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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/powerpc')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.txt | 301 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.txt | 36 |
2 files changed, 319 insertions, 18 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b55c5cd83f8d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/pci_iov_resource_on_powernv.txt @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ +Wei Yang <weiyang@linux.vnet.ibm.com> +Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@au1.ibm.com> +Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> +26 Aug 2014 + +This document describes the requirement from hardware for PCI MMIO resource +sizing and assignment on PowerKVM and how generic PCI code handles this +requirement. The first two sections describe the concepts of Partitionable +Endpoints and the implementation on P8 (IODA2). The next two sections talks +about considerations on enabling SRIOV on IODA2. + +1. Introduction to Partitionable Endpoints + +A Partitionable Endpoint (PE) is a way to group the various resources +associated with a device or a set of devices to provide isolation between +partitions (i.e., filtering of DMA, MSIs etc.) and to provide a mechanism +to freeze a device that is causing errors in order to limit the possibility +of propagation of bad data. + +There is thus, in HW, a table of PE states that contains a pair of "frozen" +state bits (one for MMIO and one for DMA, they get set together but can be +cleared independently) for each PE. + +When a PE is frozen, all stores in any direction are dropped and all loads +return all 1's value. MSIs are also blocked. There's a bit more state that +captures things like the details of the error that caused the freeze etc., but +that's not critical. + +The interesting part is how the various PCIe transactions (MMIO, DMA, ...) +are matched to their corresponding PEs. + +The following section provides a rough description of what we have on P8 +(IODA2). Keep in mind that this is all per PHB (PCI host bridge). Each PHB +is a completely separate HW entity that replicates the entire logic, so has +its own set of PEs, etc. + +2. Implementation of Partitionable Endpoints on P8 (IODA2) + +P8 supports up to 256 Partitionable Endpoints per PHB. + + * Inbound + + For DMA, MSIs and inbound PCIe error messages, we have a table (in + memory but accessed in HW by the chip) that provides a direct + correspondence between a PCIe RID (bus/dev/fn) with a PE number. + We call this the RTT. + + - For DMA we then provide an entire address space for each PE that can + contain two "windows", depending on the value of PCI address bit 59. + Each window can be configured to be remapped via a "TCE table" (IOMMU + translation table), which has various configurable characteristics + not described here. + + - For MSIs, we have two windows in the address space (one at the top of + the 32-bit space and one much higher) which, via a combination of the + address and MSI value, will result in one of the 2048 interrupts per + bridge being triggered. There's a PE# in the interrupt controller + descriptor table as well which is compared with the PE# obtained from + the RTT to "authorize" the device to emit that specific interrupt. + + - Error messages just use the RTT. + + * Outbound. That's where the tricky part is. + + Like other PCI host bridges, the Power8 IODA2 PHB supports "windows" + from the CPU address space to the PCI address space. There is one M32 + window and sixteen M64 windows. They have different characteristics. + First what they have in common: they forward a configurable portion of + the CPU address space to the PCIe bus and must be naturally aligned + power of two in size. The rest is different: + + - The M32 window: + + * Is limited to 4GB in size. + + * Drops the top bits of the address (above the size) and replaces + them with a configurable value. This is typically used to generate + 32-bit PCIe accesses. We configure that window at boot from FW and + don't touch it from Linux; it's usually set to forward a 2GB + portion of address space from the CPU to PCIe + 0x8000_0000..0xffff_ffff. (Note: The top 64KB are actually + reserved for MSIs but this is not a problem at this point; we just + need to ensure Linux doesn't assign anything there, the M32 logic + ignores that however and will forward in that space if we try). + + * It is divided into 256 segments of equal size. A table in the chip + maps each segment to a PE#. That allows portions of the MMIO space + to be assigned to PEs on a segment granularity. For a 2GB window, + the segment granularity is 2GB/256 = 8MB. + + Now, this is the "main" window we use in Linux today (excluding + SR-IOV). We basically use the trick of forcing the bridge MMIO windows + onto a segment alignment/granularity so that the space behind a bridge + can be assigned to a PE. + + Ideally we would like to be able to have individual functions in PEs + but that would mean using a completely different address allocation + scheme where individual function BARs can be "grouped" to fit in one or + more segments. + + - The M64 windows: + + * Must be at least 256MB in size. + + * Do not translate addresses (the address on PCIe is the same as the + address on the PowerBus). There is a way to also set the top 14 + bits which are not conveyed by PowerBus but we don't use this. + + * Can be configured to be segmented. When not segmented, we can + specify the PE# for the entire window. When segmented, a window + has 256 segments; however, there is no table for mapping a segment + to a PE#. The segment number *is* the PE#. + + * Support overlaps. If an address is covered by multiple windows, + there's a defined ordering for which window applies. + + We have code (fairly new compared to the M32 stuff) that exploits that + for large BARs in 64-bit space: + + We configure an M64 window to cover the entire region of address space + that has been assigned by FW for the PHB (about 64GB, ignore the space + for the M32, it comes out of a different "reserve"). We configure it + as segmented. + + Then we do the same thing as with M32, using the bridge alignment + trick, to match to those giant segments. + + Since we cannot remap, we have two additional constraints: + + - We do the PE# allocation *after* the 64-bit space has been assigned + because the addresses we use directly determine the PE#. We then + update the M32 PE# for the devices that use both 32-bit and 64-bit + spaces or assign the remaining PE# to 32-bit only devices. + + - We cannot "group" segments in HW, so if a device ends up using more + than one segment, we end up with more than one PE#. There is a HW + mechanism to make the freeze state cascade to "companion" PEs but + that only works for PCIe error messages (typically used so that if + you freeze a switch, it freezes all its children). So we do it in + SW. We lose a bit of effectiveness of EEH in that case, but that's + the best we found. So when any of the PEs freezes, we freeze the + other ones for that "domain". We thus introduce the concept of + "master PE" which is the one used for DMA, MSIs, etc., and "secondary + PEs" that are used for the remaining M64 segments. + + We would like to investigate using additional M64 windows in "single + PE" mode to overlay over specific BARs to work around some of that, for + example for devices with very large BARs, e.g., GPUs. It would make + sense, but we haven't done it yet. + +3. Considerations for SR-IOV on PowerKVM + + * SR-IOV Background + + The PCIe SR-IOV feature allows a single Physical Function (PF) to + support several Virtual Functions (VFs). Registers in the PF's SR-IOV + Capability control the number of VFs and whether they are enabled. + + When VFs are enabled, they appear in Configuration Space like normal + PCI devices, but the BARs in VF config space headers are unusual. For + a non-VF device, software uses BARs in the config space header to + discover the BAR sizes and assign addresses for them. For VF devices, + software uses VF BAR registers in the *PF* SR-IOV Capability to + discover sizes and assign addresses. The BARs in the VF's config space + header are read-only zeros. + + When a VF BAR in the PF SR-IOV Capability is programmed, it sets the + base address for all the corresponding VF(n) BARs. For example, if the + PF SR-IOV Capability is programmed to enable eight VFs, and it has a + 1MB VF BAR0, the address in that VF BAR sets the base of an 8MB region. + This region is divided into eight contiguous 1MB regions, each of which + is a BAR0 for one of the VFs. Note that even though the VF BAR + describes an 8MB region, the alignment requirement is for a single VF, + i.e., 1MB in this example. + + There are several strategies for isolating VFs in PEs: + + - M32 window: There's one M32 window, and it is split into 256 + equally-sized segments. The finest granularity possible is a 256MB + window with 1MB segments. VF BARs that are 1MB or larger could be + mapped to separate PEs in this window. Each segment can be + individually mapped to a PE via the lookup table, so this is quite + flexible, but it works best when all the VF BARs are the same size. If + they are different sizes, the entire window has to be small enough that + the segment size matches the smallest VF BAR, which means larger VF + BARs span several segments. + + - Non-segmented M64 window: A non-segmented M64 window is mapped entirely + to a single PE, so it could only isolate one VF. + + - Single segmented M64 windows: A segmented M64 window could be used just + like the M32 window, but the segments can't be individually mapped to + PEs (the segment number is the PE#), so there isn't as much + flexibility. A VF with multiple BARs would have to be in a "domain" of + multiple PEs, which is not as well isolated as a single PE. + + - Multiple segmented M64 windows: As usual, each window is split into 256 + equally-sized segments, and the segment number is the PE#. But if we + use several M64 windows, they can be set to different base addresses + and different segment sizes. If we have VFs that each have a 1MB BAR + and a 32MB BAR, we could use one M64 window to assign 1MB segments and + another M64 window to assign 32MB segments. + + Finally, the plan to use M64 windows for SR-IOV, which will be described + more in the next two sections. For a given VF BAR, we need to + effectively reserve the entire 256 segments (256 * VF BAR size) and + position the VF BAR to start at the beginning of a free range of + segments/PEs inside that M64 window. + + The goal is of course to be able to give a separate PE for each VF. + + The IODA2 platform has 16 M64 windows, which are used to map MMIO + range to PE#. Each M64 window defines one MMIO range and this range is + divided into 256 segments, with each segment corresponding to one PE. + + We decide to leverage this M64 window to map VFs to individual PEs, since + SR-IOV VF BARs are all the same size. + + But doing so introduces another problem: total_VFs is usually smaller + than the number of M64 window segments, so if we map one VF BAR directly + to one M64 window, some part of the M64 window will map to another + device's MMIO range. + + IODA supports 256 PEs, so segmented windows contain 256 segments, so if + total_VFs is less than 256, we have the situation in Figure 1.0, where + segments [total_VFs, 255] of the M64 window may map to some MMIO range on + other devices: + + 0 1 total_VFs - 1 + +------+------+- -+------+------+ + | | | ... | | | + +------+------+- -+------+------+ + + VF(n) BAR space + + 0 1 total_VFs - 1 255 + +------+------+- -+------+------+- -+------+------+ + | | | ... | | | ... | | | + +------+------+- -+------+------+- -+------+------+ + + M64 window + + Figure 1.0 Direct map VF(n) BAR space + + Our current solution is to allocate 256 segments even if the VF(n) BAR + space doesn't need that much, as shown in Figure 1.1: + + 0 1 total_VFs - 1 255 + +------+------+- -+------+------+- -+------+------+ + | | | ... | | | ... | | | + +------+------+- -+------+------+- -+------+------+ + + VF(n) BAR space + extra + + 0 1 total_VFs - 1 255 + +------+------+- -+------+------+- -+------+------+ + | | | ... | | | ... | | | + +------+------+- -+------+------+- -+------+------+ + + M64 window + + Figure 1.1 Map VF(n) BAR space + extra + + Allocating the extra space ensures that the entire M64 window will be + assigned to this one SR-IOV device and none of the space will be + available for other devices. Note that this only expands the space + reserved in software; there are still only total_VFs VFs, and they only + respond to segments [0, total_VFs - 1]. There's nothing in hardware that + responds to segments [total_VFs, 255]. + +4. Implications for the Generic PCI Code + +The PCIe SR-IOV spec requires that the base of the VF(n) BAR space be +aligned to the size of an individual VF BAR. + +In IODA2, the MMIO address determines the PE#. If the address is in an M32 +window, we can set the PE# by updating the table that translates segments +to PE#s. Similarly, if the address is in an unsegmented M64 window, we can +set the PE# for the window. But if it's in a segmented M64 window, the +segment number is the PE#. + +Therefore, the only way to control the PE# for a VF is to change the base +of the VF(n) BAR space in the VF BAR. If the PCI core allocates the exact +amount of space required for the VF(n) BAR space, the VF BAR value is fixed +and cannot be changed. + +On the other hand, if the PCI core allocates additional space, the VF BAR +value can be changed as long as the entire VF(n) BAR space remains inside +the space allocated by the core. + +Ideally the segment size will be the same as an individual VF BAR size. +Then each VF will be in its own PE. The VF BARs (and therefore the PE#s) +are contiguous. If VF0 is in PE(x), then VF(n) is in PE(x+n). If we +allocate 256 segments, there are (256 - numVFs) choices for the PE# of VF0. + +If the segment size is smaller than the VF BAR size, it will take several +segments to cover a VF BAR, and a VF will be in several PEs. This is +possible, but the isolation isn't as good, and it reduces the number of PE# +choices because instead of consuming only numVFs segments, the VF(n) BAR +space will consume (numVFs * n) segments. That means there aren't as many +available segments for adjusting base of the VF(n) BAR space. diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.txt index 9791e98ab49c..ba0a2a4a54ba 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.txt @@ -74,22 +74,23 @@ Causes of transaction aborts Syscalls ======== -Performing syscalls from within transaction is not recommended, and can lead -to unpredictable results. +Syscalls made from within an active transaction will not be performed and the +transaction will be doomed by the kernel with the failure code TM_CAUSE_SYSCALL +| TM_CAUSE_PERSISTENT. -Syscalls do not by design abort transactions, but beware: The kernel code will -not be running in transactional state. The effect of syscalls will always -remain visible, but depending on the call they may abort your transaction as a -side-effect, read soon-to-be-aborted transactional data that should not remain -invisible, etc. If you constantly retry a transaction that constantly aborts -itself by calling a syscall, you'll have a livelock & make no progress. +Syscalls made from within a suspended transaction are performed as normal and +the transaction is not explicitly doomed by the kernel. However, what the +kernel does to perform the syscall may result in the transaction being doomed +by the hardware. The syscall is performed in suspended mode so any side +effects will be persistent, independent of transaction success or failure. No +guarantees are provided by the kernel about which syscalls will affect +transaction success. -Simple syscalls (e.g. sigprocmask()) "could" be OK. Even things like write() -from, say, printf() should be OK as long as the kernel does not access any -memory that was accessed transactionally. - -Consider any syscalls that happen to work as debug-only -- not recommended for -production use. Best to queue them up till after the transaction is over. +Care must be taken when relying on syscalls to abort during active transactions +if the calls are made via a library. Libraries may cache values (which may +give the appearance of success) or perform operations that cause transaction +failure before entering the kernel (which may produce different failure codes). +Examples are glibc's getpid() and lazy symbol resolution. Signals @@ -174,10 +175,9 @@ These are defined in <asm/reg.h>, and distinguish different reasons why the kernel aborted a transaction: TM_CAUSE_RESCHED Thread was rescheduled. - TM_CAUSE_TLBI Software TLB invalide. + TM_CAUSE_TLBI Software TLB invalid. TM_CAUSE_FAC_UNAV FP/VEC/VSX unavailable trap. - TM_CAUSE_SYSCALL Currently unused; future syscalls that must abort - transactions for consistency will use this. + TM_CAUSE_SYSCALL Syscall from active transaction. TM_CAUSE_SIGNAL Signal delivered. TM_CAUSE_MISC Currently unused. TM_CAUSE_ALIGNMENT Alignment fault. @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ kernel aborted a transaction: These can be checked by the user program's abort handler as TEXASR[0:7]. If bit 7 is set, it indicates that the error is consider persistent. For example -a TM_CAUSE_ALIGNMENT will be persistent while a TM_CAUSE_RESCHED will not.q +a TM_CAUSE_ALIGNMENT will be persistent while a TM_CAUSE_RESCHED will not. GDB === |