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diff --git a/Documentation/power/powercap/dtpm.rst b/Documentation/power/powercap/dtpm.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a38dee3d815b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/power/powercap/dtpm.rst @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +========================================== +Dynamic Thermal Power Management framework +========================================== + +On the embedded world, the complexity of the SoC leads to an +increasing number of hotspots which need to be monitored and mitigated +as a whole in order to prevent the temperature to go above the +normative and legally stated 'skin temperature'. + +Another aspect is to sustain the performance for a given power budget, +for example virtual reality where the user can feel dizziness if the +performance is capped while a big CPU is processing something else. Or +reduce the battery charging because the dissipated power is too high +compared with the power consumed by other devices. + +The user space is the most adequate place to dynamically act on the +different devices by limiting their power given an application +profile: it has the knowledge of the platform. + +The Dynamic Thermal Power Management (DTPM) is a technique acting on +the device power by limiting and/or balancing a power budget among +different devices. + +The DTPM framework provides an unified interface to act on the +device power. + +Overview +======== + +The DTPM framework relies on the powercap framework to create the +powercap entries in the sysfs directory and implement the backend +driver to do the connection with the power manageable device. + +The DTPM is a tree representation describing the power constraints +shared between devices, not their physical positions. + +The nodes of the tree are a virtual description aggregating the power +characteristics of the children nodes and their power limitations. + +The leaves of the tree are the real power manageable devices. + +For instance:: + + SoC + | + `-- pkg + | + |-- pd0 (cpu0-3) + | + `-- pd1 (cpu4-5) + +The pkg power will be the sum of pd0 and pd1 power numbers:: + + SoC (400mW - 3100mW) + | + `-- pkg (400mW - 3100mW) + | + |-- pd0 (100mW - 700mW) + | + `-- pd1 (300mW - 2400mW) + +When the nodes are inserted in the tree, their power characteristics are propagated to the parents:: + + SoC (600mW - 5900mW) + | + |-- pkg (400mW - 3100mW) + | | + | |-- pd0 (100mW - 700mW) + | | + | `-- pd1 (300mW - 2400mW) + | + `-- pd2 (200mW - 2800mW) + +Each node have a weight on a 2^10 basis reflecting the percentage of power consumption along the siblings:: + + SoC (w=1024) + | + |-- pkg (w=538) + | | + | |-- pd0 (w=231) + | | + | `-- pd1 (w=794) + | + `-- pd2 (w=486) + + Note the sum of weights at the same level are equal to 1024. + +When a power limitation is applied to a node, then it is distributed along the children given their weights. For example, if we set a power limitation of 3200mW at the 'SoC' root node, the resulting tree will be:: + + SoC (w=1024) <--- power_limit = 3200mW + | + |-- pkg (w=538) --> power_limit = 1681mW + | | + | |-- pd0 (w=231) --> power_limit = 378mW + | | + | `-- pd1 (w=794) --> power_limit = 1303mW + | + `-- pd2 (w=486) --> power_limit = 1519mW + + +Flat description +---------------- + +A root node is created and it is the parent of all the nodes. This +description is the simplest one and it is supposed to give to user +space a flat representation of all the devices supporting the power +limitation without any power limitation distribution. + +Hierarchical description +------------------------ + +The different devices supporting the power limitation are represented +hierarchically. There is one root node, all intermediate nodes are +grouping the child nodes which can be intermediate nodes also or real +devices. + +The intermediate nodes aggregate the power information and allows to +set the power limit given the weight of the nodes. + +User space API +============== + +As stated in the overview, the DTPM framework is built on top of the +powercap framework. Thus the sysfs interface is the same, please refer +to the powercap documentation for further details. + + * power_uw: Instantaneous power consumption. If the node is an + intermediate node, then the power consumption will be the sum of all + children power consumption. + + * max_power_range_uw: The power range resulting of the maximum power + minus the minimum power. + + * name: The name of the node. This is implementation dependent. Even + if it is not recommended for the user space, several nodes can have + the same name. + + * constraint_X_name: The name of the constraint. + + * constraint_X_max_power_uw: The maximum power limit to be applicable + to the node. + + * constraint_X_power_limit_uw: The power limit to be applied to the + node. If the value contained in constraint_X_max_power_uw is set, + the constraint will be removed. + + * constraint_X_time_window_us: The meaning of this file will depend + on the constraint number. + +Constraints +----------- + + * Constraint 0: The power limitation is immediately applied, without + limitation in time. + +Kernel API +========== + +Overview +-------- + +The DTPM framework has no power limiting backend support. It is +generic and provides a set of API to let the different drivers to +implement the backend part for the power limitation and create the +power constraints tree. + +It is up to the platform to provide the initialization function to +allocate and link the different nodes of the tree. + +A special macro has the role of declaring a node and the corresponding +initialization function via a description structure. This one contains +an optional parent field allowing to hook different devices to an +already existing tree at boot time. + +For instance:: + + struct dtpm_descr my_descr = { + .name = "my_name", + .init = my_init_func, + }; + + DTPM_DECLARE(my_descr); + +The nodes of the DTPM tree are described with dtpm structure. The +steps to add a new power limitable device is done in three steps: + + * Allocate the dtpm node + * Set the power number of the dtpm node + * Register the dtpm node + +The registration of the dtpm node is done with the powercap +ops. Basically, it must implements the callbacks to get and set the +power and the limit. + +Alternatively, if the node to be inserted is an intermediate one, then +a simple function to insert it as a future parent is available. + +If a device has its power characteristics changing, then the tree must +be updated with the new power numbers and weights. + +Nomenclature +------------ + + * dtpm_alloc() : Allocate and initialize a dtpm structure + + * dtpm_register() : Add the dtpm node to the tree + + * dtpm_unregister() : Remove the dtpm node from the tree + + * dtpm_update_power() : Update the power characteristics of the dtpm node |