CRED: Add some configurable debugging [try #6]

Add a config option (CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS) to turn on some debug checking
for credential management.  The additional code keeps track of the number of
pointers from task_structs to any given cred struct, and checks to see that
this number never exceeds the usage count of the cred struct (which includes
all references, not just those from task_structs).

Furthermore, if SELinux is enabled, the code also checks that the security
pointer in the cred struct is never seen to be invalid.

This attempts to catch the bug whereby inode_has_perm() faults in an nfsd
kernel thread on seeing cred->security be a NULL pointer (it appears that the
credential struct has been previously released):

	http://www.kerneloops.org/oops.php?number=252883

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>

4 files changed, 251 insertions, 10 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/cred.c b/kernel/cred.c
index 1bb4d7e5d616..24dd2f5104b1 100644
--- a/kernel/cred.c
+++ b/kernel/cred.c
@@ -18,6 +18,18 @@
 #include <linux/cn_proc.h>
 #include "cred-internals.h"
 
+#if 0
+#define kdebug(FMT, ...) \
+	printk("[%-5.5s%5u] "FMT"\n", current->comm, current->pid ,##__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+static inline __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
+void no_printk(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+}
+#define kdebug(FMT, ...) \
+	no_printk("[%-5.5s%5u] "FMT"\n", current->comm, current->pid ,##__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
 static struct kmem_cache *cred_jar;
 
 /*
@@ -36,6 +48,10 @@ static struct thread_group_cred init_tgcred = {
  */
 struct cred init_cred = {
 	.usage			= ATOMIC_INIT(4),
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
+	.subscribers		= ATOMIC_INIT(2),
+	.magic			= CRED_MAGIC,
+#endif
 	.securebits		= SECUREBITS_DEFAULT,
 	.cap_inheritable	= CAP_INIT_INH_SET,
 	.cap_permitted		= CAP_FULL_SET,
@@ -48,6 +64,31 @@ struct cred init_cred = {
 #endif
 };
 
+static inline void set_cred_subscribers(struct cred *cred, int n)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
+	atomic_set(&cred->subscribers, n);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int read_cred_subscribers(const struct cred *cred)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
+	return atomic_read(&cred->subscribers);
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void alter_cred_subscribers(const struct cred *_cred, int n)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
+	struct cred *cred = (struct cred *) _cred;
+
+	atomic_add(n, &cred->subscribers);
+#endif
+}
+
 /*
  * Dispose of the shared task group credentials
  */
@@ -85,9 +126,22 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 {
 	struct cred *cred = container_of(rcu, struct cred, rcu);
 
+	kdebug("put_cred_rcu(%p)", cred);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
+	if (cred->magic != CRED_MAGIC_DEAD ||
+	    atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
+	    read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0)
+		panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with"
+		      " mag %x, put %p, usage %d, subscr %d\n",
+		      cred, cred->magic, cred->put_addr,
+		      atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+		      read_cred_subscribers(cred));
+#else
 	if (atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
 		panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with usage %d\n",
 		      cred, atomic_read(&cred->usage));
+#endif
 
 	security_cred_free(cred);
 	key_put(cred->thread_keyring);
@@ -106,12 +160,47 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
  */
 void __put_cred(struct cred *cred)
 {
+	kdebug("__put_cred(%p{%d,%d})", cred,
+	       atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+	       read_cred_subscribers(cred));
+
 	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
+	BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0);
+	cred->magic = CRED_MAGIC_DEAD;
+	cred->put_addr = __builtin_return_address(0);
+#endif
+	BUG_ON(cred == current->cred);
+	BUG_ON(cred == current->real_cred);
 
 	call_rcu(&cred->rcu, put_cred_rcu);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__put_cred);
 
+/*
+ * Clean up a task's credentials when it exits
+ */
+void exit_creds(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	struct cred *cred;
+
+	kdebug("exit_creds(%u,%p,%p,{%d,%d})", tsk->pid, tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
+	       atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+	       read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
+
+	cred = (struct cred *) tsk->real_cred;
+	tsk->real_cred = NULL;
+	validate_creds(cred);
+	alter_cred_subscribers(cred, -1);
+	put_cred(cred);
+
+	cred = (struct cred *) tsk->cred;
+	tsk->cred = NULL;
+	validate_creds(cred);
+	alter_cred_subscribers(cred, -1);
+	put_cred(cred);
+}
+
 /**
  * prepare_creds - Prepare a new set of credentials for modification
  *
@@ -132,16 +221,19 @@ struct cred *prepare_creds(void)
 	const struct cred *old;
 	struct cred *new;
 
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&task->real_cred->usage) < 1);
+	validate_process_creds();
 
 	new = kmem_cache_alloc(cred_jar, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!new)
 		return NULL;
 
+	kdebug("prepare_creds() alloc %p", new);
+
 	old = task->cred;
 	memcpy(new, old, sizeof(struct cred));
 
 	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
 	get_group_info(new->group_info);
 	get_uid(new->user);
 
@@ -157,6 +249,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_creds(void)
 
 	if (security_prepare_creds(new, old, GFP_KERNEL) < 0)
 		goto error;
+	validate_creds(new);
 	return new;
 
 error:
@@ -229,9 +322,12 @@ struct cred *prepare_usermodehelper_creds(void)
 	if (!new)
 		return NULL;
 
+	kdebug("prepare_usermodehelper_creds() alloc %p", new);
+
 	memcpy(new, &init_cred, sizeof(struct cred));
 
 	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
 	get_group_info(new->group_info);
 	get_uid(new->user);
 
@@ -250,6 +346,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_usermodehelper_creds(void)
 #endif
 	if (security_prepare_creds(new, &init_cred, GFP_ATOMIC) < 0)
 		goto error;
+	validate_creds(new);
 
 	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) != 1);
 	return new;
@@ -286,6 +383,10 @@ int copy_creds(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags)
 	    ) {
 		p->real_cred = get_cred(p->cred);
 		get_cred(p->cred);
+		alter_cred_subscribers(p->cred, 2);
+		kdebug("share_creds(%p{%d,%d})",
+		       p->cred, atomic_read(&p->cred->usage),
+		       read_cred_subscribers(p->cred));
 		atomic_inc(&p->cred->user->processes);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -331,6 +432,8 @@ int copy_creds(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags)
 
 	atomic_inc(&new->user->processes);
 	p->cred = p->real_cred = get_cred(new);
+	alter_cred_subscribers(new, 2);
+	validate_creds(new);
 	return 0;
 
 error_put:
@@ -355,13 +458,20 @@ error_put:
 int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
 {
 	struct task_struct *task = current;
-	const struct cred *old;
+	const struct cred *old = task->real_cred;
 
-	BUG_ON(task->cred != task->real_cred);
-	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&task->real_cred->usage) < 2);
+	kdebug("commit_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
+	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
+
+	BUG_ON(task->cred != old);
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
+	BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(old) < 2);
+	validate_creds(old);
+	validate_creds(new);
+#endif
 	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
 
-	old = task->real_cred;
 	security_commit_creds(new, old);
 
 	get_cred(new); /* we will require a ref for the subj creds too */
@@ -390,12 +500,14 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
 	 *   cheaply with the new uid cache, so if it matters
 	 *   we should be checking for it.  -DaveM
 	 */
+	alter_cred_subscribers(new, 2);
 	if (new->user != old->user)
 		atomic_inc(&new->user->processes);
 	rcu_assign_pointer(task->real_cred, new);
 	rcu_assign_pointer(task->cred, new);
 	if (new->user != old->user)
 		atomic_dec(&old->user->processes);
+	alter_cred_subscribers(old, -2);
 
 	sched_switch_user(task);
 
@@ -428,6 +540,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(commit_creds);
  */
 void abort_creds(struct cred *new)
 {
+	kdebug("abort_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
+	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
+	BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(new) != 0);
+#endif
 	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
 	put_cred(new);
 }
@@ -444,7 +563,20 @@ const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
 {
 	const struct cred *old = current->cred;
 
-	rcu_assign_pointer(current->cred, get_cred(new));
+	kdebug("override_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
+	       atomic_read(&new->usage),
+	       read_cred_subscribers(new));
+
+	validate_creds(old);
+	validate_creds(new);
+	get_cred(new);
+	alter_cred_subscribers(new, 1);
+	rcu_assign_pointer(current->cred, new);
+	alter_cred_subscribers(old, -1);
+
+	kdebug("override_creds() = %p{%d,%d}", old,
+	       atomic_read(&old->usage),
+	       read_cred_subscribers(old));
 	return old;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(override_creds);
@@ -460,7 +592,15 @@ void revert_creds(const struct cred *old)
 {
 	const struct cred *override = current->cred;
 
+	kdebug("revert_creds(%p{%d,%d})", old,
+	       atomic_read(&old->usage),
+	       read_cred_subscribers(old));
+
+	validate_creds(old);
+	validate_creds(override);
+	alter_cred_subscribers(old, 1);
 	rcu_assign_pointer(current->cred, old);
+	alter_cred_subscribers(override, -1);
 	put_cred(override);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(revert_creds);
@@ -502,11 +642,15 @@ struct cred *prepare_kernel_cred(struct task_struct *daemon)
 	if (!new)
 		return NULL;
 
+	kdebug("prepare_kernel_cred() alloc %p", new);
+
 	if (daemon)
 		old = get_task_cred(daemon);
 	else
 		old = get_cred(&init_cred);
 
+	validate_creds(old);
+
 	*new = *old;
 	get_uid(new->user);
 	get_group_info(new->group_info);
@@ -526,7 +670,9 @@ struct cred *prepare_kernel_cred(struct task_struct *daemon)
 		goto error;
 
 	atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+	set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
 	put_cred(old);
+	validate_creds(new);
 	return new;
 
 error:
@@ -589,3 +735,95 @@ int set_create_files_as(struct cred *new, struct inode *inode)
 	return security_kernel_create_files_as(new, inode);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_create_files_as);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
+
+/*
+ * dump invalid credentials
+ */
+static void dump_invalid_creds(const struct cred *cred, const char *label,
+			       const struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: %s credentials: %p %s%s%s\n",
+	       label, cred,
+	       cred == &init_cred ? "[init]" : "",
+	       cred == tsk->real_cred ? "[real]" : "",
+	       cred == tsk->cred ? "[eff]" : "");
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->magic=%x, put_addr=%p\n",
+	       cred->magic, cred->put_addr);
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->usage=%d, subscr=%d\n",
+	       atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+	       read_cred_subscribers(cred));
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->*uid = { %d,%d,%d,%d }\n",
+	       cred->uid, cred->euid, cred->suid, cred->fsuid);
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->*gid = { %d,%d,%d,%d }\n",
+	       cred->gid, cred->egid, cred->sgid, cred->fsgid);
+#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->security is %p\n", cred->security);
+	if ((unsigned long) cred->security >= PAGE_SIZE &&
+	    (((unsigned long) cred->security & 0xffffff00) !=
+	     (POISON_FREE << 24 | POISON_FREE << 16 | POISON_FREE << 8)))
+		printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->security {%x, %x}\n",
+		       ((u32*)cred->security)[0],
+		       ((u32*)cred->security)[1]);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * report use of invalid credentials
+ */
+void __invalid_creds(const struct cred *cred, const char *file, unsigned line)
+{
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: Invalid credentials\n");
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: At %s:%u\n", file, line);
+	dump_invalid_creds(cred, "Specified", current);
+	BUG();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__invalid_creds);
+
+/*
+ * check the credentials on a process
+ */
+void __validate_process_creds(struct task_struct *tsk,
+			      const char *file, unsigned line)
+{
+	if (tsk->cred == tsk->real_cred) {
+		if (unlikely(read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred) < 2 ||
+			     creds_are_invalid(tsk->cred)))
+			goto invalid_creds;
+	} else {
+		if (unlikely(read_cred_subscribers(tsk->real_cred) < 1 ||
+			     read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred) < 1 ||
+			     creds_are_invalid(tsk->real_cred) ||
+			     creds_are_invalid(tsk->cred)))
+			goto invalid_creds;
+	}
+	return;
+
+invalid_creds:
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: Invalid process credentials\n");
+	printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: At %s:%u\n", file, line);
+
+	dump_invalid_creds(tsk->real_cred, "Real", tsk);
+	if (tsk->cred != tsk->real_cred)
+		dump_invalid_creds(tsk->cred, "Effective", tsk);
+	else
+		printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: Effective creds == Real creds\n");
+	BUG();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__validate_process_creds);
+
+/*
+ * check creds for do_exit()
+ */
+void validate_creds_for_do_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	kdebug("validate_creds_for_do_exit(%p,%p{%d,%d})",
+	       tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
+	       atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+	       read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));
+
+	__validate_process_creds(tsk, __FILE__, __LINE__);
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS */
diff --git a/kernel/exit.c b/kernel/exit.c
index 869dc221733e..c98ff7a8025f 100644
--- a/kernel/exit.c
+++ b/kernel/exit.c
@@ -901,6 +901,8 @@ NORET_TYPE void do_exit(long code)
 
 	tracehook_report_exit(&code);
 
+	validate_creds_for_do_exit(tsk);
+
 	/*
 	 * We're taking recursive faults here in do_exit. Safest is to just
 	 * leave this task alone and wait for reboot.
@@ -1009,6 +1011,8 @@ NORET_TYPE void do_exit(long code)
 	if (tsk->splice_pipe)
 		__free_pipe_info(tsk->splice_pipe);
 
+	validate_creds_for_do_exit(tsk);
+
 	preempt_disable();
 	/* causes final put_task_struct in finish_task_switch(). */
 	tsk->state = TASK_DEAD;
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 144326b7af50..043b5d88049b 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -152,8 +152,7 @@ void __put_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	WARN_ON(atomic_read(&tsk->usage));
 	WARN_ON(tsk == current);
 
-	put_cred(tsk->real_cred);
-	put_cred(tsk->cred);
+	exit_creds(tsk);
 	delayacct_tsk_free(tsk);
 
 	if (!profile_handoff_task(tsk))
@@ -1307,8 +1306,7 @@ bad_fork_cleanup_put_domain:
 	module_put(task_thread_info(p)->exec_domain->module);
 bad_fork_cleanup_count:
 	atomic_dec(&p->cred->user->processes);
-	put_cred(p->real_cred);
-	put_cred(p->cred);
+	exit_creds(p);
 bad_fork_free:
 	free_task(p);
 fork_out:
diff --git a/kernel/kmod.c b/kernel/kmod.c
index 5a7ae57f983f..4e8cae2e9148 100644
--- a/kernel/kmod.c
+++ b/kernel/kmod.c
@@ -466,6 +466,7 @@ int call_usermodehelper_exec(struct subprocess_info *sub_info,
 	int retval = 0;
 
 	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&sub_info->cred->usage) != 1);
+	validate_creds(sub_info->cred);
 
 	helper_lock();
 	if (sub_info->path[0] == '\0')