diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset | 286 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/laptop-mode.txt | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/memory-barriers.txt | 68 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/mtrr.txt | 23 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt | 19 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt | 20 |
11 files changed, 388 insertions, 82 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt b/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt index ee4bb73683cd..10bf4deb96aa 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ document for how to handle this case. Finally, if your device can only drive the low 24-bits of address during PCI bus mastering you might do something like: - if (pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, 0x00ffffff)) { + if (pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_24BIT_MASK)) { printk(KERN_WARNING "mydev: 24-bit DMA addressing not available.\n"); goto ignore_this_device; @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ functions (for example a sound card provides playback and record functions) and the various different functions have _different_ DMA addressing limitations, you may wish to probe each mask and only provide the functionality which the machine can handle. It -is important that the last call to pci_set_dma_mask() be for the +is important that the last call to pci_set_dma_mask() be for the most specific mask. Here is pseudo-code showing how this might be done: diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl index 5bcbb6ee3bc0..f869b03929db 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl @@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ and other resources, etc. <sect1><title>ata_scsi_error()</title> <para> - ata_scsi_error() is the current hostt->eh_strategy_handler() + ata_scsi_error() is the current transportt->eh_strategy_handler() for libata. As discussed above, this will be entered in two cases - timeout and ATAPI error completion. This function calls low level libata driver's eng_timeout() callback, the diff --git a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt index 59d0c74c79c9..293fed113dff 100644 --- a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt +++ b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt @@ -71,14 +71,6 @@ Who: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@brturbo.com.br> --------------------------- -What: remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_timeout) -When: April 2006 -Files: kernel/panic.c -Why: No modular usage in the kernel. -Who: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> - ---------------------------- - What: remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(insert_resource) When: April 2006 Files: kernel/resource.c diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset b/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..85a64defd385 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset @@ -0,0 +1,286 @@ +GigaSet 307x Device Driver +========================== + +1. Requirements + ------------ +1.1. Hardware + -------- + This release supports the connection of the Gigaset 307x/417x family of + ISDN DECT bases via Gigaset M101 Data, Gigaset M105 Data or direct USB + connection. The following devices are reported to be compatible: + 307x/417x: + Gigaset SX255isdn + Gigaset SX353isdn + Sinus 45 [AB] isdn (Deutsche Telekom) + Sinus 721X/XA + Vox Chicago 390 ISDN (KPN Telecom) + M101: + Sinus 45 Data 1 (Telekom) + M105: + Gigaset USB Adapter DECT + Sinus 45 Data 2 (Telekom) + Sinus 721 data + Chicago 390 USB (KPN) + See also http://www.erbze.info/sinus_gigaset.htm and + http://gigaset307x.sourceforge.net/ + + We had also reports from users of Gigaset M105 who could use the drivers + with SX 100 and CX 100 ISDN bases (only in unimodem mode, see section 2.4.) + If you have another device that works with our driver, please let us know. + For example, Gigaset SX205isdn/Sinus 721 X SE and Gigaset SX303isdn bases + are just versions without answering machine of models known to work, so + they should work just as well; but so far we are lacking positive reports + on these. + + Chances of getting an USB device to work are good if the output of + lsusb + at the command line contains one of the following: + ID 0681:0001 + ID 0681:0002 + ID 0681:0009 + ID 0681:0021 + ID 0681:0022 + +1.2. Software + -------- + The driver works with ISDN4linux and so can be used with any software + which is able to use ISDN4linux for ISDN connections (voice or data). + CAPI4Linux support is planned but not yet available. + + There are some user space tools available at + http://sourceforge.net/projects/gigaset307x/ + which provide access to additional device specific functions like SMS, + phonebook or call journal. + + +2. How to use the driver + --------------------- +2.1. Modules + ------- + To get the device working, you have to load the proper kernel module. You + can do this using + modprobe modulename + where modulename is usb_gigaset (M105) or bas_gigaset (direct USB + connection to the base). + +2.2. Device nodes for user space programs + ------------------------------------ + The device can be accessed from user space (eg. by the user space tools + mentioned in 1.2.) through the device nodes: + + - /dev/ttyGU0 for M105 (USB data boxes) + - /dev/ttyGB0 for the base driver (direct USB connection) + + You can also select a "default device" which is used by the frontends when + no device node is given as parameter, by creating a symlink /dev/ttyG to + one of them, eg.: + + ln -s /dev/ttyGB0 /dev/ttyG + +2.3. ISDN4linux + ---------- + This is the "normal" mode of operation. After loading the module you can + set up the ISDN system just as you'd do with any ISDN card. + Your distribution should provide some configuration utility. + If not, you can use some HOWTOs like + http://www.linuxhaven.de/dlhp/HOWTO/DE-ISDN-HOWTO-5.html + If this doesn't work, because you have some recent device like SX100 where + debug output (see section 3.2.) shows something like this when dialing + CMD Received: ERROR + Available Params: 0 + Connection State: 0, Response: -1 + gigaset_process_response: resp_code -1 in ConState 0 ! + Timeout occurred + you might need to use unimodem mode: + +2.4. Unimodem mode + ------------- + This is needed for some devices [e.g. SX100] as they have problems with + the "normal" commands. + + If you have installed the command line tool gigacontr, you can enter + unimodem mode using + gigacontr --mode unimodem + You can switch back using + gigacontr --mode isdn + + You can also load the driver using e.g. + modprobe usb_gigaset startmode=0 + to prevent the driver from starting in "isdn4linux mode". + + In this mode the device works like a modem connected to a serial port + (the /dev/ttyGU0, ... mentioned above) which understands the commands + ATZ init, reset + => OK or ERROR + ATD + ATDT dial + => OK, CONNECT, + BUSY, + NO DIAL TONE, + NO CARRIER, + NO ANSWER + <pause>+++<pause> change to command mode when connected + ATH hangup + + You can use some configuration tool of your distribution to configure this + "modem" or configure pppd/wvdial manually. There are some example ppp + configuration files and chat scripts in the gigaset-VERSION/ppp directory. + Please note that the USB drivers are not able to change the state of the + control lines (the M105 driver can be configured to use some undocumented + control requests, if you really need the control lines, though). This means + you must use "Stupid Mode" if you are using wvdial or you should use the + nocrtscts option of pppd. + You must also assure that the ppp_async module is loaded with the parameter + flag_time=0. You can do this e.g. by adding a line like + + options ppp_async flag_time=0 + + to /etc/modprobe.conf. If your distribution has some local module + configuration file like /etc/modprobe.conf.local, + using that should be preferred. + +2.5. Call-ID (CID) mode + ------------------ + Call-IDs are numbers used to tag commands to, and responses from, the + Gigaset base in order to support the simultaneous handling of multiple + ISDN calls. Their use can be enabled ("CID mode") or disabled ("Unimodem + mode"). Without Call-IDs (in Unimodem mode), only a very limited set of + functions is available. It allows outgoing data connections only, but + does not signal incoming calls or other base events. + + DECT cordless data devices (M10x) permanently occupy the cordless + connection to the base while Call-IDs are activated. As the Gigaset + bases only support one DECT data connection at a time, this prevents + other DECT cordless data devices from accessing the base. + + During active operation, the driver switches to the necessary mode + automatically. However, for the reasons above, the mode chosen when + the device is not in use (idle) can be selected by the user. + - If you want to receive incoming calls, you can use the default + settings (CID mode). + - If you have several DECT data devices (M10x) which you want to use + in turn, select Unimodem mode by passing the parameter "cidmode=0" to + the driver ("modprobe usb_gigaset cidmode=0" or modprobe.conf). + + If you want both of these at once, you are out of luck. + + You can also use /sys/module/<name>/parameters/cidmode for changing + the CID mode setting (<name> is usb_gigaset or bas_gigaset). + + +3. Troubleshooting + --------------- +3.1. Solutions to frequently reported problems + ----------------------------------------- + Problem: + You have a slow provider and isdn4linux gives up dialing too early. + Solution: + Load the isdn module using the dialtimeout option. You can do this e.g. + by adding a line like + + options isdn dialtimeout=15 + + to /etc/modprobe.conf. If your distribution has some local module + configuration file like /etc/modprobe.conf.local, + using that should be preferred. + + Problem: + Your isdn script aborts with a message about isdnlog. + Solution: + Try deactivating (or commenting out) isdnlog. This driver does not + support it. + + Problem: + You have two or more DECT data adapters (M101/M105) and only the + first one you turn on works. + Solution: + Select Unimodem mode for all DECT data adapters. (see section 2.4.) + +3.2. Telling the driver to provide more information + ---------------------------------------------- + Building the driver with the "Gigaset debugging" kernel configuration + option (CONFIG_GIGASET_DEBUG) gives it the ability to produce additional + information useful for debugging. + + You can control the amount of debugging information the driver produces by + writing an appropriate value to /sys/module/gigaset/parameters/debug, e.g. + echo 0 > /sys/module/gigaset/parameters/debug + switches off debugging output completely, + echo 0x10a020 > /sys/module/gigaset/parameters/debug + enables the standard set of debugging output messages. These values are + bit patterns where every bit controls a certain type of debugging output. + See the constants DEBUG_* in the source file gigaset.h for details. + + The initial value can be set using the debug parameter when loading the + module "gigaset", e.g. by adding a line + options gigaset debug=0 + to /etc/modprobe.conf, ... + + Generated debugging information can be found + - as output of the command + dmesg + - in system log files written by your syslog daemon, usually + in /var/log/, e.g. /var/log/messages. + +3.3. Reporting problems and bugs + --------------------------- + If you can't solve problems with the driver on your own, feel free to + use one of the forums, bug trackers, or mailing lists on + http://sourceforge.net/projects/gigaset307x + or write an electronic mail to the maintainers. + + Try to provide as much information as possible, such as + - distribution + - kernel version (uname -r) + - gcc version (gcc --version) + - hardware architecture (uname -m, ...) + - type and firmware version of your device (base and wireless module, + if any) + - output of "lsusb -v" (if using an USB device) + - error messages + - relevant system log messages (it would help if you activate debug + output as described in 3.2.) + + For help with general configuration problems not specific to our driver, + such as isdn4linux and network configuration issues, please refer to the + appropriate forums and newsgroups. + +3.4. Reporting problem solutions + --------------------------- + If you solved a problem with our drivers, wrote startup scripts for your + distribution, ... feel free to contact us (using one of the places + mentioned in 3.3.). We'd like to add scripts, hints, documentation + to the driver and/or the project web page. + + +4. Links, other software + --------------------- + - Sourceforge project developing this driver and associated tools + http://sourceforge.net/projects/gigaset307x + - Yahoo! Group on the Siemens Gigaset family of devices + http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Siemens-Gigaset + - Siemens Gigaset/T-Sinus compatibility table + http://www.erbze.info/sinus_gigaset.htm + + +5. Credits + ------- + Thanks to + + Karsten Keil + for his help with isdn4linux + Deti Fliegl + for his base driver code + Dennis Dietrich + for his kernel 2.6 patches + Andreas Rummel + for his work and logs to get unimodem mode working + Andreas Degert + for his logs and patches to get cx 100 working + Dietrich Feist + for his generous donation of one M105 and two M101 cordless adapters + Christoph Schweers + for his generous donation of a M34 device + + and all the other people who sent logs and other information. + diff --git a/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt b/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt index b18e21675906..5696e879449b 100644 --- a/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt +++ b/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt @@ -919,11 +919,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) int settle_time = 60; /* Parse the simple command-line */ - if (ac == 2) - disk = av[1]; - else if (ac == 4) { - settle_time = atoi(av[2]); - disk = av[3]; + if (argc == 2) + disk = argv[1]; + else if (argc == 4) { + settle_time = atoi(argv[2]); + disk = argv[3]; } else usage(); diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt index f8550310a6d5..92f0056d928c 100644 --- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt +++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt @@ -610,6 +610,7 @@ loads. Consider the following sequence of events: CPU 1 CPU 2 ======================= ======================= + { B = 7; X = 9; Y = 8; C = &Y } STORE A = 1 STORE B = 2 <write barrier> @@ -651,7 +652,20 @@ In the above example, CPU 2 perceives that B is 7, despite the load of *C (which would be B) coming after the the LOAD of C. If, however, a data dependency barrier were to be placed between the load of C -and the load of *C (ie: B) on CPU 2, then the following will occur: +and the load of *C (ie: B) on CPU 2: + + CPU 1 CPU 2 + ======================= ======================= + { B = 7; X = 9; Y = 8; C = &Y } + STORE A = 1 + STORE B = 2 + <write barrier> + STORE C = &B LOAD X + STORE D = 4 LOAD C (gets &B) + <data dependency barrier> + LOAD *C (reads B) + +then the following will occur: +-------+ : : : : | | +------+ +-------+ @@ -829,8 +843,8 @@ There are some more advanced barrier functions: (*) smp_mb__after_atomic_inc(); These are for use with atomic add, subtract, increment and decrement - functions, especially when used for reference counting. These functions - do not imply memory barriers. + functions that don't return a value, especially when used for reference + counting. These functions do not imply memory barriers. As an example, consider a piece of code that marks an object as being dead and then decrements the object's reference count: @@ -1263,15 +1277,17 @@ else. ATOMIC OPERATIONS ----------------- -Though they are technically interprocessor interaction considerations, atomic -operations are noted specially as they do _not_ generally imply memory -barriers. The possible offenders include: +Whilst they are technically interprocessor interaction considerations, atomic +operations are noted specially as some of them imply full memory barriers and +some don't, but they're very heavily relied on as a group throughout the +kernel. + +Any atomic operation that modifies some state in memory and returns information +about the state (old or new) implies an SMP-conditional general memory barrier +(smp_mb()) on each side of the actual operation. These include: xchg(); cmpxchg(); - test_and_set_bit(); - test_and_clear_bit(); - test_and_change_bit(); atomic_cmpxchg(); atomic_inc_return(); atomic_dec_return(); @@ -1282,21 +1298,31 @@ barriers. The possible offenders include: atomic_sub_and_test(); atomic_add_negative(); atomic_add_unless(); + test_and_set_bit(); + test_and_clear_bit(); + test_and_change_bit(); -These may be used for such things as implementing LOCK operations or controlling -the lifetime of objects by decreasing their reference counts. In such cases -they need preceding memory barriers. +These are used for such things as implementing LOCK-class and UNLOCK-class +operations and adjusting reference counters towards object destruction, and as +such the implicit memory barrier effects are necessary. -The following may also be possible offenders as they may be used as UNLOCK -operations. +The following operation are potential problems as they do _not_ imply memory +barriers, but might be used for implementing such things as UNLOCK-class +operations: + + atomic_set(); set_bit(); clear_bit(); change_bit(); - atomic_set(); +With these the appropriate explicit memory barrier should be used if necessary +(smp_mb__before_clear_bit() for instance). -The following are a little tricky: + +The following also do _not_ imply memory barriers, and so may require explicit +memory barriers under some circumstances (smp_mb__before_atomic_dec() for +instance)): atomic_add(); atomic_sub(); @@ -1317,10 +1343,12 @@ specific order. Basically, each usage case has to be carefully considered as to whether memory -barriers are needed or not. The simplest rule is probably: if the atomic -operation is protected by a lock, then it does not require a barrier unless -there's another operation within the critical section with respect to which an -ordering must be maintained. +barriers are needed or not. + +[!] Note that special memory barrier primitives are available for these +situations because on some CPUs the atomic instructions used imply full memory +barriers, and so barrier instructions are superfluous in conjunction with them, +and in such cases the special barrier primitives will be no-ops. See Documentation/atomic_ops.txt for more information. diff --git a/Documentation/mtrr.txt b/Documentation/mtrr.txt index b78af1c32996..c39ac395970e 100644 --- a/Documentation/mtrr.txt +++ b/Documentation/mtrr.txt @@ -138,19 +138,29 @@ Reading MTRRs from a C program using ioctl()'s: */ #include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <errno.h> -#define MTRR_NEED_STRINGS #include <asm/mtrr.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define ERRSTRING strerror (errno) +static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] = +{ + "uncachable", /* 0 */ + "write-combining", /* 1 */ + "?", /* 2 */ + "?", /* 3 */ + "write-through", /* 4 */ + "write-protect", /* 5 */ + "write-back", /* 6 */ +}; int main () { @@ -232,13 +242,22 @@ Creating MTRRs from a C programme using ioctl()'s: #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <errno.h> -#define MTRR_NEED_STRINGS #include <asm/mtrr.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define ERRSTRING strerror (errno) +static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] = +{ + "uncachable", /* 0 */ + "write-combining", /* 1 */ + "?", /* 2 */ + "?", /* 3 */ + "write-through", /* 4 */ + "write-protect", /* 5 */ + "write-back", /* 6 */ +}; int main (int argc, char **argv) { diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt index 331afd791cbb..ce767b90bb0d 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_eh.txt @@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ TABLE OF CONTENTS [2-1-1] Overview [2-1-2] Flow of scmds through EH [2-1-3] Flow of control - [2-2] EH through hostt->eh_strategy_handler() - [2-2-1] Pre hostt->eh_strategy_handler() SCSI midlayer conditions - [2-2-2] Post hostt->eh_strategy_handler() SCSI midlayer conditions + [2-2] EH through transportt->eh_strategy_handler() + [2-2-1] Pre transportt->eh_strategy_handler() SCSI midlayer conditions + [2-2-2] Post transportt->eh_strategy_handler() SCSI midlayer conditions [2-2-3] Things to consider @@ -413,9 +413,9 @@ scmd->allowed. layer of failure of the scmds. -[2-2] EH through hostt->eh_strategy_handler() +[2-2] EH through transportt->eh_strategy_handler() - hostt->eh_strategy_handler() is invoked in the place of + transportt->eh_strategy_handler() is invoked in the place of scsi_unjam_host() and it is responsible for whole recovery process. On completion, the handler should have made lower layers forget about all failed scmds and either ready for new commands or offline. Also, @@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ SCSI midlayer. IOW, of the steps described in [2-1-2], all steps except for #1 must be implemented by eh_strategy_handler(). -[2-2-1] Pre hostt->eh_strategy_handler() SCSI midlayer conditions +[2-2-1] Pre transportt->eh_strategy_handler() SCSI midlayer conditions The following conditions are true on entry to the handler. @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ except for #1 must be implemented by eh_strategy_handler(). - shost->host_failed == shost->host_busy -[2-2-2] Post hostt->eh_strategy_handler() SCSI midlayer conditions +[2-2-2] Post transportt->eh_strategy_handler() SCSI midlayer conditions The following conditions must be true on exit from the handler. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt index 8bbae3e1abdf..75a535a975c3 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/scsi_mid_low_api.txt @@ -804,7 +804,6 @@ Summary: eh_bus_reset_handler - issue SCSI bus reset eh_device_reset_handler - issue SCSI device reset eh_host_reset_handler - reset host (host bus adapter) - eh_strategy_handler - driver supplied alternate to scsi_unjam_host() info - supply information about given host ioctl - driver can respond to ioctls proc_info - supports /proc/scsi/{driver_name}/{host_no} @@ -970,24 +969,6 @@ Details: /** - * eh_strategy_handler - driver supplied alternate to scsi_unjam_host() - * @shp: host on which error has occurred - * - * Returns TRUE if host unjammed, else FALSE. - * - * Locks: none - * - * Calling context: kernel thread - * - * Notes: Invoked from scsi_eh thread. LLD supplied alternate to - * scsi_unjam_host() found in scsi_error.c - * - * Optionally defined in: LLD - **/ - int eh_strategy_handler(struct Scsi_Host * shp) - - -/** * info - supply information about given host: driver name plus data * to distinguish given host * @shp: host to supply information about diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl b/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl index 6feef9e82b63..68eeebc17ff4 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl @@ -1123,8 +1123,8 @@ if ((err = pci_enable_device(pci)) < 0) return err; /* check PCI availability (28bit DMA) */ - if (pci_set_dma_mask(pci, 0x0fffffff) < 0 || - pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, 0x0fffffff) < 0) { + if (pci_set_dma_mask(pci, DMA_28BIT_MASK) < 0 || + pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, DMA_28BIT_MASK) < 0) { printk(KERN_ERR "error to set 28bit mask DMA\n"); pci_disable_device(pci); return -ENXIO; @@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ The allocation of PCI resources is done in the <function>probe()</function> function, and usually an extra <function>xxx_create()</function> function is written for this - purpose. + purpose. </para> <para> @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ allocating resources. Also, you need to set the proper PCI DMA mask to limit the accessed i/o range. In some cases, you might need to call <function>pci_set_master()</function> function, - too. + too. </para> <para> @@ -1236,8 +1236,8 @@ <![CDATA[ if ((err = pci_enable_device(pci)) < 0) return err; - if (pci_set_dma_mask(pci, 0x0fffffff) < 0 || - pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, 0x0fffffff) < 0) { + if (pci_set_dma_mask(pci, DMA_28BIT_MASK) < 0 || + pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, DMA_28BIT_MASK) < 0) { printk(KERN_ERR "error to set 28bit mask DMA\n"); pci_disable_device(pci); return -ENXIO; @@ -1256,13 +1256,13 @@ functions. Unlike ALSA ver.0.5.x., there are no helpers for that. And these resources must be released in the destructor function (see below). Also, on ALSA 0.9.x, you don't need to - allocate (pseudo-)DMA for PCI like ALSA 0.5.x. + allocate (pseudo-)DMA for PCI like ALSA 0.5.x. </para> <para> Now assume that this PCI device has an I/O port with 8 bytes and an interrupt. Then struct <structname>mychip</structname> will have the - following fields: + following fields: <informalexample> <programlisting> diff --git a/Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt b/Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt index 1ad9af1ca4d0..2803f63c1a27 100644 --- a/Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt +++ b/Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ number of free hugetlb pages at any time. It also displays information about the configured hugepage size - this is needed for generating the proper alignment and size of the arguments to the above system calls. -The output of "cat /proc/meminfo" will have output like: +The output of "cat /proc/meminfo" will have lines like: ..... HugePages_Total: xxx @@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ pages in the kernel. Super user can dynamically request more (or free some pre-configured) hugepages. The allocation (or deallocation) of hugetlb pages is possible only if there are enough physically contiguous free pages in system (freeing of hugepages is -possible only if there are enough hugetlb pages free that can be transfered +possible only if there are enough hugetlb pages free that can be transferred back to regular memory pool). -Pages that are used as hugetlb pages are reserved inside the kernel and can -not be used for other purposes. +Pages that are used as hugetlb pages are reserved inside the kernel and cannot +be used for other purposes. Once the kernel with Hugetlb page support is built and running, a user can use either the mmap system call or shared memory system calls to start using @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Use the following command to dynamically allocate/deallocate hugepages: This command will try to configure 20 hugepages in the system. The success or failure of allocation depends on the amount of physically contiguous memory that is preset in system at this time. System administrators may want -to put this command in one of the local rc init file. This will enable the +to put this command in one of the local rc init files. This will enable the kernel to request huge pages early in the boot process (when the possibility of getting physical contiguous pages is still very high). @@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ the uid and gid of the current process are taken. The mode option sets the mode of root of file system to value & 0777. This value is given in octal. By default the value 0755 is picked. The size option sets the maximum value of memory (huge pages) allowed for that filesystem (/mnt/huge). The size is -rounded down to HPAGE_SIZE. The option nr_inode sets the maximum number of -inodes that /mnt/huge can use. If the size or nr_inode options are not +rounded down to HPAGE_SIZE. The option nr_inodes sets the maximum number of +inodes that /mnt/huge can use. If the size or nr_inodes options are not provided on command line then no limits are set. For size and nr_inodes options, you can use [G|g]/[M|m]/[K|k] to represent giga/mega/kilo. For example, size=2K has the same meaning as size=2048. An example is given at @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ the end of this document. read and write system calls are not supported on files that reside on hugetlb file systems. -A regular chown, chgrp and chmod commands (with right permissions) could be +Regular chown, chgrp, and chmod commands (with right permissions) could be used to change the file attributes on hugetlbfs. Also, it is important to note that no such mount command is required if the @@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ applications are going to use only shmat/shmget system calls. Users who wish to use hugetlb page via shared memory segment should be a member of a supplementary group and system admin needs to configure that gid into /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group. It is possible for same or different -applications to use any combination of mmaps and shm* calls. Though the -mount of filesystem will be required for using mmaps. +applications to use any combination of mmaps and shm* calls, though the +mount of filesystem will be required for using mmap calls. ******************************************************************* |