODE_NORMALIZATION_SELFTEST) += utf8-selftest.o
 
 unicode-y := utf8-norm.o utf8-core.o
 
-# This rule is not invoked during the kernel compilation.  It is used to
-# regenerate the utf8data.h header file.
-utf8data.h.new: *.txt $(objdir)/scripts/mkutf8data
-	$(objdir)/scripts/mkutf8data \
-		-a DerivedAge.txt \
-		-c DerivedCombiningClass.txt \
-		-p DerivedCoreProperties.txt \
-		-d UnicodeData.txt \
-		-f CaseFolding.txt \
-		-n NormalizationCorrections.txt \
-		-t NormalizationTest.txt \
+$(obj)/utf8-norm.o: $(obj)/utf8data.h
+
+# In the normal build, the checked-in utf8data.h is just shipped.
+#
+# To generate utf8data.h from UCD, put *.txt files in this directory
+# and pass REGENERATE_UTF8DATA=1 from the command line.
+ifdef REGENERATE_UTF8DATA
+
+quiet_cmd_utf8data = GEN     $@
+      cmd_utf8data = $< \
+		-a $(srctree)/$(src)/DerivedAge.txt \
+		-c $(srctree)/$(src)/DerivedCombiningClass.txt \
+		-p $(srctree)/$(src)/DerivedCoreProperties.txt \
+		-d $(srctree)/$(src)/UnicodeData.txt \
+		-f $(srctree)/$(src)/CaseFolding.txt \
+		-n $(srctree)/$(src)/NormalizationCorrections.txt \
+		-t $(srctree)/$(src)/NormalizationTest.txt \
 		-o $@
+
+$(obj)/utf8data.h: $(obj)/mkutf8data $(filter %.txt, $(cmd_utf8data)) FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,utf8data)
+
+else
+
+$(obj)/utf8data.h: $(src)/utf8data.h_shipped FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,shipped)
+
+endif
+
+targets += utf8data.h
+hostprogs-y += mkutf8data
diff --git a/fs/unicode/README.utf8data b/fs/unicode/README.utf8data
index dd56ef50c5d5..9307cf0727de 100644
--- a/fs/unicode/README.utf8data
+++ b/fs/unicode/README.utf8data
@@ -55,15 +55,14 @@ released version of the UCD can be found here:
 
   http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/
 
-To build the utf8data.h file, from a kernel tree that has been built,
-cd to this directory (fs/unicode) and run this command:
+Then, build under fs/unicode/ with REGENERATE_UTF8DATA=1:
 
-	make C=../.. objdir=../.. utf8data.h.new
+	make REGENERATE_UTF8DATA=1 fs/unicode/
 
-After sanity checking the newly generated utf8data.h.new file (the
+After sanity checking the newly generated utf8data.h file (the
 version generated from the 12.1.0 UCD should be 4,109 lines long, and
 have a total size of 324k) and/or comparing it with the older version
-of utf8data.h, rename it to utf8data.h.
+of utf8data.h_shipped, rename it to utf8data.h_shipped.
 
 If you are a kernel developer updating to a newer version of the
 Unicode Character Database, please update this README.utf8data file
diff --git a/fs/unicode/mkutf8data.c b/fs/unicode/mkutf8data.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ff2025ac5a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/unicode/mkutf8data.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3419 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 SGI.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc.,  51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+/* Generator for a compact trie for unicode normalization */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/* Default names of the in- and output files. */
+
+#define AGE_NAME	"DerivedAge.txt"
+#define CCC_NAME	"DerivedCombiningClass.txt"
+#define PROP_NAME	"DerivedCoreProperties.txt"
+#define DATA_NAME	"UnicodeData.txt"
+#define FOLD_NAME	"CaseFolding.txt"
+#define NORM_NAME	"NormalizationCorrections.txt"
+#define TEST_NAME	"NormalizationTest.txt"
+#define UTF8_NAME	"utf8data.h"
+
+const char	*age_name  = AGE_NAME;
+const char	*ccc_name  = CCC_NAME;
+const char	*prop_name = PROP_NAME;
+const char	*data_name = DATA_NAME;
+const char	*fold_name = FOLD_NAME;
+const char	*norm_name = NORM_NAME;
+const char	*test_name = TEST_NAME;
+const char	*utf8_name = UTF8_NAME;
+
+int verbose = 0;
+
+/* An arbitrary line size limit on input lines. */
+
+#define LINESIZE	1024
+char line[LINESIZE];
+char buf0[LINESIZE];
+char buf1[LINESIZE];
+char buf2[LINESIZE];
+char buf3[LINESIZE];
+
+const char *argv0;
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/*
+ * Unicode version numbers consist of three parts: major, minor, and a
+ * revision.  These numbers are packed into an unsigned int to obtain
+ * a single version number.
+ *
+ * To save space in the generated trie, the unicode version is not
+ * stored directly, instead we calculate a generation number from the
+ * unicode versions seen in the DerivedAge file, and use that as an
+ * index into a table of unicode versions.
+ */
+#define UNICODE_MAJ_SHIFT		(16)
+#define UNICODE_MIN_SHIFT		(8)
+
+#define UNICODE_MAJ_MAX			((unsigned short)-1)
+#define UNICODE_MIN_MAX			((unsigned char)-1)
+#define UNICODE_REV_MAX			((unsigned char)-1)
+
+#define UNICODE_AGE(MAJ,MIN,REV)			\
+	(((unsigned int)(MAJ) << UNICODE_MAJ_SHIFT) |	\
+	 ((unsigned int)(MIN) << UNICODE_MIN_SHIFT) |	\
+	 ((unsigned int)(REV)))
+
+unsigned int *ages;
+int ages_count;
+
+unsigned int unicode_maxage;
+
+static int age_valid(unsigned int major, unsigned int minor,
+		     unsigned int revision)
+{
+	if (major > UNICODE_MAJ_MAX)
+		return 0;
+	if (minor > UNICODE_MIN_MAX)
+		return 0;
+	if (revision > UNICODE_REV_MAX)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/*
+ * utf8trie_t
+ *
+ * A compact binary tree, used to decode UTF-8 characters.
+ *
+ * Internal nodes are one byte for the node itself, and up to three
+ * bytes for an offset into the tree.  The first byte contains the
+ * following information:
+ *  NEXTBYTE  - flag        - advance to next byte if set
+ *  BITNUM    - 3 bit field - the bit number to tested
+ *  OFFLEN    - 2 bit field - number of bytes in the offset
+ * if offlen == 0 (non-branching node)
+ *  RIGHTPATH - 1 bit field - set if the following node is for the
+ *                            right-hand path (tested bit is set)
+ *  TRIENODE  - 1 bit field - set if the following node is an internal
+ *                            node, otherwise it is a leaf node
+ * if offlen != 0 (branching node)
+ *  LEFTNODE  - 1 bit field - set if the left-hand node is internal
+ *  RIGHTNODE - 1 bit field - set if the right-hand node is internal
+ *
+ * Due to the way utf8 works, there cannot be branching nodes with
+ * NEXTBYTE set, and moreover those nodes always have a righthand
+ * descendant.
+ */
+typedef unsigned char utf8trie_t;
+#define BITNUM		0x07
+#define NEXTBYTE	0x08
+#define OFFLEN		0x30
+#define OFFLEN_SHIFT	4
+#define RIGHTPATH	0x40
+#define TRIENODE	0x80
+#define RIGHTNODE	0x40
+#define LEFTNODE	0x80
+
+/*
+ * utf8leaf_t
+ *
+ * The leaves of the trie are embedded in the trie, and so the same
+ * underlying datatype, unsigned char.
+ *
+ * leaf[0]: The unicode version, stored as a generation number that is
+ *          an index into utf8agetab[].  With this we can filter code
+ *          points based on the unicode version in which they were
+ *          defined.  The CCC of a non-defined code point is 0.
+ * leaf[1]: Canonical Combining Class. During normalization, we need
+ *          to do a stable sort into ascending order of all characters
+ *          with a non-zero CCC that occur between two characters with
+ *          a CCC of 0, or at the begin or end of a string.
+ *          The unicode standard guarantees that all CCC values are
+ *          between 0 and 254 inclusive, which leaves 255 available as
+ *          a special value.
+ *          Code points with CCC 0 are known as stoppers.
+ * leaf[2]: Decomposition. If leaf[1] == 255, then leaf[2] is the
+ *          start of a NUL-terminated string that is the decomposition
+ *          of the character.
+ *          The CCC of a decomposable character is the same as the CCC
+ *          of the first character of its decomposition.
+ *          Some characters decompose as the empty string: these are
+ *          characters with the Default_Ignorable_Code_Point property.
+ *          These do affect normalization, as they all have CCC 0.
+ *
+ * The decompositions in the trie have been fully expanded.
+ *
+ * Casefolding, if applicable, is also done using decompositions.
+ */
+typedef unsigned char utf8leaf_t;
+
+#define LEAF_GEN(LEAF)	((LEAF)[0])
+#define LEAF_CCC(LEAF)	((LEAF)[1])
+#define LEAF_STR(LEAF)	((const char*)((LEAF) + 2))
+
+#define MAXGEN		(255)
+
+#define MINCCC		(0)
+#define MAXCCC		(254)
+#define STOPPER		(0)
+#define DECOMPOSE	(255)
+#define HANGUL		((char)(255))
+
+#define UTF8HANGULLEAF	(12)
+
+struct tree;
+static utf8leaf_t *utf8nlookup(struct tree *, unsigned char *,
+			       const char *, size_t);
+static utf8leaf_t *utf8lookup(struct tree *, unsigned char *, const char *);
+
+unsigned char *utf8data;
+size_t utf8data_size;
+
+utf8trie_t *nfdi;
+utf8trie_t *nfdicf;
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/*
+ * UTF8 valid ranges.
+ *
+ * The UTF-8 encoding spreads the bits of a 32bit word over several
+ * bytes. This table gives the ranges that can be held and how they'd
+ * be represented.
+ *
+ * 0x00000000 0x0000007F: 0xxxxxxx
+ * 0x00000000 0x000007FF: 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ * 0x00000000 0x0000FFFF: 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ * 0x00000000 0x001FFFFF: 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ * 0x00000000 0x03FFFFFF: 111110xx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ * 0x00000000 0x7FFFFFFF: 1111110x 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ *
+ * There is an additional requirement on UTF-8, in that only the
+ * shortest representation of a 32bit value is to be used.  A decoder
+ * must not decode sequences that do not satisfy this requirement.
+ * Thus the allowed ranges have a lower bound.
+ *
+ * 0x00000000 0x0000007F: 0xxxxxxx
+ * 0x00000080 0x000007FF: 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ * 0x00000800 0x0000FFFF: 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ * 0x00010000 0x001FFFFF: 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ * 0x00200000 0x03FFFFFF: 111110xx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ * 0x04000000 0x7FFFFFFF: 1111110x 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ *
+ * Actual unicode characters are limited to the range 0x0 - 0x10FFFF,
+ * 17 planes of 65536 values.  This limits the sequences actually seen
+ * even more, to just the following.
+ *
+ *          0 -     0x7f: 0                     0x7f
+ *       0x80 -    0x7ff: 0xc2 0x80             0xdf 0xbf
+ *      0x800 -   0xffff: 0xe0 0xa0 0x80        0xef 0xbf 0xbf
+ *    0x10000 - 0x10ffff: 0xf0 0x90 0x80 0x80   0xf4 0x8f 0xbf 0xbf
+ *
+ * Even within those ranges not all values are allowed: the surrogates
+ * 0xd800 - 0xdfff should never be seen.
+ *
+ * Note that the longest sequence seen with valid usage is 4 bytes,
+ * the same a single UTF-32 character.  This makes the UTF-8
+ * representation of Unicode strictly smaller than UTF-32.
+ *
+ * The shortest sequence requirement was introduced by:
+ *    Corrigendum #1: UTF-8 Shortest Form
+ * It can be found here:
+ *    http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum1.html
+ *
+ */
+
+#define UTF8_2_BITS     0xC0
+#define UTF8_3_BITS     0xE0
+#define UTF8_4_BITS     0xF0
+#define UTF8_N_BITS     0x80
+#define UTF8_2_MASK     0xE0
+#define UTF8_3_MASK     0xF0
+#define UTF8_4_MASK     0xF8
+#define UTF8_N_MASK     0xC0
+#define UTF8_V_MASK     0x3F
+#define UTF8_V_SHIFT    6
+
+static int utf8encode(char *str, unsigned int val)
+{
+	int len;
+
+	if (val < 0x80) {
+		str[0] = val;
+		len = 1;
+	} else if (val < 0x800) {
+		str[1] = val & UTF8_V_MASK;
+		str[1] |= UTF8_N_BITS;
+		val >>= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		str[0] = val;
+		str[0] |= UTF8_2_BITS;
+		len = 2;
+	} else if (val < 0x10000) {
+		str[2] = val & UTF8_V_MASK;
+		str[2] |= UTF8_N_BITS;
+		val >>= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		str[1] = val & UTF8_V_MASK;
+		str[1] |= UTF8_N_BITS;
+		val >>= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		str[0] = val;
+		str[0] |= UTF8_3_BITS;
+		len = 3;
+	} else if (val < 0x110000) {
+		str[3] = val & UTF8_V_MASK;
+		str[3] |= UTF8_N_BITS;
+		val >>= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		str[2] = val & UTF8_V_MASK;
+		str[2] |= UTF8_N_BITS;
+		val >>= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		str[1] = val & UTF8_V_MASK;
+		str[1] |= UTF8_N_BITS;
+		val >>= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		str[0] = val;
+		str[0] |= UTF8_4_BITS;
+		len = 4;
+	} else {
+		printf("%#x: illegal val\n", val);
+		len = 0;
+	}
+	return len;
+}
+
+static unsigned int utf8decode(const char *str)
+{
+	const unsigned char *s = (const unsigned char*)str;
+	unsigned int unichar = 0;
+
+	if (*s < 0x80) {
+		unichar = *s;
+	} else if (*s < UTF8_3_BITS) {
+		unichar = *s++ & 0x1F;
+		unichar <<= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		unichar |= *s & 0x3F;
+	} else if (*s < UTF8_4_BITS) {
+		unichar = *s++ & 0x0F;
+		unichar <<= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		unichar |= *s++ & 0x3F;
+		unichar <<= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		unichar |= *s & 0x3F;
+	} else {
+		unichar = *s++ & 0x0F;
+		unichar <<= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		unichar |= *s++ & 0x3F;
+		unichar <<= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		unichar |= *s++ & 0x3F;
+		unichar <<= UTF8_V_SHIFT;
+		unichar |= *s & 0x3F;
+	}
+	return unichar;
+}
+
+static int utf32valid(unsigned int unichar)
+{
+	return unichar < 0x110000;
+}
+
+#define HANGUL_SYLLABLE(U)	((U) >= 0xAC00 && (U) <= 0xD7A3)
+
+#define NODE 1
+#define LEAF 0
+
+struct tree {
+	void *root;
+	int childnode;
+	const char *type;
+	unsigned int maxage;
+	struct tree *next;
+	int (*leaf_equal)(void *, void *);
+	void (*leaf_print)(void *, int);
+	int (*leaf_mark)(void *);
+	int (*leaf_size)(void *);
+	int *(*leaf_index)(struct tree *, void *);
+	unsigned char *(*leaf_emit)(void *, unsigned char *);
+	int leafindex[0x110000];
+	int index;
+};
+
+struct node {
+	int index;
+	int offset;
+	int mark;
+	int size;
+	struct node *parent;
+	void *left;
+	void *right;
+	unsigned char bitnum;
+	unsigned char nextbyte;
+	unsigned char leftnode;
+	unsigned char rightnode;
+	unsigned int keybits;
+	unsigned int keymask;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Example lookup function for a tree.
+ */
+static void *lookup(struct tree *tree, const char *key)
+{
+	struct node *node;
+	void *leaf = NULL;
+
+	node = tree->root;
+	while (!leaf && node) {
+		if (node->nextbyte)
+			key++;
+		if (*key & (1 << (node->bitnum & 7))) {
+			/* Right leg */
+			if (node->rightnode == NODE) {
+				node = node->right;
+			} else if (node->rightnode == LEAF) {
+				leaf = node->right;
+			} else {
+				node = NULL;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* Left leg */
+			if (node->leftnode == NODE) {
+				node = node->left;
+			} else if (node->leftnode == LEAF) {
+				leaf = node->left;
+			} else {
+				node = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return leaf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A simple non-recursive tree walker: keep track of visits to the
+ * left and right branches in the leftmask and rightmask.
+ */
+static void tree_walk(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct node *node;
+	unsigned int leftmask;
+	unsigned int rightmask;
+	unsigned int bitmask;
+	int indent = 1;
+	int nodes, singletons, leaves;
+
+	nodes = singletons = leaves = 0;
+
+	printf("%s_%x root %p\n", tree->type, tree->maxage, tree->root);
+	if (tree->childnode == LEAF) {
+		assert(tree->root);
+		tree->leaf_print(tree->root, indent);
+		leaves = 1;
+	} else {
+		assert(tree->childnode == NODE);
+		node = tree->root;
+		leftmask = rightmask = 0;
+		while (node) {
+			printf("%*snode @ %p bitnum %d nextbyte %d"
+			       " left %p right %p mask %x bits %x\n",
+				indent, "", node,
+				node->bitnum, node->nextbyte,
+				node->left, node->right,
+				node->keymask, node->keybits);
+			nodes += 1;
+			if (!(node->left && node->right))
+				singletons += 1;
+
+			while (node) {
+				bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+				if ((leftmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+					leftmask |= bitmask;
+					if (node->leftnode == LEAF) {
+						assert(node->left);
+						tree->leaf_print(node->left,
+								 indent+1);
+						leaves += 1;
+					} else if (node->left) {
+						assert(node->leftnode == NODE);
+						indent += 1;
+						node = node->left;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				if ((rightmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+					rightmask |= bitmask;
+					if (node->rightnode == LEAF) {
+						assert(node->right);
+						tree->leaf_print(node->right,
+								 indent+1);
+						leaves += 1;
+					} else if (node->right) {
+						assert(node->rightnode == NODE);
+						indent += 1;
+						node = node->right;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+				rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+				node = node->parent;
+				indent -= 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	printf("nodes %d leaves %d singletons %d\n",
+	       nodes, leaves, singletons);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate an initialize a new internal node.
+ */
+static struct node *alloc_node(struct node *parent)
+{
+	struct node *node;
+	int bitnum;
+
+	node = malloc(sizeof(*node));
+	node->left = node->right = NULL;
+	node->parent = parent;
+	node->leftnode = NODE;
+	node->rightnode = NODE;
+	node->keybits = 0;
+	node->keymask = 0;
+	node->mark = 0;
+	node->index = 0;
+	node->offset = -1;
+	node->size = 4;
+
+	if (node->parent) {
+		bitnum = parent->bitnum;
+		if ((bitnum & 7) == 0) {
+			node->bitnum = bitnum + 7 + 8;
+			node->nextbyte = 1;
+		} else {
+			node->bitnum = bitnum - 1;
+			node->nextbyte = 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		node->bitnum = 7;
+		node->nextbyte = 0;
+	}
+
+	return node;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Insert a new leaf into the tree, and collapse any subtrees that are
+ * fully populated and end in identical leaves. A nextbyte tagged
+ * internal node will not be removed to preserve the tree's integrity.
+ * Note that due to the structure of utf8, no nextbyte tagged node
+ * will be a candidate for removal.
+ */
+static int insert(struct tree *tree, char *key, int keylen, void *leaf)
+{
+	struct node *node;
+	struct node *parent;
+	void **cursor;
+	int keybits;
+
+	assert(keylen >= 1 && keylen <= 4);
+
+	node = NULL;
+	cursor = &tree->root;
+	keybits = 8 * keylen;
+
+	/* Insert, creating path along the way. */
+	while (keybits) {
+		if (!*cursor)
+			*cursor = alloc_node(node);
+		node = *cursor;
+		if (node->nextbyte)
+			key++;
+		if (*key & (1 << (node->bitnum & 7)))
+			cursor = &node->right;
+		else
+			cursor = &node->left;
+		keybits--;
+	}
+	*cursor = leaf;
+
+	/* Merge subtrees if possible. */
+	while (node) {
+		if (*key & (1 << (node->bitnum & 7)))
+			node->rightnode = LEAF;
+		else
+			node->leftnode = LEAF;
+		if (node->nextbyte)
+			break;
+		if (node->leftnode == NODE || node->rightnode == NODE)
+			break;
+		assert(node->left);
+		assert(node->right);
+		/* Compare */
+		if (! tree->leaf_equal(node->left, node->right))
+			break;
+		/* Keep left, drop right leaf. */
+		leaf = node->left;
+		/* Check in parent */
+		parent = node->parent;
+		if (!parent) {
+			/* root of tree! */
+			tree->root = leaf;
+			tree->childnode = LEAF;
+		} else if (parent->left == node) {
+			parent->left = leaf;
+			parent->leftnode = LEAF;
+			if (parent->right) {
+				parent->keymask = 0;
+				parent->keybits = 0;
+			} else {
+				parent->keymask |= (1 << node->bitnum);
+			}
+		} else if (parent->right == node) {
+			parent->right = leaf;
+			parent->rightnode = LEAF;
+			if (parent->left) {
+				parent->keymask = 0;
+				parent->keybits = 0;
+			} else {
+				parent->keymask |= (1 << node->bitnum);
+				parent->keybits |= (1 << node->bitnum);
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* internal tree error */
+			assert(0);
+		}
+		free(node);
+		node = parent;
+	}
+
+	/* Propagate keymasks up along singleton chains. */
+	while (node) {
+		parent = node->parent;
+		if (!parent)
+			break;
+		/* Nix the mask for parents with two children. */
+		if (node->keymask == 0) {
+			parent->keymask = 0;
+			parent->keybits = 0;
+		} else if (parent->left && parent->right) {
+			parent->keymask = 0;
+			parent->keybits = 0;
+		} else {
+			assert((parent->keymask & node->keymask) == 0);
+			parent->keymask |= node->keymask;
+			parent->keymask |= (1 << parent->bitnum);
+			parent->keybits |= node->keybits;
+			if (parent->right)
+				parent->keybits |= (1 << parent->bitnum);
+		}
+		node = parent;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prune internal nodes.
+ *
+ * Fully populated subtrees that end at the same leaf have already
+ * been collapsed.  There are still internal nodes that have for both
+ * their left and right branches a sequence of singletons that make
+ * identical choices and end in identical leaves.  The keymask and
+ * keybits collected in the nodes describe the choices made in these
+ * singleton chains.  When they are identical for the left and right
+ * branch of a node, and the two leaves comare identical, the node in
+ * question can be removed.
+ *
+ * Note that nodes with the nextbyte tag set will not be removed by
+ * this to ensure tree integrity.  Note as well that the structure of
+ * utf8 ensures that these nodes would not have been candidates for
+ * removal in any case.
+ */
+static void prune(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct node *node;
+	struct node *left;
+	struct node *right;
+	struct node *parent;
+	void *leftleaf;
+	void *rightleaf;
+	unsigned int leftmask;
+	unsigned int rightmask;
+	unsigned int bitmask;
+	int count;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Pruning %s_%x\n", tree->type, tree->maxage);
+
+	count = 0;
+	if (tree->childnode == LEAF)
+		return;
+	if (!tree->root)
+		return;
+
+	leftmask = rightmask = 0;
+	node = tree->root;
+	while (node) {
+		if (node->nextbyte)
+			goto advance;
+		if (node->leftnode == LEAF)
+			goto advance;
+		if (node->rightnode == LEAF)
+			goto advance;
+		if (!node->left)
+			goto advance;
+		if (!node->right)
+			goto advance;
+		left = node->left;
+		right = node->right;
+		if (left->keymask == 0)
+			goto advance;
+		if (right->keymask == 0)
+			goto advance;
+		if (left->keymask != right->keymask)
+			goto advance;
+		if (left->keybits != right->keybits)
+			goto advance;
+		leftleaf = NULL;
+		while (!leftleaf) {
+			assert(left->left || left->right);
+			if (left->leftnode == LEAF)
+				leftleaf = left->left;
+			else if (left->rightnode == LEAF)
+				leftleaf = left->right;
+			else if (left->left)
+				left = left->left;
+			else if (left->right)
+				left = left->right;
+			else
+				assert(0);
+		}
+		rightleaf = NULL;
+		while (!rightleaf) {
+			assert(right->left || right->right);
+			if (right->leftnode == LEAF)
+				rightleaf = right->left;
+			else if (right->rightnode == LEAF)
+				rightleaf = right->right;
+			else if (right->left)
+				right = right->left;
+			else if (right->right)
+				right = right->right;
+			else
+				assert(0);
+		}
+		if (! tree->leaf_equal(leftleaf, rightleaf))
+			goto advance;
+		/*
+		 * This node has identical singleton-only subtrees.
+		 * Remove it.
+		 */
+		parent = node->parent;
+		left = node->left;
+		right = node->right;
+		if (parent->left == node)
+			parent->left = left;
+		else if (parent->right == node)
+			parent->right = left;
+		else
+			assert(0);
+		left->parent = parent;
+		left->keymask |= (1 << node->bitnum);
+		node->left = NULL;
+		while (node) {
+			bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+			leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+			rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+			if (node->leftnode == NODE && node->left) {
+				left = node->left;
+				free(node);
+				count++;
+				node = left;
+			} else if (node->rightnode == NODE && node->right) {
+				right = node->right;
+				free(node);
+				count++;
+				node = right;
+			} else {
+				node = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+		/* Propagate keymasks up along singleton chains. */
+		node = parent;
+		/* Force re-check */
+		bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+		leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+		rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+		for (;;) {
+			if (node->left && node->right)
+				break;
+			if (node->left) {
+				left = node->left;
+				node->keymask |= left->keymask;
+				node->keybits |= left->keybits;
+			}
+			if (node->right) {
+				right = node->right;
+				node->keymask |= right->keymask;
+				node->keybits |= right->keybits;
+			}
+			node->keymask |= (1 << node->bitnum);
+			node = node->parent;
+			/* Force re-check */
+			bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+			leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+			rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+		}
+	advance:
+		bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+		if ((leftmask & bitmask) == 0 &&
+		    node->leftnode == NODE &&
+		    node->left) {
+			leftmask |= bitmask;
+			node = node->left;
+		} else if ((rightmask & bitmask) == 0 &&
+			   node->rightnode == NODE &&
+			   node->right) {
+			rightmask |= bitmask;
+			node = node->right;
+		} else {
+			leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+			rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+			node = node->parent;
+		}
+	}
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Pruned %d nodes\n", count);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mark the nodes in the tree that lead to leaves that must be
+ * emitted.
+ */
+static void mark_nodes(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct node *node;
+	struct node *n;
+	unsigned int leftmask;
+	unsigned int rightmask;
+	unsigned int bitmask;
+	int marked;
+
+	marked = 0;
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Marking %s_%x\n", tree->type, tree->maxage);
+	if (tree->childnode == LEAF)
+		goto done;
+
+	assert(tree->childnode == NODE);
+	node = tree->root;
+	leftmask = rightmask = 0;
+	while (node) {
+		bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+		if ((leftmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+			leftmask |= bitmask;
+			if (node->leftnode == LEAF) {
+				assert(node->left);
+				if (tree->leaf_mark(node->left)) {
+					n = node;
+					while (n && !n->mark) {
+						marked++;
+						n->mark = 1;
+						n = n->parent;
+					}
+				}
+			} else if (node->left) {
+				assert(node->leftnode == NODE);
+				node = node->left;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		if ((rightmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+			rightmask |= bitmask;
+			if (node->rightnode == LEAF) {
+				assert(node->right);
+				if (tree->leaf_mark(node->right)) {
+					n = node;
+					while (n && !n->mark) {
+						marked++;
+						n->mark = 1;
+						n = n->parent;
+					}
+				}
+			} else if (node->right) {
+				assert(node->rightnode == NODE);
+				node = node->right;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+		rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+		node = node->parent;
+	}
+
+	/* second pass: left siblings and singletons */
+
+	assert(tree->childnode == NODE);
+	node = tree->root;
+	leftmask = rightmask = 0;
+	while (node) {
+		bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+		if ((leftmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+			leftmask |= bitmask;
+			if (node->leftnode == LEAF) {
+				assert(node->left);
+				if (tree->leaf_mark(node->left)) {
+					n = node;
+					while (n && !n->mark) {
+						marked++;
+						n->mark = 1;
+						n = n->parent;
+					}
+				}
+			} else if (node->left) {
+				assert(node->leftnode == NODE);
+				node = node->left;
+				if (!node->mark && node->parent->mark) {
+					marked++;
+					node->mark = 1;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		if ((rightmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+			rightmask |= bitmask;
+			if (node->rightnode == LEAF) {
+				assert(node->right);
+				if (tree->leaf_mark(node->right)) {
+					n = node;
+					while (n && !n->mark) {
+						marked++;
+						n->mark = 1;
+						n = n->parent;
+					}
+				}
+			} else if (node->right) {
+				assert(node->rightnode == NODE);
+				node = node->right;
+				if (!node->mark && node->parent->mark &&
+				    !node->parent->left) {
+					marked++;
+					node->mark = 1;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+		rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+		node = node->parent;
+	}
+done:
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Marked %d nodes\n", marked);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compute the index of each node and leaf, which is the offset in the
+ * emitted trie.  These values must be pre-computed because relative
+ * offsets between nodes are used to navigate the tree.
+ */
+static int index_nodes(struct tree *tree, int index)
+{
+	struct node *node;
+	unsigned int leftmask;
+	unsigned int rightmask;
+	unsigned int bitmask;
+	int count;
+	int indent;
+
+	/* Align to a cache line (or half a cache line?). */
+	while (index % 64)
+		index++;
+	tree->index = index;
+	indent = 1;
+	count = 0;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Indexing %s_%x: %d\n", tree->type, tree->maxage, index);
+	if (tree->childnode == LEAF) {
+		index += tree->leaf_size(tree->root);
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	assert(tree->childnode == NODE);
+	node = tree->root;
+	leftmask = rightmask = 0;
+	while (node) {
+		if (!node->mark)
+			goto skip;
+		count++;
+		if (node->index != index)
+			node->index = index;
+		index += node->size;
+skip:
+		while (node) {
+			bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+			if (node->mark && (leftmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+				leftmask |= bitmask;
+				if (node->leftnode == LEAF) {
+					assert(node->left);
+					*tree->leaf_index(tree, node->left) =
+									index;
+					index += tree->leaf_size(node->left);
+					count++;
+				} else if (node->left) {
+					assert(node->leftnode == NODE);
+					indent += 1;
+					node = node->left;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (node->mark && (rightmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+				rightmask |= bitmask;
+				if (node->rightnode == LEAF) {
+					assert(node->right);
+					*tree->leaf_index(tree, node->right) = index;
+					index += tree->leaf_size(node->right);
+					count++;
+				} else if (node->right) {
+					assert(node->rightnode == NODE);
+					indent += 1;
+					node = node->right;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+			rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+			node = node->parent;
+			indent -= 1;
+		}
+	}
+done:
+	/* Round up to a multiple of 16 */
+	while (index % 16)
+		index++;
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Final index %d\n", index);
+	return index;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mark the nodes in a subtree, helper for size_nodes().
+ */
+static int mark_subtree(struct node *node)
+{
+	int changed;
+
+	if (!node || node->mark)
+		return 0;
+	node->mark = 1;
+	node->index = node->parent->index;
+	changed = 1;
+	if (node->leftnode == NODE)
+		changed += mark_subtree(node->left);
+	if (node->rightnode == NODE)
+		changed += mark_subtree(node->right);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compute the size of nodes and leaves. We start by assuming that
+ * each node needs to store a three-byte offset. The indexes of the
+ * nodes are calculated based on that, and then this function is
+ * called to see if the sizes of some nodes can be reduced.  This is
+ * repeated until no more changes are seen.
+ */
+static int size_nodes(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct tree *next;
+	struct node *node;
+	struct node *right;
+	struct node *n;
+	unsigned int leftmask;
+	unsigned int rightmask;
+	unsigned int bitmask;
+	unsigned int pathbits;
+	unsigned int pathmask;
+	unsigned int nbit;
+	int changed;
+	int offset;
+	int size;
+	int indent;
+
+	indent = 1;
+	changed = 0;
+	size = 0;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Sizing %s_%x\n", tree->type, tree->maxage);
+	if (tree->childnode == LEAF)
+		goto done;
+
+	assert(tree->childnode == NODE);
+	pathbits = 0;
+	pathmask = 0;
+	node = tree->root;
+	leftmask = rightmask = 0;
+	while (node) {
+		if (!node->mark)
+			goto skip;
+		offset = 0;
+		if (!node->left || !node->right) {
+			size = 1;
+		} else {
+			if (node->rightnode == NODE) {
+				/*
+				 * If the right node is not marked,
+				 * look for a corresponding node in
+				 * the next tree.  Such a node need
+				 * not exist.
+				 */
+				right = node->right;
+				next = tree->next;
+				while (!right->mark) {
+					assert(next);
+					n = next->root;
+					while (n->bitnum != node->bitnum) {
+						nbit = 1 << n->bitnum;
+						if (!(pathmask & nbit))
+							break;
+						if (pathbits & nbit) {
+							if (n->rightnode == LEAF)
+								break;
+							n = n->right;
+						} else {
+							if (n->leftnode == LEAF)
+								break;
+							n = n->left;
+						}
+					}
+					if (n->bitnum != node->bitnum)
+						break;
+					n = n->right;
+					right = n;
+					next = next->next;
+				}
+				/* Make sure the right node is marked. */
+				if (!right->mark)
+					changed += mark_subtree(right);
+				offset = right->index - node->index;
+			} else {
+				offset = *tree->leaf_index(tree, node->right);
+				offset -= node->index;
+			}
+			assert(offset >= 0);
+			assert(offset <= 0xffffff);
+			if (offset <= 0xff) {
+				size = 2;
+			} else if (offset <= 0xffff) {
+				size = 3;
+			} else { /* offset <= 0xffffff */
+				size = 4;
+			}
+		}
+		if (node->size != size || node->offset != offset) {
+			node->size = size;
+			node->offset = offset;
+			changed++;
+		}
+skip:
+		while (node) {
+			bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+			pathmask |= bitmask;
+			if (node->mark && (leftmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+				leftmask |= bitmask;
+				if (node->leftnode == LEAF) {
+					assert(node->left);
+				} else if (node->left) {
+					assert(node->leftnode == NODE);
+					indent += 1;
+					node = node->left;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (node->mark && (rightmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+				rightmask |= bitmask;
+				pathbits |= bitmask;
+				if (node->rightnode == LEAF) {
+					assert(node->right);
+				} else if (node->right) {
+					assert(node->rightnode == NODE);
+					indent += 1;
+					node = node->right;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+			rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+			pathmask &= ~bitmask;
+			pathbits &= ~bitmask;
+			node = node->parent;
+			indent -= 1;
+		}
+	}
+done:
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Found %d changes\n", changed);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Emit a trie for the given tree into the data array.
+ */
+static void emit(struct tree *tree, unsigned char *data)
+{
+	struct node *node;
+	unsigned int leftmask;
+	unsigned int rightmask;
+	unsigned int bitmask;
+	int offlen;
+	int offset;
+	int index;
+	int indent;
+	int size;
+	int bytes;
+	int leaves;
+	int nodes[4];
+	unsigned char byte;
+
+	nodes[0] = nodes[1] = nodes[2] = nodes[3] = 0;
+	leaves = 0;
+	bytes = 0;
+	index = tree->index;
+	data += index;
+	indent = 1;
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Emitting %s_%x\n", tree->type, tree->maxage);
+	if (tree->childnode == LEAF) {
+		assert(tree->root);
+		tree->leaf_emit(tree->root, data);
+		size = tree->leaf_size(tree->root);
+		index += size;
+		leaves++;
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	assert(tree->childnode == NODE);
+	node = tree->root;
+	leftmask = rightmask = 0;
+	while (node) {
+		if (!node->mark)
+			goto skip;
+		assert(node->offset != -1);
+		assert(node->index == index);
+
+		byte = 0;
+		if (node->nextbyte)
+			byte |= NEXTBYTE;
+		byte |= (node->bitnum & BITNUM);
+		if (node->left && node->right) {
+			if (node->leftnode == NODE)
+				byte |= LEFTNODE;
+			if (node->rightnode == NODE)
+				byte |= RIGHTNODE;
+			if (node->offset <= 0xff)
+				offlen = 1;
+			else if (node->offset <= 0xffff)
+				offlen = 2;
+			else
+				offlen = 3;
+			nodes[offlen]++;
+			offset = node->offset;
+			byte |= offlen << OFFLEN_SHIFT;
+			*data++ = byte;
+			index++;
+			while (offlen--) {
+				*data++ = offset & 0xff;
+				index++;
+				offset >>= 8;
+			}
+		} else if (node->left) {
+			if (node->leftnode == NODE)
+				byte |= TRIENODE;
+			nodes[0]++;
+			*data++ = byte;
+			index++;
+		} else if (node->right) {
+			byte |= RIGHTNODE;
+			if (node->rightnode == NODE)
+				byte |= TRIENODE;
+			nodes[0]++;
+			*data++ = byte;
+			index++;
+		} else {
+			assert(0);
+		}
+skip:
+		while (node) {
+			bitmask = 1 << node->bitnum;
+			if (node->mark && (leftmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+				leftmask |= bitmask;
+				if (node->leftnode == LEAF) {
+					assert(node->left);
+					data = tree->leaf_emit(node->left,
+							       data);
+					size = tree->leaf_size(node->left);
+					index += size;
+					bytes += size;
+					leaves++;
+				} else if (node->left) {
+					assert(node->leftnode == NODE);
+					indent += 1;
+					node = node->left;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (node->mark && (rightmask & bitmask) == 0) {
+				rightmask |= bitmask;
+				if (node->rightnode == LEAF) {
+					assert(node->right);
+					data = tree->leaf_emit(node->right,
+							       data);
+					size = tree->leaf_size(node->right);
+					index += size;
+					bytes += size;
+					leaves++;
+				} else if (node->right) {
+					assert(node->rightnode == NODE);
+					indent += 1;
+					node = node->right;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			leftmask &= ~bitmask;
+			rightmask &= ~bitmask;
+			node = node->parent;
+			indent -= 1;
+		}
+	}
+done:
+	if (verbose > 0) {
+		printf("Emitted %d (%d) leaves",
+			leaves, bytes);
+		printf(" %d (%d+%d+%d+%d) nodes",
+			nodes[0] + nodes[1] + nodes[2] + nodes[3],
+			nodes[0], nodes[1], nodes[2], nodes[3]);
+		printf(" %d total\n", index - tree->index);
+	}
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/*
+ * Unicode data.
+ *
+ * We need to keep track of the Canonical Combining Class, the Age,
+ * and decompositions for a code point.
+ *
+ * For the Age, we store the index into the ages table.  Effectively
+ * this is a generation number that the table maps to a unicode
+ * version.
+ *
+ * The correction field is used to indicate that this entry is in the
+ * corrections array, which contains decompositions that were
+ * corrected in later revisions.  The value of the correction field is
+ * the Unicode version in which the mapping was corrected.
+ */
+struct unicode_data {
+	unsigned int code;
+	int ccc;
+	int gen;
+	int correction;
+	unsigned int *utf32nfdi;
+	unsigned int *utf32nfdicf;
+	char *utf8nfdi;
+	char *utf8nfdicf;
+};
+
+struct unicode_data unicode_data[0x110000];
+struct unicode_data *corrections;
+int    corrections_count;
+
+struct tree *nfdi_tree;
+struct tree *nfdicf_tree;
+
+struct tree *trees;
+int          trees_count;
+
+/*
+ * Check the corrections array to see if this entry was corrected at
+ * some point.
+ */
+static struct unicode_data *corrections_lookup(struct unicode_data *u)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i != corrections_count; i++)
+		if (u->code == corrections[i].code)
+			return &corrections[i];
+	return u;
+}
+
+static int nfdi_equal(void *l, void *r)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *left = l;
+	struct unicode_data *right = r;
+
+	if (left->gen != right->gen)
+		return 0;
+	if (left->ccc != right->ccc)
+		return 0;
+	if (left->utf8nfdi && right->utf8nfdi &&
+	    strcmp(left->utf8nfdi, right->utf8nfdi) == 0)
+		return 1;
+	if (left->utf8nfdi || right->utf8nfdi)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int nfdicf_equal(void *l, void *r)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *left = l;
+	struct unicode_data *right = r;
+
+	if (left->gen != right->gen)
+		return 0;
+	if (left->ccc != right->ccc)
+		return 0;
+	if (left->utf8nfdicf && right->utf8nfdicf &&
+	    strcmp(left->utf8nfdicf, right->utf8nfdicf) == 0)
+		return 1;
+	if (left->utf8nfdicf && right->utf8nfdicf)
+		return 0;
+	if (left->utf8nfdicf || right->utf8nfdicf)
+		return 0;
+	if (left->utf8nfdi && right->utf8nfdi &&
+	    strcmp(left->utf8nfdi, right->utf8nfdi) == 0)
+		return 1;
+	if (left->utf8nfdi || right->utf8nfdi)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void nfdi_print(void *l, int indent)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+
+	printf("%*sleaf @ %p code %X ccc %d gen %d", indent, "", leaf,
+		leaf->code, leaf->ccc, leaf->gen);
+
+	if (leaf->utf8nfdi && leaf->utf8nfdi[0] == HANGUL)
+		printf(" nfdi \"%s\"", "HANGUL SYLLABLE");
+	else if (leaf->utf8nfdi)
+		printf(" nfdi \"%s\"", (const char*)leaf->utf8nfdi);
+
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void nfdicf_print(void *l, int indent)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+
+	printf("%*sleaf @ %p code %X ccc %d gen %d", indent, "", leaf,
+		leaf->code, leaf->ccc, leaf->gen);
+
+	if (leaf->utf8nfdicf)
+		printf(" nfdicf \"%s\"", (const char*)leaf->utf8nfdicf);
+	else if (leaf->utf8nfdi && leaf->utf8nfdi[0] == HANGUL)
+		printf(" nfdi \"%s\"", "HANGUL SYLLABLE");
+	else if (leaf->utf8nfdi)
+		printf(" nfdi \"%s\"", (const char*)leaf->utf8nfdi);
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static int nfdi_mark(void *l)
+{
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int nfdicf_mark(void *l)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+
+	if (leaf->utf8nfdicf)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int correction_mark(void *l)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+
+	return leaf->correction;
+}
+
+static int nfdi_size(void *l)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+	int size = 2;
+
+	if (HANGUL_SYLLABLE(leaf->code))
+		size += 1;
+	else if (leaf->utf8nfdi)
+		size += strlen(leaf->utf8nfdi) + 1;
+	return size;
+}
+
+static int nfdicf_size(void *l)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+	int size = 2;
+
+	if (HANGUL_SYLLABLE(leaf->code))
+		size += 1;
+	else if (leaf->utf8nfdicf)
+		size += strlen(leaf->utf8nfdicf) + 1;
+	else if (leaf->utf8nfdi)
+		size += strlen(leaf->utf8nfdi) + 1;
+	return size;
+}
+
+static int *nfdi_index(struct tree *tree, void *l)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+
+	return &tree->leafindex[leaf->code];
+}
+
+static int *nfdicf_index(struct tree *tree, void *l)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+
+	return &tree->leafindex[leaf->code];
+}
+
+static unsigned char *nfdi_emit(void *l, unsigned char *data)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+	unsigned char *s;
+
+	*data++ = leaf->gen;
+
+	if (HANGUL_SYLLABLE(leaf->code)) {
+		*data++ = DECOMPOSE;
+		*data++ = HANGUL;
+	} else if (leaf->utf8nfdi) {
+		*data++ = DECOMPOSE;
+		s = (unsigned char*)leaf->utf8nfdi;
+		while ((*data++ = *s++) != 0)
+			;
+	} else {
+		*data++ = leaf->ccc;
+	}
+	return data;
+}
+
+static unsigned char *nfdicf_emit(void *l, unsigned char *data)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *leaf = l;
+	unsigned char *s;
+
+	*data++ = leaf->gen;
+
+	if (HANGUL_SYLLABLE(leaf->code)) {
+		*data++ = DECOMPOSE;
+		*data++ = HANGUL;
+	} else if (leaf->utf8nfdicf) {
+		*data++ = DECOMPOSE;
+		s = (unsigned char*)leaf->utf8nfdicf;
+		while ((*data++ = *s++) != 0)
+			;
+	} else if (leaf->utf8nfdi) {
+		*data++ = DECOMPOSE;
+		s = (unsigned char*)leaf->utf8nfdi;
+		while ((*data++ = *s++) != 0)
+			;
+	} else {
+		*data++ = leaf->ccc;
+	}
+	return data;
+}
+
+static void utf8_create(struct unicode_data *data)
+{
+	char utf[18*4+1];
+	char *u;
+	unsigned int *um;
+	int i;
+
+	if (data->utf8nfdi) {
+		assert(data->utf8nfdi[0] == HANGUL);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	u = utf;
+	um = data->utf32nfdi;
+	if (um) {
+		for (i = 0; um[i]; i++)
+			u += utf8encode(u, um[i]);
+		*u = '\0';
+		data->utf8nfdi = strdup(utf);
+	}
+	u = utf;
+	um = data->utf32nfdicf;
+	if (um) {
+		for (i = 0; um[i]; i++)
+			u += utf8encode(u, um[i]);
+		*u = '\0';
+		if (!data->utf8nfdi || strcmp(data->utf8nfdi, utf))
+			data->utf8nfdicf = strdup(utf);
+	}
+}
+
+static void utf8_init(void)
+{
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	int i;
+
+	for (unichar = 0; unichar != 0x110000; unichar++)
+		utf8_create(&unicode_data[unichar]);
+
+	for (i = 0; i != corrections_count; i++)
+		utf8_create(&corrections[i]);
+}
+
+static void trees_init(void)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *data;
+	unsigned int maxage;
+	unsigned int nextage;
+	int count;
+	int i;
+	int j;
+
+	/* Count the number of different ages. */
+	count = 0;
+	nextage = (unsigned int)-1;
+	do {
+		maxage = nextage;
+		nextage = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i <= corrections_count; i++) {
+			data = &corrections[i];
+			if (nextage < data->correction &&
+			    data->correction < maxage)
+				nextage = data->correction;
+		}
+		count++;
+	} while (nextage);
+
+	/* Two trees per age: nfdi and nfdicf */
+	trees_count = count * 2;
+	trees = calloc(trees_count, sizeof(struct tree));
+
+	/* Assign ages to the trees. */
+	count = trees_count;
+	nextage = (unsigned int)-1;
+	do {
+		maxage = nextage;
+		trees[--count].maxage = maxage;
+		trees[--count].maxage = maxage;
+		nextage = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i <= corrections_count; i++) {
+			data = &corrections[i];
+			if (nextage < data->correction &&
+			    data->correction < maxage)
+				nextage = data->correction;
+		}
+	} while (nextage);
+
+	/* The ages assigned above are off by one. */
+	for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++) {
+		j = 0;
+		while (ages[j] < trees[i].maxage)
+			j++;
+		trees[i].maxage = ages[j-1];
+	}
+
+	/* Set up the forwarding between trees. */
+	trees[trees_count-2].next = &trees[trees_count-1];
+	trees[trees_count-1].leaf_mark = nfdi_mark;
+	trees[trees_count-2].leaf_mark = nfdicf_mark;
+	for (i = 0; i != trees_count-2; i += 2) {
+		trees[i].next = &trees[trees_count-2];
+		trees[i].leaf_mark = correction_mark;
+		trees[i+1].next = &trees[trees_count-1];
+		trees[i+1].leaf_mark = correction_mark;
+	}
+
+	/* Assign the callouts. */
+	for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i += 2) {
+		trees[i].type = "nfdicf";
+		trees[i].leaf_equal = nfdicf_equal;
+		trees[i].leaf_print = nfdicf_print;
+		trees[i].leaf_size = nfdicf_size;
+		trees[i].leaf_index = nfdicf_index;
+		trees[i].leaf_emit = nfdicf_emit;
+
+		trees[i+1].type = "nfdi";
+		trees[i+1].leaf_equal = nfdi_equal;
+		trees[i+1].leaf_print = nfdi_print;
+		trees[i+1].leaf_size = nfdi_size;
+		trees[i+1].leaf_index = nfdi_index;
+		trees[i+1].leaf_emit = nfdi_emit;
+	}
+
+	/* Finish init. */
+	for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++)
+		trees[i].childnode = NODE;
+}
+
+static void trees_populate(void)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *data;
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	char keyval[4];
+	int keylen;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++) {
+		if (verbose > 0) {
+			printf("Populating %s_%x\n",
+				trees[i].type, trees[i].maxage);
+		}
+		for (unichar = 0; unichar != 0x110000; unichar++) {
+			if (unicode_data[unichar].gen < 0)
+				continue;
+			keylen = utf8encode(keyval, unichar);
+			data = corrections_lookup(&unicode_data[unichar]);
+			if (data->correction <= trees[i].maxage)
+				data = &unicode_data[unichar];
+			insert(&trees[i], keyval, keylen, data);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void trees_reduce(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	int size;
+	int changed;
+
+	for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++)
+		prune(&trees[i]);
+	for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++)
+		mark_nodes(&trees[i]);
+	do {
+		size = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++)
+			size = index_nodes(&trees[i], size);
+		changed = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++)
+			changed += size_nodes(&trees[i]);
+	} while (changed);
+
+	utf8data = calloc(size, 1);
+	utf8data_size = size;
+	for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++)
+		emit(&trees[i], utf8data);
+
+	if (verbose > 0) {
+		for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++) {
+			printf("%s_%x idx %d\n",
+				trees[i].type, trees[i].maxage, trees[i].index);
+		}
+	}
+
+	nfdi = utf8data + trees[trees_count-1].index;
+	nfdicf = utf8data + trees[trees_count-2].index;
+
+	nfdi_tree = &trees[trees_count-1];
+	nfdicf_tree = &trees[trees_count-2];
+}
+
+static void verify(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct unicode_data *data;
+	utf8leaf_t	*leaf;
+	unsigned int	unichar;
+	char		key[4];
+	unsigned char	hangul[UTF8HANGULLEAF];
+	int		report;
+	int		nocf;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Verifying %s_%x\n", tree->type, tree->maxage);
+	nocf = strcmp(tree->type, "nfdicf");
+
+	for (unichar = 0; unichar != 0x110000; unichar++) {
+		report = 0;
+		data = corrections_lookup(&unicode_data[unichar]);
+		if (data->correction <= tree->maxage)
+			data = &unicode_data[unichar];
+		utf8encode(key,unichar);
+		leaf = utf8lookup(tree, hangul, key);
+
+		if (!leaf) {
+			if (data->gen != -1)
+				report++;
+			if (unichar < 0xd800 || unichar > 0xdfff)
+				report++;
+		} else {
+			if (unichar >= 0xd800 && unichar <= 0xdfff)
+				report++;
+			if (data->gen == -1)
+				report++;
+			if (data->gen != LEAF_GEN(leaf))
+				report++;
+			if (LEAF_CCC(leaf) == DECOMPOSE) {
+				if (HANGUL_SYLLABLE(data->code)) {
+					if (data->utf8nfdi[0] != HANGUL)
+						report++;
+				} else if (nocf) {
+					if (!data->utf8nfdi) {
+						report++;
+					} else if (strcmp(data->utf8nfdi,
+							  LEAF_STR(leaf))) {
+						report++;
+					}
+				} else {
+					if (!data->utf8nfdicf &&
+					    !data->utf8nfdi) {
+						report++;
+					} else if (data->utf8nfdicf) {
+						if (strcmp(data->utf8nfdicf,
+							   LEAF_STR(leaf)))
+							report++;
+					} else if (strcmp(data->utf8nfdi,
+							  LEAF_STR(leaf))) {
+						report++;
+					}
+				}
+			} else if (data->ccc != LEAF_CCC(leaf)) {
+				report++;
+			}
+		}
+		if (report) {
+			printf("%X code %X gen %d ccc %d"
+				" nfdi -> \"%s\"",
+				unichar, data->code, data->gen,
+				data->ccc,
+				data->utf8nfdi);
+			if (leaf) {
+				printf(" gen %d ccc %d"
+					" nfdi -> \"%s\"",
+					LEAF_GEN(leaf),
+					LEAF_CCC(leaf),
+					LEAF_CCC(leaf) == DECOMPOSE ?
+						LEAF_STR(leaf) : "");
+			}
+			printf("\n");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void trees_verify(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i != trees_count; i++)
+		verify(&trees[i]);
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+static void help(void)
+{
+	printf("Usage: %s [options]\n", argv0);
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("This program creates an a data trie used for parsing and\n");
+	printf("normalization of UTF-8 strings. The trie is derived from\n");
+	printf("a set of input files from the Unicode character database\n");
+	printf("found at: http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/\n");
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("The generated tree supports two normalization forms:\n");
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("\tnfdi:\n");
+	printf("\t- Apply unicode normalization form NFD.\n");
+	printf("\t- Remove any Default_Ignorable_Code_Point.\n");
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("\tnfdicf:\n");
+	printf("\t- Apply unicode normalization form NFD.\n");
+	printf("\t- Remove any Default_Ignorable_Code_Point.\n");
+	printf("\t- Apply a full casefold (C + F).\n");
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("These forms were chosen as being most useful when dealing\n");
+	printf("with file names: NFD catches most cases where characters\n");
+	printf("should be considered equivalent. The ignorables are mostly\n");
+	printf("invisible, making names hard to type.\n");
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("The options to specify the files to be used are listed\n");
+	printf("below with their default values, which are the names used\n");
+	printf("by version 11.0.0 of the Unicode Character Database.\n");
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("The input files:\n");
+	printf("\t-a %s\n", AGE_NAME);
+	printf("\t-c %s\n", CCC_NAME);
+	printf("\t-p %s\n", PROP_NAME);
+	printf("\t-d %s\n", DATA_NAME);
+	printf("\t-f %s\n", FOLD_NAME);
+	printf("\t-n %s\n", NORM_NAME);
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("Additionally, the generated tables are tested using:\n");
+	printf("\t-t %s\n", TEST_NAME);
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("Finally, the output file:\n");
+	printf("\t-o %s\n", UTF8_NAME);
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void usage(void)
+{
+	help();
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void open_fail(const char *name, int error)
+{
+	printf("Error %d opening %s: %s\n", error, name, strerror(error));
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void file_fail(const char *filename)
+{
+	printf("Error parsing %s\n", filename);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void line_fail(const char *filename, const char *line)
+{
+	printf("Error parsing %s:%s\n", filename, line);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+static void print_utf32(unsigned int *utf32str)
+{
+	int	i;
+
+	for (i = 0; utf32str[i]; i++)
+		printf(" %X", utf32str[i]);
+}
+
+static void print_utf32nfdi(unsigned int unichar)
+{
+	printf(" %X ->", unichar);
+	print_utf32(unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi);
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void print_utf32nfdicf(unsigned int unichar)
+{
+	printf(" %X ->", unichar);
+	print_utf32(unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf);
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+static void age_init(void)
+{
+	FILE *file;
+	unsigned int first;
+	unsigned int last;
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	unsigned int major;
+	unsigned int minor;
+	unsigned int revision;
+	int gen;
+	int count;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Parsing %s\n", age_name);
+
+	file = fopen(age_name, "r");
+	if (!file)
+		open_fail(age_name, errno);
+	count = 0;
+
+	gen = 0;
+	while (fgets(line, LINESIZE, file)) {
+		ret = sscanf(line, "# Age=V%d_%d_%d",
+				&major, &minor, &revision);
+		if (ret == 3) {
+			ages_count++;
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf(" Age V%d_%d_%d\n",
+					major, minor, revision);
+			if (!age_valid(major, minor, revision))
+				line_fail(age_name, line);
+			continue;
+		}
+		ret = sscanf(line, "# Age=V%d_%d", &major, &minor);
+		if (ret == 2) {
+			ages_count++;
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf(" Age V%d_%d\n", major, minor);
+			if (!age_valid(major, minor, 0))
+				line_fail(age_name, line);
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* We must have found something above. */
+	if (verbose > 1)
+		printf("%d age entries\n", ages_count);
+	if (ages_count == 0 || ages_count > MAXGEN)
+		file_fail(age_name);
+
+	/* There is a 0 entry. */
+	ages_count++;
+	ages = calloc(ages_count + 1, sizeof(*ages));
+	/* And a guard entry. */
+	ages[ages_count] = (unsigned int)-1;
+
+	rewind(file);
+	count = 0;
+	gen = 0;
+	while (fgets(line, LINESIZE, file)) {
+		ret = sscanf(line, "# Age=V%d_%d_%d",
+				&major, &minor, &revision);
+		if (ret == 3) {
+			ages[++gen] =
+				UNICODE_AGE(major, minor, revision);
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf(" Age V%d_%d_%d = gen %d\n",
+					major, minor, revision, gen);
+			if (!age_valid(major, minor, revision))
+				line_fail(age_name, line);
+			continue;
+		}
+		ret = sscanf(line, "# Age=V%d_%d", &major, &minor);
+		if (ret == 2) {
+			ages[++gen] = UNICODE_AGE(major, minor, 0);
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf(" Age V%d_%d = %d\n",
+					major, minor, gen);
+			if (!age_valid(major, minor, 0))
+				line_fail(age_name, line);
+			continue;
+		}
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X..%X ; %d.%d #",
+			     &first, &last, &major, &minor);
+		if (ret == 4) {
+			for (unichar = first; unichar <= last; unichar++)
+				unicode_data[unichar].gen = gen;
+			count += 1 + last - first;
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf("  %X..%X gen %d\n", first, last, gen);
+			if (!utf32valid(first) || !utf32valid(last))
+				line_fail(age_name, line);
+			continue;
+		}
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X ; %d.%d #", &unichar, &major, &minor);
+		if (ret == 3) {
+			unicode_data[unichar].gen = gen;
+			count++;
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf("  %X gen %d\n", unichar, gen);
+			if (!utf32valid(unichar))
+				line_fail(age_name, line);
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+	unicode_maxage = ages[gen];
+	fclose(file);
+
+	/* Nix surrogate block */
+	if (verbose > 1)
+		printf(" Removing surrogate block D800..DFFF\n");
+	for (unichar = 0xd800; unichar <= 0xdfff; unichar++)
+		unicode_data[unichar].gen = -1;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+	        printf("Found %d entries\n", count);
+	if (count == 0)
+		file_fail(age_name);
+}
+
+static void ccc_init(void)
+{
+	FILE *file;
+	unsigned int first;
+	unsigned int last;
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	unsigned int value;
+	int count;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Parsing %s\n", ccc_name);
+
+	file = fopen(ccc_name, "r");
+	if (!file)
+		open_fail(ccc_name, errno);
+
+	count = 0;
+	while (fgets(line, LINESIZE, file)) {
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X..%X ; %d #", &first, &last, &value);
+		if (ret == 3) {
+			for (unichar = first; unichar <= last; unichar++) {
+				unicode_data[unichar].ccc = value;
+                                count++;
+			}
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf(" %X..%X ccc %d\n", first, last, value);
+			if (!utf32valid(first) || !utf32valid(last))
+				line_fail(ccc_name, line);
+			continue;
+		}
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X ; %d #", &unichar, &value);
+		if (ret == 2) {
+			unicode_data[unichar].ccc = value;
+                        count++;
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf(" %X ccc %d\n", unichar, value);
+			if (!utf32valid(unichar))
+				line_fail(ccc_name, line);
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(file);
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Found %d entries\n", count);
+	if (count == 0)
+		file_fail(ccc_name);
+}
+
+static int ignore_compatibility_form(char *type)
+{
+	int i;
+	char *ignored_types[] = {"font", "noBreak", "initial", "medial",
+				 "final", "isolated", "circle", "super",
+				 "sub", "vertical", "wide", "narrow",
+				 "small", "square", "fraction", "compat"};
+
+	for (i = 0 ; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ignored_types); i++)
+		if (strcmp(type, ignored_types[i]) == 0)
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void nfdi_init(void)
+{
+	FILE *file;
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	unsigned int mapping[19]; /* Magic - guaranteed not to be exceeded. */
+	char *s;
+	char *type;
+	unsigned int *um;
+	int count;
+	int i;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Parsing %s\n", data_name);
+	file = fopen(data_name, "r");
+	if (!file)
+		open_fail(data_name, errno);
+
+	count = 0;
+	while (fgets(line, LINESIZE, file)) {
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X;%*[^;];%*[^;];%*[^;];%*[^;];%[^;];",
+			     &unichar, buf0);
+		if (ret != 2)
+			continue;
+		if (!utf32valid(unichar))
+			line_fail(data_name, line);
+
+		s = buf0;
+		/* skip over <tag> */
+		if (*s == '<') {
+			type = ++s;
+			while (*++s != '>');
+			*s++ = '\0';
+			if(ignore_compatibility_form(type))
+				continue;
+		}
+		/* decode the decomposition into UTF-32 */
+		i = 0;
+		while (*s) {
+			mapping[i] = strtoul(s, &s, 16);
+			if (!utf32valid(mapping[i]))
+				line_fail(data_name, line);
+			i++;
+		}
+		mapping[i++] = 0;
+
+		um = malloc(i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		memcpy(um, mapping, i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi = um;
+
+		if (verbose > 1)
+			print_utf32nfdi(unichar);
+		count++;
+	}
+	fclose(file);
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Found %d entries\n", count);
+	if (count == 0)
+		file_fail(data_name);
+}
+
+static void nfdicf_init(void)
+{
+	FILE *file;
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	unsigned int mapping[19]; /* Magic - guaranteed not to be exceeded. */
+	char status;
+	char *s;
+	unsigned int *um;
+	int i;
+	int count;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Parsing %s\n", fold_name);
+	file = fopen(fold_name, "r");
+	if (!file)
+		open_fail(fold_name, errno);
+
+	count = 0;
+	while (fgets(line, LINESIZE, file)) {
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X; %c; %[^;];", &unichar, &status, buf0);
+		if (ret != 3)
+			continue;
+		if (!utf32valid(unichar))
+			line_fail(fold_name, line);
+		/* Use the C+F casefold. */
+		if (status != 'C' && status != 'F')
+			continue;
+		s = buf0;
+		if (*s == '<')
+			while (*s++ != ' ')
+				;
+		i = 0;
+		while (*s) {
+			mapping[i] = strtoul(s, &s, 16);
+			if (!utf32valid(mapping[i]))
+				line_fail(fold_name, line);
+			i++;
+		}
+		mapping[i++] = 0;
+
+		um = malloc(i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		memcpy(um, mapping, i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf = um;
+
+		if (verbose > 1)
+			print_utf32nfdicf(unichar);
+		count++;
+	}
+	fclose(file);
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Found %d entries\n", count);
+	if (count == 0)
+		file_fail(fold_name);
+}
+
+static void ignore_init(void)
+{
+	FILE *file;
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	unsigned int first;
+	unsigned int last;
+	unsigned int *um;
+	int count;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Parsing %s\n", prop_name);
+	file = fopen(prop_name, "r");
+	if (!file)
+		open_fail(prop_name, errno);
+	assert(file);
+	count = 0;
+	while (fgets(line, LINESIZE, file)) {
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X..%X ; %s # ", &first, &last, buf0);
+		if (ret == 3) {
+			if (strcmp(buf0, "Default_Ignorable_Code_Point"))
+				continue;
+			if (!utf32valid(first) || !utf32valid(last))
+				line_fail(prop_name, line);
+			for (unichar = first; unichar <= last; unichar++) {
+				free(unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi);
+				um = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int));
+				*um = 0;
+				unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi = um;
+				free(unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf);
+				um = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int));
+				*um = 0;
+				unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf = um;
+				count++;
+			}
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf(" %X..%X Default_Ignorable_Code_Point\n",
+					first, last);
+			continue;
+		}
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X ; %s # ", &unichar, buf0);
+		if (ret == 2) {
+			if (strcmp(buf0, "Default_Ignorable_Code_Point"))
+				continue;
+			if (!utf32valid(unichar))
+				line_fail(prop_name, line);
+			free(unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi);
+			um = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int));
+			*um = 0;
+			unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi = um;
+			free(unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf);
+			um = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int));
+			*um = 0;
+			unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf = um;
+			if (verbose > 1)
+				printf(" %X Default_Ignorable_Code_Point\n",
+					unichar);
+			count++;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(file);
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Found %d entries\n", count);
+	if (count == 0)
+		file_fail(prop_name);
+}
+
+static void corrections_init(void)
+{
+	FILE *file;
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	unsigned int major;
+	unsigned int minor;
+	unsigned int revision;
+	unsigned int age;
+	unsigned int *um;
+	unsigned int mapping[19]; /* Magic - guaranteed not to be exceeded. */
+	char *s;
+	int i;
+	int count;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Parsing %s\n", norm_name);
+	file = fopen(norm_name, "r");
+	if (!file)
+		open_fail(norm_name, errno);
+
+	count = 0;
+	while (fgets(line, LINESIZE, file)) {
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X;%[^;];%[^;];%d.%d.%d #",
+				&unichar, buf0, buf1,
+				&major, &minor, &revision);
+		if (ret != 6)
+			continue;
+		if (!utf32valid(unichar) || !age_valid(major, minor, revision))
+			line_fail(norm_name, line);
+		count++;
+	}
+	corrections = calloc(count, sizeof(struct unicode_data));
+	corrections_count = count;
+	rewind(file);
+
+	count = 0;
+	while (fgets(line, LINESIZE, file)) {
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%X;%[^;];%[^;];%d.%d.%d #",
+				&unichar, buf0, buf1,
+				&major, &minor, &revision);
+		if (ret != 6)
+			continue;
+		if (!utf32valid(unichar) || !age_valid(major, minor, revision))
+			line_fail(norm_name, line);
+		corrections[count] = unicode_data[unichar];
+		assert(corrections[count].code == unichar);
+		age = UNICODE_AGE(major, minor, revision);
+		corrections[count].correction = age;
+
+		i = 0;
+		s = buf0;
+		while (*s) {
+			mapping[i] = strtoul(s, &s, 16);
+			if (!utf32valid(mapping[i]))
+				line_fail(norm_name, line);
+			i++;
+		}
+		mapping[i++] = 0;
+
+		um = malloc(i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		memcpy(um, mapping, i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		corrections[count].utf32nfdi = um;
+
+		if (verbose > 1)
+			printf(" %X -> %s -> %s V%d_%d_%d\n",
+				unichar, buf0, buf1, major, minor, revision);
+		count++;
+	}
+	fclose(file);
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+	        printf("Found %d entries\n", count);
+	if (count == 0)
+		file_fail(norm_name);
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/*
+ * Hangul decomposition (algorithm from Section 3.12 of Unicode 6.3.0)
+ *
+ * AC00;<Hangul Syllable, First>;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+ * D7A3;<Hangul Syllable, Last>;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+ *
+ * SBase = 0xAC00
+ * LBase = 0x1100
+ * VBase = 0x1161
+ * TBase = 0x11A7
+ * LCount = 19
+ * VCount = 21
+ * TCount = 28
+ * NCount = 588 (VCount * TCount)
+ * SCount = 11172 (LCount * NCount)
+ *
+ * Decomposition:
+ *   SIndex = s - SBase
+ *
+ * LV (Canonical/Full)
+ *   LIndex = SIndex / NCount
+ *   VIndex = (Sindex % NCount) / TCount
+ *   LPart = LBase + LIndex
+ *   VPart = VBase + VIndex
+ *
+ * LVT (Canonical)
+ *   LVIndex = (SIndex / TCount) * TCount
+ *   TIndex = (Sindex % TCount)
+ *   LVPart = SBase + LVIndex
+ *   TPart = TBase + TIndex
+ *
+ * LVT (Full)
+ *   LIndex = SIndex / NCount
+ *   VIndex = (Sindex % NCount) / TCount
+ *   TIndex = (Sindex % TCount)
+ *   LPart = LBase + LIndex
+ *   VPart = VBase + VIndex
+ *   if (TIndex == 0) {
+ *          d = <LPart, VPart>
+ *   } else {
+ *          TPart = TBase + TIndex
+ *          d = <LPart, VPart, TPart>
+ *   }
+ *
+ */
+
+static void hangul_decompose(void)
+{
+	unsigned int sb = 0xAC00;
+	unsigned int lb = 0x1100;
+	unsigned int vb = 0x1161;
+	unsigned int tb = 0x11a7;
+	/* unsigned int lc = 19; */
+	unsigned int vc = 21;
+	unsigned int tc = 28;
+	unsigned int nc = (vc * tc);
+	/* unsigned int sc = (lc * nc); */
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	unsigned int mapping[4];
+	unsigned int *um;
+        int count;
+	int i;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Decomposing hangul\n");
+	/* Hangul */
+	count = 0;
+	for (unichar = 0xAC00; unichar <= 0xD7A3; unichar++) {
+		unsigned int si = unichar - sb;
+		unsigned int li = si / nc;
+		unsigned int vi = (si % nc) / tc;
+		unsigned int ti = si % tc;
+
+		i = 0;
+		mapping[i++] = lb + li;
+		mapping[i++] = vb + vi;
+		if (ti)
+			mapping[i++] = tb + ti;
+		mapping[i++] = 0;
+
+		assert(!unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi);
+		um = malloc(i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		memcpy(um, mapping, i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi = um;
+
+		assert(!unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf);
+		um = malloc(i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		memcpy(um, mapping, i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+		unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf = um;
+
+		/*
+		 * Add a cookie as a reminder that the hangul syllable
+		 * decompositions must not be stored in the generated
+		 * trie.
+		 */
+		unicode_data[unichar].utf8nfdi = malloc(2);
+		unicode_data[unichar].utf8nfdi[0] = HANGUL;
+		unicode_data[unichar].utf8nfdi[1] = '\0';
+
+		if (verbose > 1)
+			print_utf32nfdi(unichar);
+
+		count++;
+	}
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Created %d entries\n", count);
+}
+
+static void nfdi_decompose(void)
+{
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	unsigned int mapping[19]; /* Magic - guaranteed not to be exceeded. */
+	unsigned int *um;
+	unsigned int *dc;
+	int count;
+	int i;
+	int j;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Decomposing nfdi\n");
+
+	count = 0;
+	for (unichar = 0; unichar != 0x110000; unichar++) {
+		if (!unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi)
+			continue;
+		for (;;) {
+			ret = 1;
+			i = 0;
+			um = unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi;
+			while (*um) {
+				dc = unicode_data[*um].utf32nfdi;
+				if (dc) {
+					for (j = 0; dc[j]; j++)
+						mapping[i++] = dc[j];
+					ret = 0;
+				} else {
+					mapping[i++] = *um;
+				}
+				um++;
+			}
+			mapping[i++] = 0;
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+			free(unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi);
+			um = malloc(i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+			memcpy(um, mapping, i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+			unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdi = um;
+		}
+		/* Add this decomposition to nfdicf if there is no entry. */
+		if (!unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf) {
+			um = malloc(i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+			memcpy(um, mapping, i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+			unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf = um;
+		}
+		if (verbose > 1)
+			print_utf32nfdi(unichar);
+		count++;
+	}
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Processed %d entries\n", count);
+}
+
+static void nfdicf_decompose(void)
+{
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	unsigned int mapping[19]; /* Magic - guaranteed not to be exceeded. */
+	unsigned int *um;
+	unsigned int *dc;
+	int count;
+	int i;
+	int j;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Decomposing nfdicf\n");
+	count = 0;
+	for (unichar = 0; unichar != 0x110000; unichar++) {
+		if (!unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf)
+			continue;
+		for (;;) {
+			ret = 1;
+			i = 0;
+			um = unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf;
+			while (*um) {
+				dc = unicode_data[*um].utf32nfdicf;
+				if (dc) {
+					for (j = 0; dc[j]; j++)
+						mapping[i++] = dc[j];
+					ret = 0;
+				} else {
+					mapping[i++] = *um;
+				}
+				um++;
+			}
+			mapping[i++] = 0;
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+			free(unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf);
+			um = malloc(i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+			memcpy(um, mapping, i * sizeof(unsigned int));
+			unicode_data[unichar].utf32nfdicf = um;
+		}
+		if (verbose > 1)
+			print_utf32nfdicf(unichar);
+		count++;
+	}
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Processed %d entries\n", count);
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+int utf8agemax(struct tree *, const char *);
+int utf8nagemax(struct tree *, const char *, size_t);
+int utf8agemin(struct tree *, const char *);
+int utf8nagemin(struct tree *, const char *, size_t);
+ssize_t utf8len(struct tree *, const char *);
+ssize_t utf8nlen(struct tree *, const char *, size_t);
+struct utf8cursor;
+int utf8cursor(struct utf8cursor *, struct tree *, const char *);
+int utf8ncursor(struct utf8cursor *, struct tree *, const char *, size_t);
+int utf8byte(struct utf8cursor *);
+
+/*
+ * Hangul decomposition (algorithm from Section 3.12 of Unicode 6.3.0)
+ *
+ * AC00;<Hangul Syllable, First>;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+ * D7A3;<Hangul Syllable, Last>;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+ *
+ * SBase = 0xAC00
+ * LBase = 0x1100
+ * VBase = 0x1161
+ * TBase = 0x11A7
+ * LCount = 19
+ * VCount = 21
+ * TCount = 28
+ * NCount = 588 (VCount * TCount)
+ * SCount = 11172 (LCount * NCount)
+ *
+ * Decomposition:
+ *   SIndex = s - SBase
+ *
+ * LV (Canonical/Full)
+ *   LIndex = SIndex / NCount
+ *   VIndex = (Sindex % NCount) / TCount
+ *   LPart = LBase + LIndex
+ *   VPart = VBase + VIndex
+ *
+ * LVT (Canonical)
+ *   LVIndex = (SIndex / TCount) * TCount
+ *   TIndex = (Sindex % TCount)
+ *   LVPart = SBase + LVIndex
+ *   TPart = TBase + TIndex
+ *
+ * LVT (Full)
+ *   LIndex = SIndex / NCount
+ *   VIndex = (Sindex % NCount) / TCount
+ *   TIndex = (Sindex % TCount)
+ *   LPart = LBase + LIndex
+ *   VPart = VBase + VIndex
+ *   if (TIndex == 0) {
+ *          d = <LPart, VPart>
+ *   } else {
+ *          TPart = TBase + TIndex
+ *          d = <LPart, VPart, TPart>
+ *   }
+ */
+
+/* Constants */
+#define SB	(0xAC00)
+#define LB	(0x1100)
+#define VB	(0x1161)
+#define TB	(0x11A7)
+#define LC	(19)
+#define VC	(21)
+#define TC	(28)
+#define NC	(VC * TC)
+#define SC	(LC * NC)
+
+/* Algorithmic decomposition of hangul syllable. */
+static utf8leaf_t *utf8hangul(const char *str, unsigned char *hangul)
+{
+	unsigned int	si;
+	unsigned int	li;
+	unsigned int	vi;
+	unsigned int	ti;
+	unsigned char	*h;
+
+	/* Calculate the SI, LI, VI, and TI values. */
+	si = utf8decode(str) - SB;
+	li = si / NC;
+	vi = (si % NC) / TC;
+	ti = si % TC;
+
+	/* Fill in base of leaf. */
+	h = hangul;
+	LEAF_GEN(h) = 2;
+	LEAF_CCC(h) = DECOMPOSE;
+	h += 2;
+
+	/* Add LPart, a 3-byte UTF-8 sequence. */
+	h += utf8encode((char *)h, li + LB);
+
+	/* Add VPart, a 3-byte UTF-8 sequence. */
+	h += utf8encode((char *)h, vi + VB);
+
+	/* Add TPart if required, also a 3-byte UTF-8 sequence. */
+	if (ti)
+		h += utf8encode((char *)h, ti + TB);
+
+	/* Terminate string. */
+	h[0] = '\0';
+
+	return hangul;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Use trie to scan s, touching at most len bytes.
+ * Returns the leaf if one exists, NULL otherwise.
+ *
+ * A non-NULL return guarantees that the UTF-8 sequence starting at s
+ * is well-formed and corresponds to a known unicode code point.  The
+ * shorthand for this will be "is valid UTF-8 unicode".
+ */
+static utf8leaf_t *utf8nlookup(struct tree *tree, unsigned char *hangul,
+			       const char *s, size_t len)
+{
+	utf8trie_t	*trie;
+	int		offlen;
+	int		offset;
+	int		mask;
+	int		node;
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return NULL;
+	if (len == 0)
+		return NULL;
+	node = 1;
+	trie = utf8data + tree->index;
+	while (node) {
+		offlen = (*trie & OFFLEN) >> OFFLEN_SHIFT;
+		if (*trie & NEXTBYTE) {
+			if (--len == 0)
+				return NULL;
+			s++;
+		}
+		mask = 1 << (*trie & BITNUM);
+		if (*s & mask) {
+			/* Right leg */
+			if (offlen) {
+				/* Right node at offset of trie */
+				node = (*trie & RIGHTNODE);
+				offset = trie[offlen];
+				while (--offlen) {
+					offset <<= 8;
+					offset |= trie[offlen];
+				}
+				trie += offset;
+			} else if (*trie & RIGHTPATH) {
+				/* Right node after this node */
+				node = (*trie & TRIENODE);
+				trie++;
+			} else {
+				/* No right node. */
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* Left leg */
+			if (offlen) {
+				/* Left node after this node. */
+				node = (*trie & LEFTNODE);
+				trie += offlen + 1;
+			} else if (*trie & RIGHTPATH) {
+				/* No left node. */
+				return NULL;
+			} else {
+				/* Left node after this node */
+				node = (*trie & TRIENODE);
+				trie++;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Hangul decomposition is done algorithmically. These are the
+	 * codepoints >= 0xAC00 and <= 0xD7A3. Their UTF-8 encoding is
+	 * always 3 bytes long, so s has been advanced twice, and the
+	 * start of the sequence is at s-2.
+	 */
+	if (LEAF_CCC(trie) == DECOMPOSE && LEAF_STR(trie)[0] == HANGUL)
+		trie = utf8hangul(s - 2, hangul);
+	return trie;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Use trie to scan s.
+ * Returns the leaf if one exists, NULL otherwise.
+ *
+ * Forwards to trie_nlookup().
+ */
+static utf8leaf_t *utf8lookup(struct tree *tree, unsigned char *hangul,
+			      const char *s)
+{
+	return utf8nlookup(tree, hangul, s, (size_t)-1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the number of bytes used by the current UTF-8 sequence.
+ * Assumes the input points to the first byte of a valid UTF-8
+ * sequence.
+ */
+static inline int utf8clen(const char *s)
+{
+	unsigned char c = *s;
+	return 1 + (c >= 0xC0) + (c >= 0xE0) + (c >= 0xF0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Maximum age of any character in s.
+ * Return -1 if s is not valid UTF-8 unicode.
+ * Return 0 if only non-assigned code points are used.
+ */
+int utf8agemax(struct tree *tree, const char *s)
+{
+	utf8leaf_t	*leaf;
+	int		age = 0;
+	int		leaf_age;
+	unsigned char	hangul[UTF8HANGULLEAF];
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return -1;
+
+	while (*s) {
+		leaf = utf8lookup(tree, hangul, s);
+		if (!leaf)
+			return -1;
+		leaf_age = ages[LEAF_GEN(leaf)];
+		if (leaf_age <= tree->maxage && leaf_age > age)
+			age = leaf_age;
+		s += utf8clen(s);
+	}
+	return age;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Minimum age of any character in s.
+ * Return -1 if s is not valid UTF-8 unicode.
+ * Return 0 if non-assigned code points are used.
+ */
+int utf8agemin(struct tree *tree, const char *s)
+{
+	utf8leaf_t	*leaf;
+	int		age;
+	int		leaf_age;
+	unsigned char	hangul[UTF8HANGULLEAF];
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return -1;
+	age = tree->maxage;
+	while (*s) {
+		leaf = utf8lookup(tree, hangul, s);
+		if (!leaf)
+			return -1;
+		leaf_age = ages[LEAF_GEN(leaf)];
+		if (leaf_age <= tree->maxage && leaf_age < age)
+			age = leaf_age;
+		s += utf8clen(s);
+	}
+	return age;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Maximum age of any character in s, touch at most len bytes.
+ * Return -1 if s is not valid UTF-8 unicode.
+ */
+int utf8nagemax(struct tree *tree, const char *s, size_t len)
+{
+	utf8leaf_t	*leaf;
+	int		age = 0;
+	int		leaf_age;
+	unsigned char	hangul[UTF8HANGULLEAF];
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return -1;
+
+        while (len && *s) {
+		leaf = utf8nlookup(tree, hangul, s, len);
+		if (!leaf)
+			return -1;
+		leaf_age = ages[LEAF_GEN(leaf)];
+		if (leaf_age <= tree->maxage && leaf_age > age)
+			age = leaf_age;
+		len -= utf8clen(s);
+		s += utf8clen(s);
+	}
+	return age;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Maximum age of any character in s, touch at most len bytes.
+ * Return -1 if s is not valid UTF-8 unicode.
+ */
+int utf8nagemin(struct tree *tree, const char *s, size_t len)
+{
+	utf8leaf_t	*leaf;
+	int		leaf_age;
+	int		age;
+	unsigned char	hangul[UTF8HANGULLEAF];
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return -1;
+	age = tree->maxage;
+        while (len && *s) {
+		leaf = utf8nlookup(tree, hangul, s, len);
+		if (!leaf)
+			return -1;
+		leaf_age = ages[LEAF_GEN(leaf)];
+		if (leaf_age <= tree->maxage && leaf_age < age)
+			age = leaf_age;
+		len -= utf8clen(s);
+		s += utf8clen(s);
+	}
+	return age;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Length of the normalization of s.
+ * Return -1 if s is not valid UTF-8 unicode.
+ *
+ * A string of Default_Ignorable_Code_Point has length 0.
+ */
+ssize_t utf8len(struct tree *tree, const char *s)
+{
+	utf8leaf_t	*leaf;
+	size_t		ret = 0;
+	unsigned char	hangul[UTF8HANGULLEAF];
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return -1;
+	while (*s) {
+		leaf = utf8lookup(tree, hangul, s);
+		if (!leaf)
+			return -1;
+		if (ages[LEAF_GEN(leaf)] > tree->maxage)
+			ret += utf8clen(s);
+		else if (LEAF_CCC(leaf) == DECOMPOSE)
+			ret += strlen(LEAF_STR(leaf));
+		else
+			ret += utf8clen(s);
+		s += utf8clen(s);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Length of the normalization of s, touch at most len bytes.
+ * Return -1 if s is not valid UTF-8 unicode.
+ */
+ssize_t utf8nlen(struct tree *tree, const char *s, size_t len)
+{
+	utf8leaf_t	*leaf;
+	size_t		ret = 0;
+	unsigned char	hangul[UTF8HANGULLEAF];
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return -1;
+	while (len && *s) {
+		leaf = utf8nlookup(tree, hangul, s, len);
+		if (!leaf)
+			return -1;
+		if (ages[LEAF_GEN(leaf)] > tree->maxage)
+			ret += utf8clen(s);
+		else if (LEAF_CCC(leaf) == DECOMPOSE)
+			ret += strlen(LEAF_STR(leaf));
+		else
+			ret += utf8clen(s);
+		len -= utf8clen(s);
+		s += utf8clen(s);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Cursor structure used by the normalizer.
+ */
+struct utf8cursor {
+	struct tree	*tree;
+	const char	*s;
+	const char	*p;
+	const char	*ss;
+	const char	*sp;
+	unsigned int	len;
+	unsigned int	slen;
+	short int	ccc;
+	short int	nccc;
+	unsigned int	unichar;
+	unsigned char	hangul[UTF8HANGULLEAF];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Set up an utf8cursor for use by utf8byte().
+ *
+ *   s      : string.
+ *   len    : length of s.
+ *   u8c    : pointer to cursor.
+ *   trie   : utf8trie_t to use for normalization.
+ *
+ * Returns -1 on error, 0 on success.
+ */
+int utf8ncursor(struct utf8cursor *u8c, struct tree *tree, const char *s,
+		size_t len)
+{
+	if (!tree)
+		return -1;
+	if (!s)
+		return -1;
+	u8c->tree = tree;
+	u8c->s = s;
+	u8c->p = NULL;
+	u8c->ss = NULL;
+	u8c->sp = NULL;
+	u8c->len = len;
+	u8c->slen = 0;
+	u8c->ccc = STOPPER;
+	u8c->nccc = STOPPER;
+	u8c->unichar = 0;
+	/* Check we didn't clobber the maximum length. */
+	if (u8c->len != len)
+		return -1;
+	/* The first byte of s may not be an utf8 continuation. */
+	if (len > 0 && (*s & 0xC0) == 0x80)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set up an utf8cursor for use by utf8byte().
+ *
+ *   s      : NUL-terminated string.
+ *   u8c    : pointer to cursor.
+ *   trie   : utf8trie_t to use for normalization.
+ *
+ * Returns -1 on error, 0 on success.
+ */
+int utf8cursor(struct utf8cursor *u8c, struct tree *tree, const char *s)
+{
+	return utf8ncursor(u8c, tree, s, (unsigned int)-1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get one byte from the normalized form of the string described by u8c.
+ *
+ * Returns the byte cast to an unsigned char on succes, and -1 on failure.
+ *
+ * The cursor keeps track of the location in the string in u8c->s.
+ * When a character is decomposed, the current location is stored in
+ * u8c->p, and u8c->s is set to the start of the decomposition. Note
+ * that bytes from a decomposition do not count against u8c->len.
+ *
+ * Characters are emitted if they match the current CCC in u8c->ccc.
+ * Hitting end-of-string while u8c->ccc == STOPPER means we're done,
+ * and the function returns 0 in that case.
+ *
+ * Sorting by CCC is done by repeatedly scanning the string.  The
+ * values of u8c->s and u8c->p are stored in u8c->ss and u8c->sp at
+ * the start of the scan.  The first pass finds the lowest CCC to be
+ * emitted and stores it in u8c->nccc, the second pass emits the
+ * characters with this CCC and finds the next lowest CCC. This limits
+ * the number of passes to 1 + the number of different CCCs in the
+ * sequence being scanned.
+ *
+ * Therefore:
+ *  u8c->p  != NULL -> a decomposition is being scanned.
+ *  u8c->ss != NULL -> this is a repeating scan.
+ *  u8c->ccc == -1  -> this is the first scan of a repeating scan.
+ */
+int utf8byte(struct utf8cursor *u8c)
+{
+	utf8leaf_t *leaf;
+	int ccc;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		/* Check for the end of a decomposed character. */
+		if (u8c->p && *u8c->s == '\0') {
+			u8c->s = u8c->p;
+			u8c->p = NULL;
+		}
+
+		/* Check for end-of-string. */
+		if (!u8c->p && (u8c->len == 0 || *u8c->s == '\0')) {
+			/* There is no next byte. */
+			if (u8c->ccc == STOPPER)
+				return 0;
+			/* End-of-string during a scan counts as a stopper. */
+			ccc = STOPPER;
+			goto ccc_mismatch;
+		} else if ((*u8c->s & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+			/* This is a continuation of the current character. */
+			if (!u8c->p)
+				u8c->len--;
+			return (unsigned char)*u8c->s++;
+		}
+
+		/* Look up the data for the current character. */
+		if (u8c->p) {
+			leaf = utf8lookup(u8c->tree, u8c->hangul, u8c->s);
+		} else {
+			leaf = utf8nlookup(u8c->tree, u8c->hangul,
+					   u8c->s, u8c->len);
+		}
+
+		/* No leaf found implies that the input is a binary blob. */
+		if (!leaf)
+			return -1;
+
+		/* Characters that are too new have CCC 0. */
+		if (ages[LEAF_GEN(leaf)] > u8c->tree->maxage) {
+			ccc = STOPPER;
+		} else if ((ccc = LEAF_CCC(leaf)) == DECOMPOSE) {
+			u8c->len -= utf8clen(u8c->s);
+			u8c->p = u8c->s + utf8clen(u8c->s);
+			u8c->s = LEAF_STR(leaf);
+			/* Empty decomposition implies CCC 0. */
+			if (*u8c->s == '\0') {
+				if (u8c->ccc == STOPPER)
+					continue;
+				ccc = STOPPER;
+				goto ccc_mismatch;
+			}
+			leaf = utf8lookup(u8c->tree, u8c->hangul, u8c->s);
+			ccc = LEAF_CCC(leaf);
+		}
+		u8c->unichar = utf8decode(u8c->s);
+
+		/*
+		 * If this is not a stopper, then see if it updates
+		 * the next canonical class to be emitted.
+		 */
+		if (ccc != STOPPER && u8c->ccc < ccc && ccc < u8c->nccc)
+			u8c->nccc = ccc;
+
+		/*
+		 * Return the current byte if this is the current
+		 * combining class.
+		 */
+		if (ccc == u8c->ccc) {
+			if (!u8c->p)
+				u8c->len--;
+			return (unsigned char)*u8c->s++;
+		}
+
+		/* Current combining class mismatch. */
+	ccc_mismatch:
+		if (u8c->nccc == STOPPER) {
+			/*
+			 * Scan forward for the first canonical class
+			 * to be emitted.  Save the position from
+			 * which to restart.
+			 */
+			assert(u8c->ccc == STOPPER);
+			u8c->ccc = MINCCC - 1;
+			u8c->nccc = ccc;
+			u8c->sp = u8c->p;
+			u8c->ss = u8c->s;
+			u8c->slen = u8c->len;
+			if (!u8c->p)
+				u8c->len -= utf8clen(u8c->s);
+			u8c->s += utf8clen(u8c->s);
+		} else if (ccc != STOPPER) {
+			/* Not a stopper, and not the ccc we're emitting. */
+			if (!u8c->p)
+				u8c->len -= utf8clen(u8c->s);
+			u8c->s += utf8clen(u8c->s);
+		} else if (u8c->nccc != MAXCCC + 1) {
+			/* At a stopper, restart for next ccc. */
+			u8c->ccc = u8c->nccc;
+			u8c->nccc = MAXCCC + 1;
+			u8c->s = u8c->ss;
+			u8c->p = u8c->sp;
+			u8c->len = u8c->slen;
+		} else {
+			/* All done, proceed from here. */
+			u8c->ccc = STOPPER;
+			u8c->nccc = STOPPER;
+			u8c->sp = NULL;
+			u8c->ss = NULL;
+			u8c->slen = 0;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+static int normalize_line(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	char *s;
+	char *t;
+	int c;
+	struct utf8cursor u8c;
+
+	/* First test: null-terminated string. */
+	s = buf2;
+	t = buf3;
+	if (utf8cursor(&u8c, tree, s))
+		return -1;
+	while ((c = utf8byte(&u8c)) > 0)
+		if (c != (unsigned char)*t++)
+			return -1;
+	if (c < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (*t != 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Second test: length-limited string. */
+	s = buf2;
+	/* Replace NUL with a value that will cause an error if seen. */
+	s[strlen(s) + 1] = -1;
+	t = buf3;
+	if (utf8cursor(&u8c, tree, s))
+		return -1;
+	while ((c = utf8byte(&u8c)) > 0)
+		if (c != (unsigned char)*t++)
+			return -1;
+	if (c < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (*t != 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void normalization_test(void)
+{
+	FILE *file;
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	struct unicode_data *data;
+	char *s;
+	char *t;
+	int ret;
+	int ignorables;
+	int tests = 0;
+	int failures = 0;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Parsing %s\n", test_name);
+	/* Step one, read data from file. */
+	file = fopen(test_name, "r");
+	if (!file)
+		open_fail(test_name, errno);
+
+	while (fgets(line, LINESIZE, file)) {
+		ret = sscanf(line, "%[^;];%*[^;];%[^;];%*[^;];%*[^;];",
+			     buf0, buf1);
+		if (ret != 2 || *line == '#')
+			continue;
+		s = buf0;
+		t = buf2;
+		while (*s) {
+			unichar = strtoul(s, &s, 16);
+			t += utf8encode(t, unichar);
+		}
+		*t = '\0';
+
+		ignorables = 0;
+		s = buf1;
+		t = buf3;
+		while (*s) {
+			unichar = strtoul(s, &s, 16);
+			data = &unicode_data[unichar];
+			if (data->utf8nfdi && !*data->utf8nfdi)
+				ignorables = 1;
+			else
+				t += utf8encode(t, unichar);
+		}
+		*t = '\0';
+
+		tests++;
+		if (normalize_line(nfdi_tree) < 0) {
+			printf("Line %s -> %s", buf0, buf1);
+			if (ignorables)
+				printf(" (ignorables removed)");
+			printf(" failure\n");
+			failures++;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(file);
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Ran %d tests with %d failures\n", tests, failures);
+	if (failures)
+		file_fail(test_name);
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+static void write_file(void)
+{
+	FILE *file;
+	int i;
+	int j;
+	int t;
+	int gen;
+
+	if (verbose > 0)
+		printf("Writing %s\n", utf8_name);
+	file = fopen(utf8_name, "w");
+	if (!file)
+		open_fail(utf8_name, errno);
+
+	fprintf(file, "/* This file is generated code, do not edit. */\n");
+	fprintf(file, "#ifndef __INCLUDED_FROM_UTF8NORM_C__\n");
+	fprintf(file, "#error Only nls_utf8-norm.c should include this file.\n");
+	fprintf(file, "#endif\n");
+	fprintf(file, "\n");
+	fprintf(file, "static const unsigned int utf8vers = %#x;\n",
+		unicode_maxage);
+	fprintf(file, "\n");
+	fprintf(file, "static const unsigned int utf8agetab[] = {\n");
+	for (i = 0; i != ages_count; i++)
+		fprintf(file, "\t%#x%s\n", ages[i],
+			ages[i] == unicode_maxage ? "" : ",");
+	fprintf(file, "};\n");
+	fprintf(file, "\n");
+	fprintf(file, "static const struct utf8data utf8nfdicfdata[] = {\n");
+	t = 0;
+	for (gen = 0; gen < ages_count; gen++) {
+		fprintf(file, "\t{ %#x, %d }%s\n",
+			ages[gen], trees[t].index,
+			ages[gen] == unicode_maxage ? "" : ",");
+		if (trees[t].maxage == ages[gen])
+			t += 2;
+	}
+	fprintf(file, "};\n");
+	fprintf(file, "\n");
+	fprintf(file, "static const struct utf8data utf8nfdidata[] = {\n");
+	t = 1;
+	for (gen = 0; gen < ages_count; gen++) {
+		fprintf(file, "\t{ %#x, %d }%s\n",
+			ages[gen], trees[t].index,
+			ages[gen] == unicode_maxage ? "" : ",");
+		if (trees[t].maxage == ages[gen])
+			t += 2;
+	}
+	fprintf(file, "};\n");
+	fprintf(file, "\n");
+	fprintf(file, "static const unsigned char utf8data[%zd] = {\n",
+		utf8data_size);
+	t = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i != utf8data_size; i += 16) {
+		if (i == trees[t].index) {
+			fprintf(file, "\t/* %s_%x */\n",
+				trees[t].type, trees[t].maxage);
+			if (t < trees_count-1)
+				t++;
+		}
+		fprintf(file, "\t");
+		for (j = i; j != i + 16; j++)
+			fprintf(file, "0x%.2x%s", utf8data[j],
+				(j < utf8data_size -1 ? "," : ""));
+		fprintf(file, "\n");
+	}
+	fprintf(file, "};\n");
+	fclose(file);
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	unsigned int unichar;
+	int opt;
+
+	argv0 = argv[0];
+
+	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "a:c:d:f:hn:o:p:t:v")) != -1) {
+		switch (opt) {
+		case 'a':
+			age_name = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			ccc_name = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			data_name = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			fold_name = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'n':
+			norm_name = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'o':
+			utf8_name = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'p':
+			prop_name = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 't':
+			test_name = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			verbose++;
+			break;
+		case 'h':
+			help();
+			exit(0);
+		default:
+			usage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (verbose > 1)
+		help();
+	for (unichar = 0; unichar != 0x110000; unichar++)
+		unicode_data[unichar].code = unichar;
+	age_init();
+	ccc_init();
+	nfdi_init();
+	nfdicf_init();
+	ignore_init();
+	corrections_init();
+	hangul_decompose();
+	nfdi_decompose();
+	nfdicf_decompose();
+	utf8_init();
+	trees_init();
+	trees_populate();
+	trees_reduce();
+	trees_verify();
+	/* Prevent "unused function" warning. */
+	(void)lookup(nfdi_tree, " ");
+	if (verbose > 2)
+		tree_walk(nfdi_tree);
+	if (verbose > 2)
+		tree_walk(nfdicf_tree);
+	normalization_test();
+	write_file();
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/fs/unicode/utf8data.h b/fs/unicode/utf8data.h_shipped
index 76e4f0e1b089..76e4f0e1b089 100644
--- a/fs/unicode/utf8data.h
+++ b/fs/unicode/utf8data.h_shipped