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* thp: khugepaged: make khugepaged aware about madviseAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-143-7/+24
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE were fully effective only if run after mmap and before touching the memory. While this is enough for most usages, it's little effort to make madvise more dynamic at runtime on an existing mapping by making khugepaged aware about madvise. MADV_HUGEPAGE: register in khugepaged immediately without waiting a page fault (that may not ever happen if all pages are already mapped and the "enabled" knob was set to madvise during the initial page faults). MADV_NOHUGEPAGE: skip vmas marked VM_NOHUGEPAGE in khugepaged to stop collapsing pages where not needed. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: madvise(MADV_NOHUGEPAGE)Andrea Arcangeli2011-01-145-21/+46
| | | | | | | | | | | Add madvise MADV_NOHUGEPAGE to mark regions that are not important to be hugepage backed. Return -EINVAL if the vma is not of an anonymous type, or the feature isn't built into the kernel. Never silently return success. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: mm: define MADV_NOHUGEPAGEAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-145-0/+5
| | | | | | | | Define MADV_NOHUGEPAGE. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: compound_trans_orderAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-143-12/+26
| | | | | | | | | | Read compound_trans_order safe. Noop for CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=n. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: fix memory-failure hugetlbfs vs THP collisionAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-142-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hugetlbfs was changed to allow memory failure to migrate the hugetlbfs pages and that broke THP as split_huge_page was then called on hugetlbfs pages too. compound_head/order was also run unsafe on THP pages that can be splitted at any time. All compound_head() invocations in memory-failure.c that are run on pages that aren't pinned and that can be freed and reused from under us (while compound_head is running) are buggy because compound_head can return a dangling pointer, but I'm not fixing this as this is a generic memory-failure bug not specific to THP but it applies to hugetlbfs too, so I can fix it later after THP is merged upstream. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: add debug checks for mapcount related invariantsAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-2/+4
| | | | | | | | | Add debug checks for invariants that if broken could lead to mapcount vs page_mapcount debug checks to trigger later in split_huge_page. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: transparent hugepage sysfs meminfoDavid Rientjes2011-01-141-3/+18
| | | | | | | | | | Add hugepage statistics to per-node sysfs meminfo Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: scale nr_rotated to balance memory pressureRik van Riel2011-01-141-2/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | Make sure we scale up nr_rotated when we encounter a referenced transparent huge page. This ensures pageout scanning balance is not distorted when there are huge pages on the LRU. Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: fix anon memory statistics with transparent hugepagesRik van Riel2011-01-145-9/+30
| | | | | | | | | | | Count each transparent hugepage as HPAGE_PMD_NR pages in the LRU statistics, so the Active(anon) and Inactive(anon) statistics in /proc/meminfo are correct. Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: disable transparent hugepages by default on small systemsRik van Riel2011-01-141-0/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | On small systems, the extra memory used by the anti-fragmentation memory reserve and simply because huge pages are smaller than large pages can easily outweigh the benefits of less TLB misses. A less obvious concern is if run on a NUMA machine with asymmetric node sizes and one of them is very small. The reserve could make the node unusable. In case of the crashdump kernel, OOMs have been observed due to the anti-fragmentation memory reserve taking up a large fraction of the crashdump image. This patch disables transparent hugepages on systems with less than 1GB of RAM, but the hugepage subsystem is fully initialized so administrators can enable THP through /sys if desired. Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Avi Kiviti <avi@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: use compaction for all allocation ordersAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | It makes no sense not to enable compaction for small order pages as we don't want to end up with bad order 2 allocations and good and graceful order 9 allocations. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: use compaction in kswapd for GFP_ATOMIC order > 0Andrea Arcangeli2011-01-143-18/+54
| | | | | | | | | | This takes advantage of memory compaction to properly generate pages of order > 0 if regular page reclaim fails and priority level becomes more severe and we don't reach the proper watermarks. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: freeze khugepaged and ksmdAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-142-4/+18
| | | | | | | | | | | It's unclear why schedule friendly kernel threads can't be taken away by the CPU through the scheduler itself. It's safer to stop them as they can trigger memory allocation, if kswapd also freezes itself to avoid generating I/O they have too. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: mmu_notifier_test_youngAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-147-2/+105
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | For GRU and EPT, we need gup-fast to set referenced bit too (this is why it's correct to return 0 when shadow_access_mask is zero, it requires gup-fast to set the referenced bit). qemu-kvm access already sets the young bit in the pte if it isn't zero-copy, if it's zero copy or a shadow paging EPT minor fault we relay on gup-fast to signal the page is in use... We also need to check the young bits on the secondary pagetables for NPT and not nested shadow mmu as the data may never get accessed again by the primary pte. Without this closer accuracy, we'd have to remove the heuristic that avoids collapsing hugepages in hugepage virtual regions that have not even a single subpage in use. ->test_young is full backwards compatible with GRU and other usages that don't have young bits in pagetables set by the hardware and that should nuke the secondary mmu mappings when ->clear_flush_young runs just like EPT does. Removing the heuristic that checks the young bit in khugepaged/collapse_huge_page completely isn't so bad either probably but I thought it was worth it and this makes it reliable. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: don't allow transparent hugepage support without PSEAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-142-0/+13
| | | | | | | | | | Archs implementing Transparent Hugepage Support must implement a function called has_transparent_hugepage to be sure the virtual or physical CPU supports Transparent Hugepages. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: avoid breaking huge pmd invariants in case of vma_adjust failuresAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-143-2/+99
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | An huge pmd can only be mapped if the corresponding 2M virtual range is fully contained in the vma. At times the VM calls split_vma twice, if the first split_vma succeeds and the second fail, the first split_vma remains in effect and it's not rolled back. For split_vma or vma_adjust to fail an allocation failure is needed so it's a very unlikely event (the out of memory killer would normally fire before any allocation failure is visible to kernel and userland and if an out of memory condition happens it's unlikely to happen exactly here). Nevertheless it's safer to ensure that no huge pmd can be left around if the vma is adjusted in a way that can't fit hugepages anymore at the new vm_start/vm_end address. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: transhuge isolate_migratepages()Andrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-0/+15
| | | | | | | | | | It's not worth migrating transparent hugepages during compaction. Those hugepages don't create fragmentation. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: select CONFIG_COMPACTION if TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE enabledAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With transparent hugepage support we need compaction for the "defrag" sysfs controls to be effective. At the moment THP hangs the system if COMPACTION isn't selected, as without COMPACTION lumpy reclaim wouldn't be entirely disabled. So at the moment it's not orthogonal. When lumpy will be removed from the VM I can remove the select COMPACTION in theory, but then 99% of THP users would be still doing a mistake in disabling compaction, even if the mistake won't return in fatal runtime but just slightly degraded performance. So from a theoretical standpoing forcing the below select is not needed (the dependency isn't strict nor at compile time nor at runtime) but from a practical standpoint it is safer. If anybody really wants THP to run without compaction, it'd be such a weird setup that editing the Kconfig file to allow it will be surely not a problem. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: transparent hugepage config choiceAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-142-2/+30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Allow to choose between the always|madvise default for page faults and khugepaged at config time. madvise guarantees zero risk of higher memory footprint for applications (applications using madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) won't risk to use any more memory by backing their virtual regions with hugepages). Initially set the default to N and don't depend on EMBEDDED. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: allocate memory in khugepaged outside of mmap_sem write modeAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-22/+34
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | This tries to be more friendly to filesystem in userland, with userland backends that allocate memory in the I/O paths and that could deadlock if khugepaged holds the mmap_sem write mode of the userland backend while allocating memory. Memory allocation may wait for writeback I/O completion from the daemon that may be blocked in the mmap_sem read mode if a page fault happens and the daemon wasn't using mlock for the memory required for the I/O submission and completion. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: add numa awareness to hugepage allocationsAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-143-20/+87
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | It's mostly a matter of replacing alloc_pages with alloc_pages_vma after introducing alloc_pages_vma. khugepaged needs special handling as the allocation has to happen inside collapse_huge_page where the vma is known and an error has to be returned to the outer loop to sleep alloc_sleep_millisecs in case of failure. But it retains the more efficient logic of handling allocation failures in khugepaged in case of CONFIG_NUMA=n. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: enable direct defragAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | With memory compaction in, and lumpy-reclaim disabled, it seems safe enough to defrag memory during the (synchronous) transparent hugepage page faults (TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_FLAG) and not only during khugepaged (async) hugepage allocations that was already enabled even before memory compaction was in (TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG). Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: set recommended min free kbytesAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-0/+52
| | | | | | | | | If transparent hugepage is enabled initialize min_free_kbytes to an optimal value by default. This moves the hugeadm algorithm in kernel. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: mprotect: transparent huge page supportJohannes Weiner2011-01-143-1/+36
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Natively handle huge pmds when changing page tables on behalf of mprotect(). I left out update_mmu_cache() because we do not need it on x86 anyway but more importantly the interface works on ptes, not pmds. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: mprotect: pass vma down to page table walkersJohannes Weiner2011-01-141-6/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | Flushing the tlb for huge pmds requires the vma's anon_vma, so pass along the vma instead of the mm, we can always get the latter when we need it. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: add pmd_modifyJohannes Weiner2011-01-142-0/+11
| | | | | | | | | | Add pmd_modify() for use with mprotect() on huge pmds. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: mincore transparent hugepage supportJohannes Weiner2011-01-143-1/+35
| | | | | | | | | | | Handle transparent huge page pmd entries natively instead of splitting them into subpages. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: add x86 32bit supportJohannes Weiner2011-01-147-115/+156
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Add support for transparent hugepages to x86 32bit. Share the same VM_ bitflag for VM_MAPPED_COPY. mm/nommu.c will never support transparent hugepages. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: remove PG_buddyAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-147-29/+52
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | PG_buddy can be converted to _mapcount == -2. So the PG_compound_lock can be added to page->flags without overflowing (because of the sparse section bits increasing) with CONFIG_X86_PAE=y and CONFIG_X86_PAT=y. This also has to move the memory hotplug code from _mapcount to lru.next to avoid any risk of clashes. We can't use lru.next for PG_buddy removal, but memory hotplug can use lru.next even more easily than the mapcount instead. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: skip transhuge pages in ksm for nowAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-4/+15
| | | | | | | | | | Skip transhuge pages in ksm for now. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: khugepaged vma mergeAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-0/+5
| | | | | | | | register in khugepaged if the vma grows. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: khugepagedAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-145-10/+1136
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add khugepaged to relocate fragmented pages into hugepages if new hugepages become available. (this is indipendent of the defrag logic that will have to make new hugepages available) The fundamental reason why khugepaged is unavoidable, is that some memory can be fragmented and not everything can be relocated. So when a virtual machine quits and releases gigabytes of hugepages, we want to use those freely available hugepages to create huge-pmd in the other virtual machines that may be running on fragmented memory, to maximize the CPU efficiency at all times. The scan is slow, it takes nearly zero cpu time, except when it copies data (in which case it means we definitely want to pay for that cpu time) so it seems a good tradeoff. In addition to the hugepages being released by other process releasing memory, we have the strong suspicion that the performance impact of potentially defragmenting hugepages during or before each page fault could lead to more performance inconsistency than allocating small pages at first and having them collapsed into large pages later... if they prove themselfs to be long lived mappings (khugepaged scan is slow so short lived mappings have low probability to run into khugepaged if compared to long lived mappings). Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: transparent hugepage vmstatAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-145-5/+34
| | | | | | | | | Add hugepage stat information to /proc/vmstat and /proc/meminfo. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: memcg huge memoryAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-5/+31
| | | | | | | | | Add memcg charge/uncharge to hugepage faults in huge_memory.c. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: transhuge-memcg: commit tail pages at chargeDaisuke Nishimura2011-01-141-17/+35
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | By this patch, when a transparent hugepage is charged, not only the head page but also all the tail pages are committed, IOW pc->mem_cgroup and pc->flags of tail pages are set. Without this patch: - Tail pages are not linked to any memcg's LRU at splitting. This causes many problems, for example, the charged memcg's directory can never be rmdir'ed because it doesn't have enough pages to scan to make the usage decrease to 0. - "rss" field in memory.stat would be incorrect. Moreover, usage_in_bytes in root cgroup is calculated by the stat not by res_counter(since 2.6.32), it would be incorrect too. Signed-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: memcg compoundAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-30/+53
| | | | | | | | | Teach memcg to charge/uncharge compound pages. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: pmd_trans_huge migrate bugcheckAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-143-1/+12
| | | | | | | | | | No pmd_trans_huge should ever materialize in migration ptes areas, because we split the hugepage before migration ptes are instantiated. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE)Andrea Arcangeli2011-01-143-0/+30
| | | | | | | | | | | | Add madvise MADV_HUGEPAGE to mark regions that are important to be hugepage backed. Return -EINVAL if the vma is not of an anonymous type, or the feature isn't built into the kernel. Never silently return success. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: verify pmd_trans_huge isn't leakingAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-1/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | pte_trans_huge must not leak in certain vmas like the mmio special pfn or filebacked mappings. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: split_huge_page anon_vma ordering dependencyAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-142-0/+20
| | | | | | | | | | | This documents how split_huge_page is safe vs new vma inserctions into the anon_vma that may have already released the anon_vma->lock but not established pmds yet when split_huge_page starts. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: transparent hugepage core fixletHugh Dickins2011-01-141-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | If you configure THP in addition to HUGETLB_PAGE on x86_32 without PAE, the p?d-folding works out that munlock_vma_pages_range() can crash to follow_page()'s pud_huge() BUG_ON(flags & FOLL_GET): it needs the same VM_HUGETLB check already there on the pmd_huge() line. Conveniently, openSUSE provides a "blogd" which tests this out at startup! Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: transparent hugepage coreAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-1414-35/+1220
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lately I've been working to make KVM use hugepages transparently without the usual restrictions of hugetlbfs. Some of the restrictions I'd like to see removed: 1) hugepages have to be swappable or the guest physical memory remains locked in RAM and can't be paged out to swap 2) if a hugepage allocation fails, regular pages should be allocated instead and mixed in the same vma without any failure and without userland noticing 3) if some task quits and more hugepages become available in the buddy, guest physical memory backed by regular pages should be relocated on hugepages automatically in regions under madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) (ideally event driven by waking up the kernel deamon if the order=HPAGE_PMD_SHIFT-PAGE_SHIFT list becomes not null) 4) avoidance of reservation and maximization of use of hugepages whenever possible. Reservation (needed to avoid runtime fatal faliures) may be ok for 1 machine with 1 database with 1 database cache with 1 database cache size known at boot time. It's definitely not feasible with a virtualization hypervisor usage like RHEV-H that runs an unknown number of virtual machines with an unknown size of each virtual machine with an unknown amount of pagecache that could be potentially useful in the host for guest not using O_DIRECT (aka cache=off). hugepages in the virtualization hypervisor (and also in the guest!) are much more important than in a regular host not using virtualization, becasue with NPT/EPT they decrease the tlb-miss cacheline accesses from 24 to 19 in case only the hypervisor uses transparent hugepages, and they decrease the tlb-miss cacheline accesses from 19 to 15 in case both the linux hypervisor and the linux guest both uses this patch (though the guest will limit the addition speedup to anonymous regions only for now...). Even more important is that the tlb miss handler is much slower on a NPT/EPT guest than for a regular shadow paging or no-virtualization scenario. So maximizing the amount of virtual memory cached by the TLB pays off significantly more with NPT/EPT than without (even if there would be no significant speedup in the tlb-miss runtime). The first (and more tedious) part of this work requires allowing the VM to handle anonymous hugepages mixed with regular pages transparently on regular anonymous vmas. This is what this patch tries to achieve in the least intrusive possible way. We want hugepages and hugetlb to be used in a way so that all applications can benefit without changes (as usual we leverage the KVM virtualization design: by improving the Linux VM at large, KVM gets the performance boost too). The most important design choice is: always fallback to 4k allocation if the hugepage allocation fails! This is the _very_ opposite of some large pagecache patches that failed with -EIO back then if a 64k (or similar) allocation failed... Second important decision (to reduce the impact of the feature on the existing pagetable handling code) is that at any time we can split an hugepage into 512 regular pages and it has to be done with an operation that can't fail. This way the reliability of the swapping isn't decreased (no need to allocate memory when we are short on memory to swap) and it's trivial to plug a split_huge_page* one-liner where needed without polluting the VM. Over time we can teach mprotect, mremap and friends to handle pmd_trans_huge natively without calling split_huge_page*. The fact it can't fail isn't just for swap: if split_huge_page would return -ENOMEM (instead of the current void) we'd need to rollback the mprotect from the middle of it (ideally including undoing the split_vma) which would be a big change and in the very wrong direction (it'd likely be simpler not to call split_huge_page at all and to teach mprotect and friends to handle hugepages instead of rolling them back from the middle). In short the very value of split_huge_page is that it can't fail. The collapsing and madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) part will remain separated and incremental and it'll just be an "harmless" addition later if this initial part is agreed upon. It also should be noted that locking-wise replacing regular pages with hugepages is going to be very easy if compared to what I'm doing below in split_huge_page, as it will only happen when page_count(page) matches page_mapcount(page) if we can take the PG_lock and mmap_sem in write mode. collapse_huge_page will be a "best effort" that (unlike split_huge_page) can fail at the minimal sign of trouble and we can try again later. collapse_huge_page will be similar to how KSM works and the madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) will work similar to madvise(MADV_MERGEABLE). The default I like is that transparent hugepages are used at page fault time. This can be changed with /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled. The control knob can be set to three values "always", "madvise", "never" which mean respectively that hugepages are always used, or only inside madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) regions, or never used. /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag instead controls if the hugepage allocation should defrag memory aggressively "always", only inside "madvise" regions, or "never". The pmd_trans_splitting/pmd_trans_huge locking is very solid. The put_page (from get_user_page users that can't use mmu notifier like O_DIRECT) that runs against a __split_huge_page_refcount instead was a pain to serialize in a way that would result always in a coherent page count for both tail and head. I think my locking solution with a compound_lock taken only after the page_first is valid and is still a PageHead should be safe but it surely needs review from SMP race point of view. In short there is no current existing way to serialize the O_DIRECT final put_page against split_huge_page_refcount so I had to invent a new one (O_DIRECT loses knowledge on the mapping status by the time gup_fast returns so...). And I didn't want to impact all gup/gup_fast users for now, maybe if we change the gup interface substantially we can avoid this locking, I admit I didn't think too much about it because changing the gup unpinning interface would be invasive. If we ignored O_DIRECT we could stick to the existing compound refcounting code, by simply adding a get_user_pages_fast_flags(foll_flags) where KVM (and any other mmu notifier user) would call it without FOLL_GET (and if FOLL_GET isn't set we'd just BUG_ON if nobody registered itself in the current task mmu notifier list yet). But O_DIRECT is fundamental for decent performance of virtualized I/O on fast storage so we can't avoid it to solve the race of put_page against split_huge_page_refcount to achieve a complete hugepage feature for KVM. Swap and oom works fine (well just like with regular pages ;). MMU notifier is handled transparently too, with the exception of the young bit on the pmd, that didn't have a range check but I think KVM will be fine because the whole point of hugepages is that EPT/NPT will also use a huge pmd when they notice gup returns pages with PageCompound set, so they won't care of a range and there's just the pmd young bit to check in that case. NOTE: in some cases if the L2 cache is small, this may slowdown and waste memory during COWs because 4M of memory are accessed in a single fault instead of 8k (the payoff is that after COW the program can run faster). So we might want to switch the copy_huge_page (and clear_huge_page too) to not temporal stores. I also extensively researched ways to avoid this cache trashing with a full prefault logic that would cow in 8k/16k/32k/64k up to 1M (I can send those patches that fully implemented prefault) but I concluded they're not worth it and they add an huge additional complexity and they remove all tlb benefits until the full hugepage has been faulted in, to save a little bit of memory and some cache during app startup, but they still don't improve substantially the cache-trashing during startup if the prefault happens in >4k chunks. One reason is that those 4k pte entries copied are still mapped on a perfectly cache-colored hugepage, so the trashing is the worst one can generate in those copies (cow of 4k page copies aren't so well colored so they trashes less, but again this results in software running faster after the page fault). Those prefault patches allowed things like a pte where post-cow pages were local 4k regular anon pages and the not-yet-cowed pte entries were pointing in the middle of some hugepage mapped read-only. If it doesn't payoff substantially with todays hardware it will payoff even less in the future with larger l2 caches, and the prefault logic would blot the VM a lot. If one is emebdded transparent_hugepage can be disabled during boot with sysfs or with the boot commandline parameter transparent_hugepage=0 (or transparent_hugepage=2 to restrict hugepages inside madvise regions) that will ensure not a single hugepage is allocated at boot time. It is simple enough to just disable transparent hugepage globally and let transparent hugepages be allocated selectively by applications in the MADV_HUGEPAGE region (both at page fault time, and if enabled with the collapse_huge_page too through the kernel daemon). This patch supports only hugepages mapped in the pmd, archs that have smaller hugepages will not fit in this patch alone. Also some archs like power have certain tlb limits that prevents mixing different page size in the same regions so they will not fit in this framework that requires "graceful fallback" to basic PAGE_SIZE in case of physical memory fragmentation. hugetlbfs remains a perfect fit for those because its software limits happen to match the hardware limits. hugetlbfs also remains a perfect fit for hugepage sizes like 1GByte that cannot be hoped to be found not fragmented after a certain system uptime and that would be very expensive to defragment with relocation, so requiring reservation. hugetlbfs is the "reservation way", the point of transparent hugepages is not to have any reservation at all and maximizing the use of cache and hugepages at all times automatically. Some performance result: vmx andrea # LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib64/libhugetlbfs.so HUGETLB_MORECORE=yes HUGETLB_PATH=/mnt/huge/ ./largep ages3 memset page fault 1566023 memset tlb miss 453854 memset second tlb miss 453321 random access tlb miss 41635 random access second tlb miss 41658 vmx andrea # LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib64/libhugetlbfs.so HUGETLB_MORECORE=yes HUGETLB_PATH=/mnt/huge/ ./largepages3 memset page fault 1566471 memset tlb miss 453375 memset second tlb miss 453320 random access tlb miss 41636 random access second tlb miss 41637 vmx andrea # ./largepages3 memset page fault 1566642 memset tlb miss 453417 memset second tlb miss 453313 random access tlb miss 41630 random access second tlb miss 41647 vmx andrea # ./largepages3 memset page fault 1566872 memset tlb miss 453418 memset second tlb miss 453315 random access tlb miss 41618 random access second tlb miss 41659 vmx andrea # echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/transparent_hugepage vmx andrea # ./largepages3 memset page fault 2182476 memset tlb miss 460305 memset second tlb miss 460179 random access tlb miss 44483 random access second tlb miss 44186 vmx andrea # ./largepages3 memset page fault 2182791 memset tlb miss 460742 memset second tlb miss 459962 random access tlb miss 43981 random access second tlb miss 43988 ============ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/time.h> #define SIZE (3UL*1024*1024*1024) int main() { char *p = malloc(SIZE), *p2; struct timeval before, after; gettimeofday(&before, NULL); memset(p, 0, SIZE); gettimeofday(&after, NULL); printf("memset page fault %Lu\n", (after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL + after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec); gettimeofday(&before, NULL); memset(p, 0, SIZE); gettimeofday(&after, NULL); printf("memset tlb miss %Lu\n", (after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL + after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec); gettimeofday(&before, NULL); memset(p, 0, SIZE); gettimeofday(&after, NULL); printf("memset second tlb miss %Lu\n", (after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL + after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec); gettimeofday(&before, NULL); for (p2 = p; p2 < p+SIZE; p2 += 4096) *p2 = 0; gettimeofday(&after, NULL); printf("random access tlb miss %Lu\n", (after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL + after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec); gettimeofday(&before, NULL); for (p2 = p; p2 < p+SIZE; p2 += 4096) *p2 = 0; gettimeofday(&after, NULL); printf("random access second tlb miss %Lu\n", (after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL + after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec); return 0; } ============ Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: don't alloc harder for gfp nomemalloc even if nowaitAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-1/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Not worth throwing away the precious reserved free memory pool for allocations that can fail gracefully (either through mempool or because they're transhuge allocations later falling back to 4k allocations). Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: _GFP_NO_KSWAPDAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-142-2/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Transparent hugepage allocations must be allowed not to invoke kswapd or any other kind of indirect reclaim (especially when the defrag sysfs is control disabled). It's unacceptable to swap out anonymous pages (potentially anonymous transparent hugepages) in order to create new transparent hugepages. This is true for the MADV_HUGEPAGE areas too (swapping out a kvm virtual machine and so having it suffer an unbearable slowdown, so another one with guest physical memory marked MADV_HUGEPAGE can run 30% faster if it is running memory intensive workloads, makes no sense). If a transparent hugepage allocation fails the slowdown is minor and there is total fallback, so kswapd should never be asked to swapout memory to allow the high order allocation to succeed. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: kvm mmu transparent hugepage supportAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-144-19/+125
| | | | | | | | | | | This should work for both hugetlbfs and transparent hugepages. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: bring forward PageTransCompound() addition for bisectability] Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: clear_copy_huge_pageAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-143-67/+83
| | | | | | | | | | | Move the copy/clear_huge_page functions to common code to share between hugetlb.c and huge_memory.c. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: split_huge_page pagingAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-144-0/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Paging logic that splits the page before it is unmapped and added to swap to ensure backwards compatibility with the legacy swap code. Eventually swap should natively pageout the hugepages to increase performance and decrease seeking and fragmentation of swap space. swapoff can just skip over huge pmd as they cannot be part of swap yet. In add_to_swap be careful to split the page only if we got a valid swap entry so we don't split hugepages with a full swap. In theory we could split pages before isolating them during the lru scan, but for khugepaged to be safe, I'm relying on either mmap_sem write mode, or PG_lock taken, so split_huge_page has to run either with mmap_sem read/write mode or PG_lock taken. Calling it from isolate_lru_page would make locking more complicated, in addition to that split_huge_page would deadlock if called by __isolate_lru_page because it has to take the lru lock to add the tail pages. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: split_huge_page_mm/vmaAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-146-0/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | split_huge_page_pmd compat code. Each one of those would need to be expanded to hundred of lines of complex code without a fully reliable split_huge_page_pmd design. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: add pmd_huge_pte to mm_structAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-142-0/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This increase the size of the mm struct a bit but it is needed to preallocate one pte for each hugepage so that split_huge_page will not require a fail path. Guarantee of success is a fundamental property of split_huge_page to avoid decrasing swapping reliability and to avoid adding -ENOMEM fail paths that would otherwise force the hugepage-unaware VM code to learn rolling back in the middle of its pte mangling operations (if something we need it to learn handling pmd_trans_huge natively rather being capable of rollback). When split_huge_page runs a pte is needed to succeed the split, to map the newly splitted regular pages with a regular pte. This way all existing VM code remains backwards compatible by just adding a split_huge_page* one liner. The memory waste of those preallocated ptes is negligible and so it is worth it. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* thp: clear page compoundAndrea Arcangeli2011-01-141-1/+16
| | | | | | | | | | | | split_huge_page must transform a compound page to a regular page and needs ClearPageCompound. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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