diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/admin-guide')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-integrity.rst | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 107 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.rst | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/media/rkisp1.rst | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/mm/concepts.rst | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/perf/arm-cmn.rst | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/syscall-user-dispatch.rst | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/thunderbolt.rst | 23 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst | 42 |
13 files changed, 198 insertions, 55 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst index 7a864131e5ea..59cd902e3549 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Here is what the fields mean: - ``name`` is an identifier string. A new /proc file will be created with this - ``name below /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc``; cannot contain slashes ``/`` for + name below ``/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc``; cannot contain slashes ``/`` for obvious reasons. - ``type`` is the type of recognition. Give ``M`` for magic and ``E`` for extension. @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Here is what the fields mean: ``F`` - fix binary The usual behaviour of binfmt_misc is to spawn the binary lazily when the misc format file is invoked. However, - this doesn``t work very well in the face of mount namespaces and + this doesn't work very well in the face of mount namespaces and changeroots, so the ``F`` mode opens the binary as soon as the emulation is installed and uses the opened image to spawn the emulator, meaning it is always available once installed, diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst index 9b90efcc3a35..452b7dcd7f6b 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ get the boot configuration data. Because of this "piggyback" method, there is no need to change or update the boot loader and the kernel image itself as long as the boot loader passes the correct initrd file size. If by any chance, the boot -loader passes a longer size, the kernel feils to find the bootconfig data. +loader passes a longer size, the kernel fails to find the bootconfig data. To do this operation, Linux kernel provides "bootconfig" command under tools/bootconfig, which allows admin to apply or delete the config file diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst index 63521cd36ce5..1de8695c264b 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst @@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ All time durations are in microseconds. one number is written, $MAX is updated. cpu.pressure - A read-only nested-key file which exists on non-root cgroups. + A read-write nested-keyed file. Shows pressure stall information for CPU. See :ref:`Documentation/accounting/psi.rst <psi>` for details. @@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ PAGE_SIZE multiple when read back. reduces the impact on the workload and memory management. memory.pressure - A read-only nested-key file which exists on non-root cgroups. + A read-only nested-keyed file. Shows pressure stall information for memory. See :ref:`Documentation/accounting/psi.rst <psi>` for details. @@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ IO Interface Files 8:16 rbps=2097152 wbps=max riops=max wiops=max io.pressure - A read-only nested-key file which exists on non-root cgroups. + A read-only nested-keyed file. Shows pressure stall information for IO. See :ref:`Documentation/accounting/psi.rst <psi>` for details. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-integrity.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-integrity.rst index 4e6f504474ac..cd198ccf4292 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-integrity.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-integrity.rst @@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ recalculate journal_crypt:algorithm(:key) (the key is optional) Encrypt the journal using given algorithm to make sure that the attacker can't read the journal. You can use a block cipher here - (such as "cbc(aes)") or a stream cipher (for example "chacha20", - "salsa20" or "ctr(aes)"). + (such as "cbc(aes)") or a stream cipher (for example "chacha20" + or "ctr(aes)"). The journal contains history of last writes to the block device, an attacker reading the journal could see the last sector numbers @@ -177,14 +177,20 @@ bitmap_flush_interval:number The bitmap flush interval in milliseconds. The metadata buffers are synchronized when this interval expires. +allow_discards + Allow block discard requests (a.k.a. TRIM) for the integrity device. + Discards are only allowed to devices using internal hash. + fix_padding Use a smaller padding of the tag area that is more space-efficient. If this option is not present, large padding is used - that is for compatibility with older kernels. -allow_discards - Allow block discard requests (a.k.a. TRIM) for the integrity device. - Discards are only allowed to devices using internal hash. +legacy_recalculate + Allow recalculating of volumes with HMAC keys. This is disabled by + default for security reasons - an attacker could modify the volume, + set recalc_sector to zero, and the kernel would not detect the + modification. The journal mode (D/J), buffer_sectors, journal_watermark, commit_time and allow_discards can be changed when reloading the target (load an inactive diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst index 06fb1b4aa849..682ab28b5c94 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst @@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ The kernel's command-line parameters ==================================== -The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as -implemented by the __setup(), core_param() and module_param() macros +The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented +by the __setup(), early_param(), core_param() and module_param() macros and sorted into English Dictionary order (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt index c722ec19cd00..4fc20f9af2fb 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -373,6 +373,12 @@ arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID> + arm64.nobti [ARM64] Unconditionally disable Branch Target + Identification support + + arm64.nopauth [ARM64] Unconditionally disable Pointer Authentication + support + ataflop= [HW,M68k] atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse @@ -802,13 +808,14 @@ insecure, please do not use on production kernels. debug_locks_verbose= - [KNL] verbose self-tests - Format=<0|1> + [KNL] verbose locking self-tests + Format: <int> Print debugging info while doing the locking API self-tests. - We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to - 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally - only useful to kernel developers. + Bitmask for the various LOCKTYPE_ tests. Defaults to 0 + (no extra messages), setting it to -1 (all bits set) + will print _a_lot_ more information - normally only + useful to lockdep developers. debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging @@ -944,12 +951,6 @@ causing system reset or hang due to sending INIT from AP to BSP. - perf_v4_pmi= [X86,INTEL] - Format: <bool> - Disable Intel PMU counter freezing feature. - The feature only exists starting from - Arch Perfmon v4 (Skylake and newer). - disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES] Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this to workaround buggy firmware. @@ -1385,7 +1386,7 @@ ftrace_filter=[function-list] [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function - tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated + tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma-separated list of functions. This list can be changed at run time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs tracing directory. @@ -1399,13 +1400,13 @@ ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list] [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced by the function graph tracer at boot up. - function-list is a comma separated list of functions + function-list is a comma-separated list of functions that can be changed at run time by the set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory. ftrace_graph_notrace=[function-list] [FTRACE] Do not trace from the functions specified in - function-list. This list is a comma separated list of + function-list. This list is a comma-separated list of functions that can be changed at run time by the set_graph_notrace file in the debugfs tracing directory. @@ -1746,7 +1747,7 @@ ima_policy= [IMA] The builtin policies to load during IMA setup. Format: "tcb | appraise_tcb | secure_boot | - fail_securely" + fail_securely | critical_data" The "tcb" policy measures all programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files opened with the read @@ -1765,6 +1766,9 @@ filesystems with the SB_I_UNVERIFIABLE_SIGNATURE flag. + The "critical_data" policy measures kernel integrity + critical data. + ima_tcb [IMA] Deprecated. Use ima_policy= instead. Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all @@ -2257,6 +2261,9 @@ kvm-arm.mode= [KVM,ARM] Select one of KVM/arm64's modes of operation. + nvhe: Standard nVHE-based mode, without support for + protected guests. + protected: nVHE-based mode with support for guests whose state is kept private from the host. Not valid if the kernel is running in EL2. @@ -2421,7 +2428,7 @@ when set. Format: <int> - libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma + libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma- separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches @@ -3458,20 +3465,6 @@ For example, to override I2C bus2: omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100 - oprofile.timer= [HW] - Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters - - oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type - This might be useful if you have an older oprofile - userland or if you want common events. - Format: { arch_perfmon } - arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural - perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the - CPU specific event set. - timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI - timer mode (see also oprofile.timer - for generic hr timer mode) - oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the process, but there is a small probability of deadlocking the machine. @@ -3916,6 +3909,13 @@ Format: {"off"} Disable Hardware Transactional Memory + preempt= [KNL] + Select preemption mode if you have CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC + none - Limited to cond_resched() calls + voluntary - Limited to cond_resched() and might_sleep() calls + full - Any section that isn't explicitly preempt disabled + can be preempted anytime. + print-fatal-signals= [KNL] debug: print fatal signals @@ -4092,6 +4092,10 @@ value, meaning that RCU_SOFTIRQ is used by default. Specify rcutree.use_softirq=0 to use rcuc kthreads. + But note that CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y kernels disable + this kernel boot parameter, forcibly setting it + to zero. + rcutree.rcu_fanout_exact= [KNL] Disable autobalancing of the rcu_node combining tree. This is used by rcutorture, and might @@ -4179,12 +4183,6 @@ Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y). - rcutree.rcu_idle_lazy_gp_delay= [KNL] - Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have - only "lazy" RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y). - Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can - prove do nothing more than free memory. - rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads= [KNL] Cause the grace-period kthread to get an extra wake_up() if it sleeps three times longer than @@ -4338,6 +4336,14 @@ stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual test, hence the "fake". + rcutorture.nocbs_nthreads= [KNL] + Set number of RCU callback-offload togglers. + Zero (the default) disables toggling. + + rcutorture.nocbs_toggle= [KNL] + Set the delay in milliseconds between successive + callback-offload toggling attempts. + rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL] Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects N-1, where N is the number of CPUs. A value @@ -4470,6 +4476,13 @@ only normal grace-period primitives. No effect on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels. + But note that CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y kernels enables + this kernel boot parameter, forcibly setting + it to the value one, that is, converting any + post-boot attempt at an expedited RCU grace + period to instead use normal non-expedited + grace-period processing. + rcupdate.rcu_task_ipi_delay= [KNL] Set time in jiffies during which RCU tasks will avoid sending IPIs, starting with the beginning @@ -4557,6 +4570,12 @@ refscale.verbose= [KNL] Enable additional printk() statements. + refscale.verbose_batched= [KNL] + Batch the additional printk() statements. If zero + (the default) or negative, print everything. Otherwise, + print every Nth verbose statement, where N is the value + specified. + relax_domain_level= [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level. See Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst. @@ -5145,7 +5164,7 @@ stacktrace_filter=[function-list] [FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer - will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated + will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma-separated list of functions. This list can be changed at run time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing @@ -5331,6 +5350,14 @@ are running concurrently, especially on systems with rotating-rust storage. + torture.verbose_sleep_frequency= [KNL] + Specifies how many verbose printk()s should be + emitted between each sleep. The default of zero + disables verbose-printk() sleeping. + + torture.verbose_sleep_duration= [KNL] + Duration of each verbose-printk() sleep in jiffies. + tp720= [HW,PS2] tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM] @@ -5348,7 +5375,7 @@ trace_event=[event-list] [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order to facilitate early boot debugging. The event-list is a - comma separated list of trace events to enable. See + comma-separated list of trace events to enable. See also Documentation/trace/events.rst trace_options=[option-list] @@ -5972,6 +5999,10 @@ This option is obsoleted by the "nopv" option, which has equivalent effect for XEN platform. + xen_no_vector_callback + [KNL,X86,XEN] Disable the vector callback for Xen + event channel interrupts. + xen_scrub_pages= [XEN] Boolean option to control scrubbing pages before giving them back to Xen, for use by other domains. Can be also changed at runtime diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.rst index 5fe1ade88c17..91fd6846ce17 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.rst @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ detailed description): - UWB enable and disable - LCD Shadow (PrivacyGuard) enable and disable - Lap mode sensor + - Setting keyboard language A compatibility table by model and feature is maintained on the web site, http://ibm-acpi.sf.net/. I appreciate any success or failure @@ -1466,6 +1467,30 @@ Sysfs notes rfkill controller switch "tpacpi_uwb_sw": refer to Documentation/driver-api/rfkill.rst for details. + +Setting keyboard language +------------------------- + +sysfs: keyboard_lang + +This feature is used to set keyboard language to ECFW using ASL interface. +Fewer thinkpads models like T580 , T590 , T15 Gen 1 etc.. has "=", "(', +")" numeric keys, which are not displaying correctly, when keyboard language +is other than "english". This is because the default keyboard language in ECFW +is set as "english". Hence using this sysfs, user can set the correct keyboard +language to ECFW and then these key's will work correctly. + +Example of command to set keyboard language is mentioned below:: + + echo jp > /sys/devices/platform/thinkpad_acpi/keyboard_lang + +Text corresponding to keyboard layout to be set in sysfs are: be(Belgian), +cz(Czech), da(Danish), de(German), en(English), es(Spain), et(Estonian), +fr(French), fr-ch(French(Switzerland)), hu(Hungarian), it(Italy), jp (Japan), +nl(Dutch), nn(Norway), pl(Polish), pt(portugese), sl(Slovenian), sv(Sweden), +tr(Turkey) + + Adaptive keyboard ----------------- diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/media/rkisp1.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/media/rkisp1.rst index 2267e4fb475e..ccf418713623 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/media/rkisp1.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/media/rkisp1.rst @@ -13,6 +13,22 @@ This file documents the driver for the Rockchip ISP1 that is part of RK3288 and RK3399 SoCs. The driver is located under drivers/staging/media/rkisp1 and uses the Media-Controller API. +Revisions +========= + +There exist multiple smaller revisions to this ISP that got introduced in +later SoCs. Revisions can be found in the enum :c:type:`rkisp1_cif_isp_version` +in the UAPI and the revision of the ISP inside the running SoC can be read +in the field hw_revision of struct media_device_info as returned by +ioctl MEDIA_IOC_DEVICE_INFO. + +Versions in use are: + +- RKISP1_V10: used at least in rk3288 and rk3399 +- RKISP1_V11: declared in the original vendor code, but not used +- RKISP1_V12: used at least in rk3326 and px30 +- RKISP1_V13: used at least in rk1808 + Topology ======== .. _rkisp1_topology_graph: diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/concepts.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/concepts.rst index fa0974fbeae7..b966fcff993b 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/concepts.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/concepts.rst @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pages either asynchronously or synchronously, depending on the state of the system. When the system is not loaded, most of the memory is free and allocation requests will be satisfied immediately from the free pages supply. As the load increases, the amount of the free pages goes -down and when it reaches a certain threshold (high watermark), an +down and when it reaches a certain threshold (low watermark), an allocation request will awaken the ``kswapd`` daemon. It will asynchronously scan memory pages and either just free them if the data they contain is available elsewhere, or evict to the backing storage diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/perf/arm-cmn.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/perf/arm-cmn.rst index 0e4809346014..796e25b7027b 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/perf/arm-cmn.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/perf/arm-cmn.rst @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ PMU events ---------- The PMU driver registers a single PMU device for the whole interconnect, -see /sys/bus/event_source/devices/arm_cmn. Multi-chip systems may link +see /sys/bus/event_source/devices/arm_cmn_0. Multi-chip systems may link more than one CMN together via external CCIX links - in this situation, each mesh counts its own events entirely independently, and additional PMU devices will be named arm_cmn_{1..n}. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/syscall-user-dispatch.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/syscall-user-dispatch.rst index a380d6515774..60314953c728 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/syscall-user-dispatch.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/syscall-user-dispatch.rst @@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ trampoline code on the vDSO, that trampoline is never intercepted. [selector] is a pointer to a char-sized region in the process memory region, that provides a quick way to enable disable syscall redirection thread-wide, without the need to invoke the kernel directly. selector -can be set to PR_SYS_DISPATCH_ON or PR_SYS_DISPATCH_OFF. Any other -value should terminate the program with a SIGSYS. +can be set to SYSCALL_DISPATCH_FILTER_ALLOW or SYSCALL_DISPATCH_FILTER_BLOCK. +Any other value should terminate the program with a SIGSYS. Security Notes -------------- diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/thunderbolt.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/thunderbolt.rst index 613cb24c76c7..f18e881373c4 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/thunderbolt.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/thunderbolt.rst @@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ be DMA masters and thus read contents of the host memory without CPU and OS knowing about it. There are ways to prevent this by setting up an IOMMU but it is not always available for various reasons. +Some USB4 systems have a BIOS setting to disable PCIe tunneling. This is +treated as another security level (nopcie). + The security levels are as follows: none @@ -77,6 +80,10 @@ The security levels are as follows: Display Port in a dock. All PCIe links downstream of the dock are removed. + nopcie + PCIe tunneling is disabled/forbidden from the BIOS. Available in some + USB4 systems. + The current security level can be read from ``/sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/domainX/security`` where ``domainX`` is the Thunderbolt domain the host controller manages. There is typically @@ -153,6 +160,22 @@ If the user still wants to connect the device they can either approve the device without a key or write a new key and write 1 to the ``authorized`` file to get the new key stored on the device NVM. +De-authorizing devices +---------------------- +It is possible to de-authorize devices by writing ``0`` to their +``authorized`` attribute. This requires support from the connection +manager implementation and can be checked by reading domain +``deauthorization`` attribute. If it reads ``1`` then the feature is +supported. + +When a device is de-authorized the PCIe tunnel from the parent device +PCIe downstream (or root) port to the device PCIe upstream port is torn +down. This is essentially the same thing as PCIe hot-remove and the PCIe +toplogy in question will not be accessible anymore until the device is +authorized again. If there is storage such as NVMe or similar involved, +there is a risk for data loss if the filesystem on that storage is not +properly shut down. You have been warned! + DMA protection utilizing IOMMU ------------------------------ Recent systems from 2018 and forward with Thunderbolt ports may natively diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst index 86de8a1ad91c..6178153d3320 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst @@ -495,3 +495,45 @@ the class and error context. For example, the default values for "metadata/ENODEV" are "0" rather than "-1" so that this error handler defaults to "fail immediately" behaviour. This is done because ENODEV is a fatal, unrecoverable error no matter how many times the metadata IO is retried. + +Workqueue Concurrency +===================== + +XFS uses kernel workqueues to parallelize metadata update processes. This +enables it to take advantage of storage hardware that can service many IO +operations simultaneously. This interface exposes internal implementation +details of XFS, and as such is explicitly not part of any userspace API/ABI +guarantee the kernel may give userspace. These are undocumented features of +the generic workqueue implementation XFS uses for concurrency, and they are +provided here purely for diagnostic and tuning purposes and may change at any +time in the future. + +The control knobs for a filesystem's workqueues are organized by task at hand +and the short name of the data device. They all can be found in: + + /sys/bus/workqueue/devices/${task}!${device} + +================ =========== + Task Description +================ =========== + xfs_iwalk-$pid Inode scans of the entire filesystem. Currently limited to + mount time quotacheck. + xfs-blockgc Background garbage collection of disk space that have been + speculatively allocated beyond EOF or for staging copy on + write operations. +================ =========== + +For example, the knobs for the quotacheck workqueue for /dev/nvme0n1 would be +found in /sys/bus/workqueue/devices/xfs_iwalk-1111!nvme0n1/. + +The interesting knobs for XFS workqueues are as follows: + +============ =========== + Knob Description +============ =========== + max_active Maximum number of background threads that can be started to + run the work. + cpumask CPUs upon which the threads are allowed to run. + nice Relative priority of scheduling the threads. These are the + same nice levels that can be applied to userspace processes. +============ =========== |