23 files changed, 26 insertions, 246 deletions
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/aarch32.c b/virt/kvm/arm/aarch32.c
index 6880236974b8..c4c57ba99e90 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/aarch32.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/aarch32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * (not much of an) Emulation layer for 32bit guests.
  *
@@ -7,18 +8,6 @@
  * based on arch/arm/kvm/emulate.c
  * Copyright (C) 2012 - Virtual Open Systems and Columbia University
  * Author: Christoffer Dall <c.dall@virtualopensystems.com>
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/kvm_host.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/arch_timer.c b/virt/kvm/arm/arch_timer.c
index 05ddb6293b79..1be486d5d7cb 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/arch_timer.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/arch_timer.c
@@ -309,14 +309,15 @@ static void kvm_timer_update_irq(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool new_level,
 	}
 }
 
+/* Only called for a fully emulated timer */
 static void timer_emulate(struct arch_timer_context *ctx)
 {
 	bool should_fire = kvm_timer_should_fire(ctx);
 
 	trace_kvm_timer_emulate(ctx, should_fire);
 
-	if (should_fire) {
-		kvm_timer_update_irq(ctx->vcpu, true, ctx);
+	if (should_fire != ctx->irq.level) {
+		kvm_timer_update_irq(ctx->vcpu, should_fire, ctx);
 		return;
 	}
 
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/hyp/timer-sr.c b/virt/kvm/arm/hyp/timer-sr.c
index 77754a62eb0c..ff76e6845fe4 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/hyp/timer-sr.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/hyp/timer-sr.c
@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2012-2015 - ARM Ltd
  * Author: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <clocksource/arm_arch_timer.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/hyp/vgic-v3-sr.c b/virt/kvm/arm/hyp/vgic-v3-sr.c
index 370bd6c5e6cb..254c5f190a3d 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/hyp/vgic-v3-sr.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/hyp/vgic-v3-sr.c
@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2012-2015 - ARM Ltd
  * Author: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/perf.c b/virt/kvm/arm/perf.c
index 1a3849da0b4b..918cdc3839ea 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/perf.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/perf.c
@@ -1,20 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Based on the x86 implementation.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
  * Author: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/pmu.c b/virt/kvm/arm/pmu.c
index 1c5b76c46e26..da740764a7ee 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/pmu.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/pmu.c
@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2015 Linaro Ltd.
  * Author: Shannon Zhao <shannon.zhao@linaro.org>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/psci.c b/virt/kvm/arm/psci.c
index 34d08ee63747..be3c9cdca9f3 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/psci.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/psci.c
@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2012 - ARM Ltd
  * Author: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/arm-smccc.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-debug.c b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-debug.c
index 1f62f2b8065d..cc12fe9b2df3 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-debug.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-debug.c
@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2016 Linaro
  * Author: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-init.c b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-init.c
index 3bdb31eaed64..bdbc297d06fb 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-init.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-init.c
@@ -1,17 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2015, 2016 ARM Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-irqfd.c b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-irqfd.c
index 99e026d2dade..c9304b88e720 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-irqfd.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-irqfd.c
@@ -1,17 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2015, 2016 ARM Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/kvm.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-its.c b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-its.c
index 44ceaccb18cf..482036612adf 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-its.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-its.c
@@ -1,20 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * GICv3 ITS emulation
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2015,2016 ARM Ltd.
  * Author: Andre Przywara <andre.przywara@arm.com>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
@@ -1734,6 +1723,7 @@ static void vgic_its_destroy(struct kvm_device *kvm_dev)
 
 	mutex_unlock(&its->its_lock);
 	kfree(its);
+	kfree(kvm_dev);/* alloc by kvm_ioctl_create_device, free by .destroy */
 }
 
 static int vgic_its_has_attr_regs(struct kvm_device *dev,
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.h b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.h
index a07f90acdaec..836f418f1ee8 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.h
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-mmio.h
@@ -1,17 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2015, 2016 ARM Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 #ifndef __KVM_ARM_VGIC_MMIO_H__
 #define __KVM_ARM_VGIC_MMIO_H__
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v2.c b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v2.c
index d91a8938aa7c..6dd5ad706c92 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v2.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v2.c
@@ -1,17 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2015, 2016 ARM Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/irqchip/arm-gic.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v3.c b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v3.c
index 9f87e58dbd4a..c2c9ce009f63 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v3.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v3.c
@@ -1,16 +1,4 @@
-/*
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include <linux/irqchip/arm-gic-v3.h>
 #include <linux/kvm.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v4.c b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v4.c
index 1ed5f2286b8e..477af6aebb97 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v4.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic-v4.c
@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2017 ARM Ltd.
  * Author: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic.c b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic.c
index 191deccf60bf..04786c8ec77e 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic.c
@@ -1,17 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2015, 2016 ARM Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic.h b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic.h
index abeeffabc456..57205beaa981 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic.h
+++ b/virt/kvm/arm/vgic/vgic.h
@@ -1,17 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2015, 2016 ARM Ltd.
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 #ifndef __KVM_ARM_VGIC_NEW_H__
 #define __KVM_ARM_VGIC_NEW_H__
diff --git a/virt/kvm/async_pf.c b/virt/kvm/async_pf.c
index 110cbe3f74f8..35305d6e68cc 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/async_pf.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/async_pf.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * kvm asynchronous fault support
  *
@@ -5,19 +6,6 @@
  *
  * Author:
  *      Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
- *
- * This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License
- * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
- * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
  */
 
 #include <linux/kvm_host.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/async_pf.h b/virt/kvm/async_pf.h
index ec4cfa278f04..90d1a7d8c6de 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/async_pf.h
+++ b/virt/kvm/async_pf.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 /*
  * kvm asynchronous fault support
  *
@@ -5,19 +6,6 @@
  *
  * Author:
  *      Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
- *
- * This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License
- * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
- * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
  */
 
 #ifndef __KVM_ASYNC_PF_H__
diff --git a/virt/kvm/eventfd.c b/virt/kvm/eventfd.c
index 3972a9564c76..67b6fc153e9c 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/eventfd.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/eventfd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * kvm eventfd support - use eventfd objects to signal various KVM events
  *
@@ -6,19 +7,6 @@
  *
  * Author:
  *	Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
- *
- * This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License
- * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.	 See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
- * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
  */
 
 #include <linux/kvm_host.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
index ca54b09adf5b..2f2d24a4dd5c 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Kernel-based Virtual Machine driver for Linux
  *
@@ -10,10 +11,6 @@
  * Authors:
  *   Avi Kivity   <avi@qumranet.com>
  *   Yaniv Kamay  <yaniv@qumranet.com>
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
- * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
- *
  */
 
 #include <kvm/iodev.h>
diff --git a/virt/kvm/vfio.c b/virt/kvm/vfio.c
index 524cbd20379f..8fcbc50221c2 100644
--- a/virt/kvm/vfio.c
+++ b/virt/kvm/vfio.c
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * VFIO-KVM bridge pseudo device
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2013 Red Hat, Inc.  All rights reserved.
  *     Author: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  */
 
 #include <linux/errno.h>
diff --git a/virt/lib/irqbypass.c b/virt/lib/irqbypass.c
index 6d2fcd6fcb25..43de8ae78fa1 100644
--- a/virt/lib/irqbypass.c
+++ b/virt/lib/irqbypass.c
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * IRQ offload/bypass manager
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2015 Red Hat, Inc.
  * Copyright (c) 2015 Linaro Ltd.
  *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.
- *
  * Various virtualization hardware acceleration techniques allow bypassing or
  * offloading interrupts received from devices around the host kernel.  Posted
  * Interrupts on Intel VT-d systems can allow interrupts to be received