summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/tools
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2020-02-21 20:59:51 +0100
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2020-02-21 20:59:51 +0100
commit3dc55dba67231fc22352483f5ca737df96cdc1e6 (patch)
tree5eec1f5ce42822cb744313ec394b761fab0f7ed6 /tools
parentMerge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew) (diff)
parentMerge branch 'bnxt_en-shutdown-and-kexec-kdump-related-fixes' (diff)
downloadlinux-3dc55dba67231fc22352483f5ca737df96cdc1e6.tar.xz
linux-3dc55dba67231fc22352483f5ca737df96cdc1e6.zip
Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net
Pull networking fixes from David Miller: 1) Limit xt_hashlimit hash table size to avoid OOM or hung tasks, from Cong Wang. 2) Fix deadlock in xsk by publishing global consumer pointers when NAPI is finished, from Magnus Karlsson. 3) Set table field properly to RT_TABLE_COMPAT when necessary, from Jethro Beekman. 4) NLA_STRING attributes are not necessary NULL terminated, deal wiht that in IFLA_ALT_IFNAME. From Eric Dumazet. 5) Fix checksum handling in atlantic driver, from Dmitry Bezrukov. 6) Handle mtu==0 devices properly in wireguard, from Jason A. Donenfeld. 7) Fix several lockdep warnings in bonding, from Taehee Yoo. 8) Fix cls_flower port blocking, from Jason Baron. 9) Sanitize internal map names in libbpf, from Toke Høiland-Jørgensen. 10) Fix RDMA race in qede driver, from Michal Kalderon. 11) Fix several false lockdep warnings by adding conditions to list_for_each_entry_rcu(), from Madhuparna Bhowmik. 12) Fix sleep in atomic in mlx5 driver, from Huy Nguyen. 13) Fix potential deadlock in bpf_map_do_batch(), from Yonghong Song. 14) Hey, variables declared in switch statement before any case statements are not initialized. I learn something every day. Get rids of this stuff in several parts of the networking, from Kees Cook. * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net: (99 commits) bnxt_en: Issue PCIe FLR in kdump kernel to cleanup pending DMAs. bnxt_en: Improve device shutdown method. net: netlink: cap max groups which will be considered in netlink_bind() net: thunderx: workaround BGX TX Underflow issue ionic: fix fw_status read net: disable BRIDGE_NETFILTER by default net: macb: Properly handle phylink on at91rm9200 s390/qeth: fix off-by-one in RX copybreak check s390/qeth: don't warn for napi with 0 budget s390/qeth: vnicc Fix EOPNOTSUPP precedence openvswitch: Distribute switch variables for initialization net: ip6_gre: Distribute switch variables for initialization net: core: Distribute switch variables for initialization udp: rehash on disconnect net/tls: Fix to avoid gettig invalid tls record bpf: Fix a potential deadlock with bpf_map_do_batch bpf: Do not grab the bucket spinlock by default on htab batch ops ice: Wait for VF to be reset/ready before configuration ice: Don't tell the OS that link is going down ice: Don't reject odd values of usecs set by user ...
Diffstat (limited to 'tools')
-rw-r--r--tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h16
-rw-r--r--tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c8
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/select_reuseport.c8
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c5
-rwxr-xr-xtools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh6
-rwxr-xr-xtools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/mirror_gre.sh25
-rwxr-xr-xtools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/vxlan_bridge_1d.sh6
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/wireguard/qemu/Makefile38
8 files changed, 61 insertions, 51 deletions
diff --git a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
index f1d74a2bd234..22f235260a3a 100644
--- a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
@@ -1045,9 +1045,9 @@ union bpf_attr {
* supports redirection to the egress interface, and accepts no
* flag at all.
*
- * The same effect can be attained with the more generic
- * **bpf_redirect_map**\ (), which requires specific maps to be
- * used but offers better performance.
+ * The same effect can also be attained with the more generic
+ * **bpf_redirect_map**\ (), which uses a BPF map to store the
+ * redirect target instead of providing it directly to the helper.
* Return
* For XDP, the helper returns **XDP_REDIRECT** on success or
* **XDP_ABORTED** on error. For other program types, the values
@@ -1611,13 +1611,11 @@ union bpf_attr {
* the caller. Any higher bits in the *flags* argument must be
* unset.
*
- * When used to redirect packets to net devices, this helper
- * provides a high performance increase over **bpf_redirect**\ ().
- * This is due to various implementation details of the underlying
- * mechanisms, one of which is the fact that **bpf_redirect_map**\
- * () tries to send packet as a "bulk" to the device.
+ * See also bpf_redirect(), which only supports redirecting to an
+ * ifindex, but doesn't require a map to do so.
* Return
- * **XDP_REDIRECT** on success, or **XDP_ABORTED** on error.
+ * **XDP_REDIRECT** on success, or the value of the two lower bits
+ * of the **flags* argument on error.
*
* int bpf_sk_redirect_map(struct sk_buff *skb, struct bpf_map *map, u32 key, u64 flags)
* Description
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
index 514b1a524abb..7469c7dcc15e 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
#include <endian.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
@@ -1283,7 +1284,7 @@ static size_t bpf_map_mmap_sz(const struct bpf_map *map)
static char *internal_map_name(struct bpf_object *obj,
enum libbpf_map_type type)
{
- char map_name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN];
+ char map_name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN], *p;
const char *sfx = libbpf_type_to_btf_name[type];
int sfx_len = max((size_t)7, strlen(sfx));
int pfx_len = min((size_t)BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN - sfx_len - 1,
@@ -1292,6 +1293,11 @@ static char *internal_map_name(struct bpf_object *obj,
snprintf(map_name, sizeof(map_name), "%.*s%.*s", pfx_len, obj->name,
sfx_len, libbpf_type_to_btf_name[type]);
+ /* sanitise map name to characters allowed by kernel */
+ for (p = map_name; *p && p < map_name + sizeof(map_name); p++)
+ if (!isalnum(*p) && *p != '_' && *p != '.')
+ *p = '_';
+
return strdup(map_name);
}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/select_reuseport.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/select_reuseport.c
index 098bcae5f827..0800036ed654 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/select_reuseport.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/select_reuseport.c
@@ -506,8 +506,10 @@ static void test_syncookie(int type, sa_family_t family)
.pass_on_failure = 0,
};
- if (type != SOCK_STREAM)
+ if (type != SOCK_STREAM) {
+ test__skip();
return;
+ }
/*
* +1 for TCP-SYN and
@@ -822,8 +824,10 @@ void test_select_reuseport(void)
goto out;
saved_tcp_fo = read_int_sysctl(TCP_FO_SYSCTL);
+ if (saved_tcp_fo < 0)
+ goto out;
saved_tcp_syncookie = read_int_sysctl(TCP_SYNCOOKIE_SYSCTL);
- if (saved_tcp_syncookie < 0 || saved_tcp_syncookie < 0)
+ if (saved_tcp_syncookie < 0)
goto out;
if (enable_fastopen())
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c
index 07f5b462c2ef..aa43e0bd210c 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/sockmap_basic.c
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@
#include "test_progs.h"
+#define TCP_REPAIR 19 /* TCP sock is under repair right now */
+
+#define TCP_REPAIR_ON 1
+#define TCP_REPAIR_OFF_NO_WP -1 /* Turn off without window probes */
+
static int connected_socket_v4(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in addr = {
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh
index 6dd403103800..60273f1bc7d9 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh
@@ -910,6 +910,12 @@ ipv6_rt_replace_mpath()
check_route6 "2001:db8:104::/64 via 2001:db8:101::3 dev veth1 metric 1024"
log_test $? 0 "Multipath with single path via multipath attribute"
+ # multipath with dev-only
+ add_initial_route6 "nexthop via 2001:db8:101::2 nexthop via 2001:db8:103::2"
+ run_cmd "$IP -6 ro replace 2001:db8:104::/64 dev veth1"
+ check_route6 "2001:db8:104::/64 dev veth1 metric 1024"
+ log_test $? 0 "Multipath with dev-only"
+
# route replace fails - invalid nexthop 1
add_initial_route6 "nexthop via 2001:db8:101::2 nexthop via 2001:db8:103::2"
run_cmd "$IP -6 ro replace 2001:db8:104::/64 nexthop via 2001:db8:111::3 nexthop via 2001:db8:103::3"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/mirror_gre.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/mirror_gre.sh
index e6fd7a18c655..0266443601bc 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/mirror_gre.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/mirror_gre.sh
@@ -63,22 +63,23 @@ test_span_gre_mac()
{
local tundev=$1; shift
local direction=$1; shift
- local prot=$1; shift
local what=$1; shift
- local swp3mac=$(mac_get $swp3)
- local h3mac=$(mac_get $h3)
+ case "$direction" in
+ ingress) local src_mac=$(mac_get $h1); local dst_mac=$(mac_get $h2)
+ ;;
+ egress) local src_mac=$(mac_get $h2); local dst_mac=$(mac_get $h1)
+ ;;
+ esac
RET=0
mirror_install $swp1 $direction $tundev "matchall $tcflags"
- tc filter add dev $h3 ingress pref 77 prot $prot \
- flower ip_proto 0x2f src_mac $swp3mac dst_mac $h3mac \
- action pass
+ icmp_capture_install h3-${tundev} "src_mac $src_mac dst_mac $dst_mac"
- mirror_test v$h1 192.0.2.1 192.0.2.2 $h3 77 10
+ mirror_test v$h1 192.0.2.1 192.0.2.2 h3-${tundev} 100 10
- tc filter del dev $h3 ingress pref 77
+ icmp_capture_uninstall h3-${tundev}
mirror_uninstall $swp1 $direction
log_test "$direction $what: envelope MAC ($tcflags)"
@@ -120,14 +121,14 @@ test_ip6gretap()
test_gretap_mac()
{
- test_span_gre_mac gt4 ingress ip "mirror to gretap"
- test_span_gre_mac gt4 egress ip "mirror to gretap"
+ test_span_gre_mac gt4 ingress "mirror to gretap"
+ test_span_gre_mac gt4 egress "mirror to gretap"
}
test_ip6gretap_mac()
{
- test_span_gre_mac gt6 ingress ipv6 "mirror to ip6gretap"
- test_span_gre_mac gt6 egress ipv6 "mirror to ip6gretap"
+ test_span_gre_mac gt6 ingress "mirror to ip6gretap"
+ test_span_gre_mac gt6 egress "mirror to ip6gretap"
}
test_all()
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/vxlan_bridge_1d.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/vxlan_bridge_1d.sh
index bb10e33690b2..ce6bea9675c0 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/vxlan_bridge_1d.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/forwarding/vxlan_bridge_1d.sh
@@ -516,9 +516,9 @@ test_tos()
RET=0
tc filter add dev v1 egress pref 77 prot ip \
- flower ip_tos 0x40 action pass
- vxlan_ping_test $h1 192.0.2.3 "-Q 0x40" v1 egress 77 10
- vxlan_ping_test $h1 192.0.2.3 "-Q 0x30" v1 egress 77 0
+ flower ip_tos 0x14 action pass
+ vxlan_ping_test $h1 192.0.2.3 "-Q 0x14" v1 egress 77 10
+ vxlan_ping_test $h1 192.0.2.3 "-Q 0x18" v1 egress 77 0
tc filter del dev v1 egress pref 77 prot ip
log_test "VXLAN: envelope TOS inheritance"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/wireguard/qemu/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/wireguard/qemu/Makefile
index f10aa3590adc..28d477683e8a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/wireguard/qemu/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/wireguard/qemu/Makefile
@@ -38,19 +38,17 @@ endef
define file_download =
$(DISTFILES_PATH)/$(1):
mkdir -p $(DISTFILES_PATH)
- flock -x $$@.lock -c '[ -f $$@ ] && exit 0; wget -O $$@.tmp $(MIRROR)$(1) || wget -O $$@.tmp $(2)$(1) || rm -f $$@.tmp'
- if echo "$(3) $$@.tmp" | sha256sum -c -; then mv $$@.tmp $$@; else rm -f $$@.tmp; exit 71; fi
+ flock -x $$@.lock -c '[ -f $$@ ] && exit 0; wget -O $$@.tmp $(MIRROR)$(1) || wget -O $$@.tmp $(2)$(1) || rm -f $$@.tmp; [ -f $$@.tmp ] || exit 1; if echo "$(3) $$@.tmp" | sha256sum -c -; then mv $$@.tmp $$@; else rm -f $$@.tmp; exit 71; fi'
endef
$(eval $(call tar_download,MUSL,musl,1.1.24,.tar.gz,https://www.musl-libc.org/releases/,1370c9a812b2cf2a7d92802510cca0058cc37e66a7bedd70051f0a34015022a3))
-$(eval $(call tar_download,LIBMNL,libmnl,1.0.4,.tar.bz2,https://www.netfilter.org/projects/libmnl/files/,171f89699f286a5854b72b91d06e8f8e3683064c5901fb09d954a9ab6f551f81))
$(eval $(call tar_download,IPERF,iperf,3.7,.tar.gz,https://downloads.es.net/pub/iperf/,d846040224317caf2f75c843d309a950a7db23f9b44b94688ccbe557d6d1710c))
$(eval $(call tar_download,BASH,bash,5.0,.tar.gz,https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/,b4a80f2ac66170b2913efbfb9f2594f1f76c7b1afd11f799e22035d63077fb4d))
$(eval $(call tar_download,IPROUTE2,iproute2,5.4.0,.tar.xz,https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/,fe97aa60a0d4c5ac830be18937e18dc3400ca713a33a89ad896ff1e3d46086ae))
$(eval $(call tar_download,IPTABLES,iptables,1.8.4,.tar.bz2,https://www.netfilter.org/projects/iptables/files/,993a3a5490a544c2cbf2ef15cf7e7ed21af1845baf228318d5c36ef8827e157c))
$(eval $(call tar_download,NMAP,nmap,7.80,.tar.bz2,https://nmap.org/dist/,fcfa5a0e42099e12e4bf7a68ebe6fde05553383a682e816a7ec9256ab4773faa))
$(eval $(call tar_download,IPUTILS,iputils,s20190709,.tar.gz,https://github.com/iputils/iputils/archive/s20190709.tar.gz/#,a15720dd741d7538dd2645f9f516d193636ae4300ff7dbc8bfca757bf166490a))
-$(eval $(call tar_download,WIREGUARD_TOOLS,wireguard-tools,1.0.20191226,.tar.xz,https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-tools/snapshot/,aa8af0fdc9872d369d8c890a84dbc2a2466b55795dccd5b47721b2d97644b04f))
+$(eval $(call tar_download,WIREGUARD_TOOLS,wireguard-tools,1.0.20200206,.tar.xz,https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-tools/snapshot/,f5207248c6a3c3e3bfc9ab30b91c1897b00802ed861e1f9faaed873366078c64))
KERNEL_BUILD_PATH := $(BUILD_PATH)/kernel$(if $(findstring yes,$(DEBUG_KERNEL)),-debug)
rwildcard=$(foreach d,$(wildcard $1*),$(call rwildcard,$d/,$2) $(filter $(subst *,%,$2),$d))
@@ -295,21 +293,13 @@ $(IPERF_PATH)/src/iperf3: | $(IPERF_PATH)/.installed $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
$(MAKE) -C $(IPERF_PATH)
$(STRIP) -s $@
-$(LIBMNL_PATH)/.installed: $(LIBMNL_TAR)
- flock -s $<.lock tar -C $(BUILD_PATH) -xf $<
- touch $@
-
-$(LIBMNL_PATH)/src/.libs/libmnl.a: | $(LIBMNL_PATH)/.installed $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
- cd $(LIBMNL_PATH) && ./configure --prefix=/ $(CROSS_COMPILE_FLAG) --enable-static --disable-shared
- $(MAKE) -C $(LIBMNL_PATH)
- sed -i 's:prefix=.*:prefix=$(LIBMNL_PATH):' $(LIBMNL_PATH)/libmnl.pc
-
$(WIREGUARD_TOOLS_PATH)/.installed: $(WIREGUARD_TOOLS_TAR)
+ mkdir -p $(BUILD_PATH)
flock -s $<.lock tar -C $(BUILD_PATH) -xf $<
touch $@
-$(WIREGUARD_TOOLS_PATH)/src/wg: | $(WIREGUARD_TOOLS_PATH)/.installed $(LIBMNL_PATH)/src/.libs/libmnl.a $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
- LDFLAGS="$(LDFLAGS) -L$(LIBMNL_PATH)/src/.libs" $(MAKE) -C $(WIREGUARD_TOOLS_PATH)/src LIBMNL_CFLAGS="-I$(LIBMNL_PATH)/include" LIBMNL_LDLIBS="-lmnl" wg
+$(WIREGUARD_TOOLS_PATH)/src/wg: | $(WIREGUARD_TOOLS_PATH)/.installed $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
+ $(MAKE) -C $(WIREGUARD_TOOLS_PATH)/src wg
$(STRIP) -s $@
$(BUILD_PATH)/init: init.c | $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
@@ -340,17 +330,17 @@ $(BASH_PATH)/bash: | $(BASH_PATH)/.installed $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
$(IPROUTE2_PATH)/.installed: $(IPROUTE2_TAR)
mkdir -p $(BUILD_PATH)
flock -s $<.lock tar -C $(BUILD_PATH) -xf $<
- printf 'CC:=$(CC)\nPKG_CONFIG:=pkg-config\nTC_CONFIG_XT:=n\nTC_CONFIG_ATM:=n\nTC_CONFIG_IPSET:=n\nIP_CONFIG_SETNS:=y\nHAVE_ELF:=n\nHAVE_MNL:=y\nHAVE_BERKELEY_DB:=n\nHAVE_LATEX:=n\nHAVE_PDFLATEX:=n\nCFLAGS+=-DHAVE_SETNS -DHAVE_LIBMNL -I$(LIBMNL_PATH)/include\nLDLIBS+=-lmnl' > $(IPROUTE2_PATH)/config.mk
+ printf 'CC:=$(CC)\nPKG_CONFIG:=pkg-config\nTC_CONFIG_XT:=n\nTC_CONFIG_ATM:=n\nTC_CONFIG_IPSET:=n\nIP_CONFIG_SETNS:=y\nHAVE_ELF:=n\nHAVE_MNL:=n\nHAVE_BERKELEY_DB:=n\nHAVE_LATEX:=n\nHAVE_PDFLATEX:=n\nCFLAGS+=-DHAVE_SETNS\n' > $(IPROUTE2_PATH)/config.mk
printf 'lib: snapshot\n\t$$(MAKE) -C lib\nip/ip: lib\n\t$$(MAKE) -C ip ip\nmisc/ss: lib\n\t$$(MAKE) -C misc ss\n' >> $(IPROUTE2_PATH)/Makefile
touch $@
-$(IPROUTE2_PATH)/ip/ip: | $(IPROUTE2_PATH)/.installed $(LIBMNL_PATH)/src/.libs/libmnl.a $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
- LDFLAGS="$(LDFLAGS) -L$(LIBMNL_PATH)/src/.libs" PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR="$(LIBMNL_PATH)" $(MAKE) -C $(IPROUTE2_PATH) PREFIX=/ ip/ip
- $(STRIP) -s $(IPROUTE2_PATH)/ip/ip
+$(IPROUTE2_PATH)/ip/ip: | $(IPROUTE2_PATH)/.installed $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
+ $(MAKE) -C $(IPROUTE2_PATH) PREFIX=/ ip/ip
+ $(STRIP) -s $@
-$(IPROUTE2_PATH)/misc/ss: | $(IPROUTE2_PATH)/.installed $(LIBMNL_PATH)/src/.libs/libmnl.a $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
- LDFLAGS="$(LDFLAGS) -L$(LIBMNL_PATH)/src/.libs" PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR="$(LIBMNL_PATH)" $(MAKE) -C $(IPROUTE2_PATH) PREFIX=/ misc/ss
- $(STRIP) -s $(IPROUTE2_PATH)/misc/ss
+$(IPROUTE2_PATH)/misc/ss: | $(IPROUTE2_PATH)/.installed $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
+ $(MAKE) -C $(IPROUTE2_PATH) PREFIX=/ misc/ss
+ $(STRIP) -s $@
$(IPTABLES_PATH)/.installed: $(IPTABLES_TAR)
mkdir -p $(BUILD_PATH)
@@ -358,8 +348,8 @@ $(IPTABLES_PATH)/.installed: $(IPTABLES_TAR)
sed -i -e "/nfnetlink=[01]/s:=[01]:=0:" -e "/nfconntrack=[01]/s:=[01]:=0:" $(IPTABLES_PATH)/configure
touch $@
-$(IPTABLES_PATH)/iptables/xtables-legacy-multi: | $(IPTABLES_PATH)/.installed $(LIBMNL_PATH)/src/.libs/libmnl.a $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
- cd $(IPTABLES_PATH) && PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR="$(LIBMNL_PATH)" ./configure --prefix=/ $(CROSS_COMPILE_FLAG) --enable-static --disable-shared --disable-nftables --disable-bpf-compiler --disable-nfsynproxy --disable-libipq --with-kernel=$(BUILD_PATH)/include
+$(IPTABLES_PATH)/iptables/xtables-legacy-multi: | $(IPTABLES_PATH)/.installed $(USERSPACE_DEPS)
+ cd $(IPTABLES_PATH) && ./configure --prefix=/ $(CROSS_COMPILE_FLAG) --enable-static --disable-shared --disable-nftables --disable-bpf-compiler --disable-nfsynproxy --disable-libipq --disable-connlabel --with-kernel=$(BUILD_PATH)/include
$(MAKE) -C $(IPTABLES_PATH)
$(STRIP) -s $@