| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age | Files | Lines |
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This patch moves dma_addressing_limited() out of line, serving as a
preliminary step to prevent the introduction of a new publicly accessible
low-level helper when validating whether all system RAM is mapped within
the DMA mapping range.
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jia He <justin.he@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Fix these two error paths:
1. When set_memory_decrypted() fails, pages may be left fully or partially
decrypted.
2. Decrypted pages may be freed if swiotlb_alloc_tlb() determines that the
physical address is too high.
To fix the first issue, call set_memory_encrypted() on the allocated region
after a failed decryption attempt. If that also fails, leak the pages.
To fix the second issue, check that the TLB physical address is below the
requested limit before decrypting.
Let the caller differentiate between unsuitable physical address (=> retry
from a lower zone) and allocation failures (=> no point in retrying).
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 79636caad361 ("swiotlb: if swiotlb is full, fall back to a transient memory pool")
Signed-off-by: Petr Tesarik <petr.tesarik1@huawei-partners.com>
Reviewed-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
"As usual, lots of singleton and doubleton patches all over the tree
and there's little I can say which isn't in the individual changelogs.
The lengthier patch series are
- 'kdump: use generic functions to simplify crashkernel reservation
in arch', from Baoquan He. This is mainly cleanups and
consolidation of the 'crashkernel=' kernel parameter handling
- After much discussion, David Laight's 'minmax: Relax type checks in
min() and max()' is here. Hopefully reduces some typecasting and
the use of min_t() and max_t()
- A group of patches from Oleg Nesterov which clean up and slightly
fix our handling of reads from /proc/PID/task/... and which remove
task_struct.thread_group"
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2023-11-02-14-08' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (64 commits)
scripts/gdb/vmalloc: disable on no-MMU
scripts/gdb: fix usage of MOD_TEXT not defined when CONFIG_MODULES=n
.mailmap: add address mapping for Tomeu Vizoso
mailmap: update email address for Claudiu Beznea
tools/testing/selftests/mm/run_vmtests.sh: lower the ptrace permissions
.mailmap: map Benjamin Poirier's address
scripts/gdb: add lx_current support for riscv
ocfs2: fix a spelling typo in comment
proc: test ProtectionKey in proc-empty-vm test
proc: fix proc-empty-vm test with vsyscall
fs/proc/base.c: remove unneeded semicolon
do_io_accounting: use sig->stats_lock
do_io_accounting: use __for_each_thread()
ocfs2: replace BUG_ON() at ocfs2_num_free_extents() with ocfs2_error()
ocfs2: fix a typo in a comment
scripts/show_delta: add __main__ judgement before main code
treewide: mark stuff as __ro_after_init
fs: ocfs2: check status values
proc: test /proc/${pid}/statm
compiler.h: move __is_constexpr() to compiler.h
...
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vmap_area does not exist on no-MMU, therefore the GDB scripts fail to
load:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<...>/vmlinux-gdb.py", line 51, in <module>
import linux.vmalloc
File "<...>/scripts/gdb/linux/vmalloc.py", line 14, in <module>
vmap_area_ptr_type = vmap_area_type.get_type().pointer()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "<...>/scripts/gdb/linux/utils.py", line 28, in get_type
self._type = gdb.lookup_type(self._name)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
gdb.error: No struct type named vmap_area.
To fix this, disable the command and add an informative error message if
CONFIG_MMU is not defined, following the example of lx-slabinfo.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231031202235.2655333-2-ben.wolsieffer@hefring.com
Fixes: 852622bf3616 ("scripts/gdb/vmalloc: add vmallocinfo support")
Signed-off-by: Ben Wolsieffer <ben.wolsieffer@hefring.com>
Cc: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Cc: Kieran Bingham <kbingham@kernel.org>
Cc: Kuan-Ying Lee <Kuan-Ying.Lee@mediatek.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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MOD_TEXT is only defined if CONFIG_MODULES=y which lead to loading failure
of the gdb scripts when kernel is built without CONFIG_MODULES=y:
Reading symbols from vmlinux...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/foo/vmlinux-gdb.py", line 25, in <module>
import linux.constants
File "/foo/scripts/gdb/linux/constants.py", line 14, in <module>
LX_MOD_TEXT = gdb.parse_and_eval("MOD_TEXT")
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
gdb.error: No symbol "MOD_TEXT" in current context.
Add a conditional check on CONFIG_MODULES to fix this error.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231031134848.119391-1-da.gomez@samsung.com
Fixes: b4aff7513df3 ("scripts/gdb: use mem instead of core_layout to get the module address")
Signed-off-by: Clément Léger <cleger@rivosinc.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Cc: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Cc: Kieran Bingham <kbingham@kernel.org>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Pankaj Raghav <p.raghav@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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He's no longer working in Collabora (and his email address there bounces).
Map it to his personal address.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231031014009.22765-2-bagasdotme@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu@tomeuvizoso.net>
Cc: Bjorn Andersson <quic_bjorande@quicinc.com>
Cc: Heiko Stuebner <heiko@sntech.de>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Konrad Dybcio <konrad.dybcio@linaro.org>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Claudiu Beznea's Microchip email address is no longer valid.
Map it to a valid one.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231030063632.1707372-1-claudiu.beznea@tuxon.dev
Signed-off-by: Claudiu Beznea <claudiu.beznea@tuxon.dev>
Cc: Bjorn Andersson <quic_bjorande@quicinc.com>
Cc: Heiko Stuebner <heiko@sntech.de>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Konrad Dybcio <konrad.dybcio@linaro.org>
Cc: Oleksij Rempel <o.rempel@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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On Ubuntu and probably other distros, ptrace permissions are tightend a
bit by default; i.e., /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_score is set to 1.
This cases memfd_secret's ptrace attach test fails with a permission
error. Set it to 0 piror to running the program.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231030-selftest-v1-1-743df68bb996@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Itaru Kitayama <itaru.kitayama@linux.dev>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Map out to his gmail address as he had left SUSE some time ago.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231030142454.22127-2-bagasdotme@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Benjamin Poirier <benjamin.poirier@gmail.com>
Cc: Bjorn Andersson <quic_bjorande@quicinc.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Heiko Stuebner <heiko@sntech.de>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Konrad Dybcio <konrad.dybcio@linaro.org>
Cc: Oleksij Rempel <o.rempel@pengutronix.de>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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csr_sscratch CSR holds current task_struct address when hart is in user
space. Trap handler on entry spills csr_sscratch into "tp" (x2) register
and zeroes out csr_sscratch CSR. Trap handler on exit reloads "tp" with
expected user mode value and place current task_struct address again in
csr_sscratch CSR.
This patch assumes "tp" is pointing to task_struct. If value in
csr_sscratch is numerically greater than "tp" then it assumes csr_sscratch
is correct address of current task_struct. This logic holds when
- hart is in user space, "tp" will be less than csr_sscratch.
- hart is in kernel space but not in trap handler, "tp" will be more
than csr_sscratch (csr_sscratch being equal to 0).
- hart is executing trap handler
- "tp" is still pointing to user mode but csr_sscratch contains
ptr to task_struct. Thus numerically higher.
- "tp" is pointing to task_struct but csr_sscratch now contains
either 0 or numerically smaller value (transiently holds
user mode tp)
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231026233837.612405-1-debug@rivosinc.com
Signed-off-by: Deepak Gupta <debug@rivosinc.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Reviewed-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Acked-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Tested-by: Hsieh-Tseng Shen <woodrow.shen@sifive.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Glenn Washburn <development@efficientek.com>
Cc: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Cc: Jeff Xie <xiehuan09@gmail.com>
Cc: Kieran Bingham <kbingham@kernel.org>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Fix a spelling typo in comment.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231025072906.14285-1-chentao@kylinos.cn
Signed-off-by: Kunwu Chan <chentao@kylinos.cn>
Acked-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Check ProtectionKey field in /proc/*/smaps output, if system supports
protection keys feature.
[adobriyan@gmail.com: test support in the beginning of the program, use syscall, not glibc pkey_alloc(3) which may not compile]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ac05efa7-d2a0-48ad-b704-ffdd5450582e@p183
Signed-off-by: Swarup Laxman Kotiaklapudi <swarupkotikalapudi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Swarup Laxman Kotikalapudi<swarupkotikalapudi@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Swarup Laxman Kotikalapudi<swarupkotikalapudi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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* fix embarassing /proc/*/smaps test bug due to a typo in variable name
it tested only the first line of the output if vsyscall is enabled:
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp ...
so test passed but tested only VMA location and permissions.
* add "KSM" entry, unnoticed because (1)
* swap "r-xp" and "--xp" vsyscall test strings,
also unnoticed because (1)
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/76f42cce-b1ab-45ec-b6b2-4c64f0dccb90@p183
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Swarup Laxman Kotikalapudi<swarupkotikalapudi@mail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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./fs/proc/base.c:3829:2-3: Unneeded semicolon
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231026005634.6581-1-yang.lee@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Yang Li <yang.lee@linux.alibaba.com>
Reported-by: Abaci Robot <abaci@linux.alibaba.com>
Closes: https://bugzilla.openanolis.cn/show_bug.cgi?id=7057
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Rather than lock_task_sighand(), sig->stats_lock was specifically designed
for this type of use.
This way the "if (whole)" branch runs lockless in the likely case.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231023153405.GA4639@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Rather than while_each_thread() which should be avoided when possible.
This makes the code more clear and allows the next change.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231023153343.GA4629@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The BUG_ON() at ocfs2_num_free_extents() handles the error that
l_tree_deepth of leaf extent block just read form disk is invalid. This
error is mostly caused by file system metadata corruption on the disk.
There is no need to call BUG_ON() to handle such errors. We can return
error code, since the caller can deal with errors from
ocfs2_num_free_extents(). Also, we should make the file system read-only
to avoid the damage from expanding.
Therefore, BUG_ON() is removed and ocfs2_error() is called instead.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231018191811.412458-1-jindui71@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jia Rui <jindui71@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Changwei Ge <gechangwei@live.cn>
Cc: Gang He <ghe@suse.com>
Cc: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Fix spelling typo in comment.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231011163216.29446-1-yuanhengzhang1214@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yuanheng Zhang <yuanhengzhang1214@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Changwei Ge <gechangwei@live.cn>
Cc: Gang He <ghe@suse.com>
Cc: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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When doing Python programming it is a nice convention to insert the if
statement `if __name__ == "__main__":` before any main code that does
actual functionalities to ensure the code will be executed only as a
script rather than as an imported module. Hence attach the missing
judgement to show_delta.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231013132832.165768-1-2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Hu Haowen <2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Cc: Nicolas Schier <n.schier@avm.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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__read_mostly predates __ro_after_init. Many variables which are marked
__read_mostly should have been __ro_after_init from day 1.
Also, mark some stuff as "const" and "__init" while I'm at it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: revert sysctl_nr_open_min, sysctl_nr_open_max changes due to arm warning]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style cleanups]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/4f6bb9c0-abba-4ee4-a7aa-89265e886817@p183
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Test return values before overwriting.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231009141111.149858-1-artem.chernyshev@red-soft.ru
Signed-off-by: Artem Chernyshev <artem.chernyshev@red-soft.ru>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Changwei Ge <gechangwei@live.cn>
Cc: Gang He <ghe@suse.com>
Cc: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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My original comment lied, output can be "0 A A B 0 0 0\n"
(see comment in the code).
I don't quite understand why
get_mm_counter(mm, MM_FILEPAGES) + get_mm_counter(mm, MM_SHMEMPAGES)
can stay positive but get_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES) is always 0 after
everything is unmapped but that's just me.
[adobriyan@gmail.com: more or less rewritten]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/0721ca69-7bb4-40aa-8d01-0c5f91e5f363@p183
Signed-off-by: Swarup Laxman Kotiaklapudi <swarupkotikalapudi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Prior to f747e6667ebb2 __is_constexpr() was in its only user minmax.h.
That commit moved it to const.h - but that file just defines ULL(x) and
UL(x) so that constants can be defined for .S and .c files.
So apart from the word 'const' it wasn't really a good location. Instead
move the definition to compiler.h just before the similar
is_signed_type() and is_unsigned_type().
This may not be a good long-term home, but the three definitions belong
together.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/2a6680bbe2e84459816a113730426782@AcuMS.aculab.com
Signed-off-by: David Laight <david.laight@aculab.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Prepare for the coming implementation by GCC and Clang of the __counted_by
attribute. Flexible array members annotated with __counted_by can have
their accesses bounds-checked at run-time checking via CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS
(for array indexing) and CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE (for strcpy/memcpy-family
functions).
As found with Coccinelle[1], add __counted_by for struct gcov_iterator.
[1] https://github.com/kees/kernel-tools/blob/trunk/coccinelle/examples/counted_by.cocci
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230922175220.work.327-kees@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Oberparleiter <oberpar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Tom Rix <trix@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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There were some recent attempts [1] [2] to make the K: field less noisy
and its behavior more obvious. Ultimately, a shift in the default
behavior and an associated command line flag is the best choice.
Currently, K: will match keywords found in both patches and files.
Matching content from entire files is (while documented) not obvious
behavior and is usually not wanted by maintainers.
Now only patch content will be matched against unless --keywords-in-file
is also provided as an argument to get_maintainer.
Add the actual keyword matched to the role or rolestats as well.
For instance given the diff below that removes clang:
: diff --git a/drivers/hid/bpf/entrypoints/README b/drivers/hid/bpf/entrypoints/README
: index 147e0d41509f..f88eb19e8ef2 100644
: --- a/drivers/hid/bpf/entrypoints/README
: +++ b/drivers/hid/bpf/entrypoints/README
: @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
: WARNING:
: If you change "entrypoints.bpf.c" do "make -j" in this directory to rebuild "entrypoints.skel.h".
: -Make sure to have clang 10 installed.
: +Make sure to have 10 installed.
: See Documentation/bpf/bpf_devel_QA.rst
The new role/rolestats output includes ":Keyword:\b(?i:clang|llvm)\b"
$ git diff drivers/hid/bpf/entrypoints/README | .scripts/get_maintainer.pl
Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> (maintainer:HID CORE LAYER,commit_signer:1/1=100%)
Benjamin Tissoires <benjamin.tissoires@redhat.com> (maintainer:HID CORE LAYER,commit_signer:1/1=100%,authored:1/1=100%,added_lines:4/4=100%)
Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> (supporter:CLANG/LLVM BUILD SUPPORT:Keyword:\b(?i:clang|llvm)\b)
Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> (supporter:CLANG/LLVM BUILD SUPPORT:Keyword:\b(?i:clang|llvm)\b)
Tom Rix <trix@redhat.com> (reviewer:CLANG/LLVM BUILD SUPPORT:Keyword:\b(?i:clang|llvm)\b)
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> (commit_signer:1/1=100%)
linux-input@vger.kernel.org (open list:HID CORE LAYER)
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org (open list)
llvm@lists.linux.dev (open list:CLANG/LLVM BUILD SUPPORT:Keyword:\b(?i:clang|llvm)\b)
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231004-get_maintainer_change_k-v1-1-ac7ced18306a@google.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230928-get_maintainer_add_d-v2-0-8acb3f394571@google.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/3dca40b677dd2fef979a5a581a2db91df2c21801.camel@perches.com
Original-patch-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/01fe46f0c58aa8baf92156ae2bdccfb2bf0cb48e.camel@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Tested-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Use while loop instead of infinite loop with "break;".
Also move some variable to the inner scope where they belong.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/82c8f8e7-8ded-46ca-8857-e60b991d6205@p183
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Save LOC by using dark magic of initialisation instead of memset().
Those buffer aren't passed to userspace directly so padding is not
an issue.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/3821d3a2-6e10-4629-b0d5-9519d828ab72@p183
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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signed constants
Allow (for example) min(unsigned_var, 20).
The opposite min(signed_var, 20u) is still errored.
Since a comparison between signed and unsigned never makes the unsigned
value negative it is only necessary to adjust the __types_ok() test.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/633b64e2f39e46bb8234809c5595b8c7@AcuMS.aculab.com
Signed-off-by: David Laight <david.laight@aculab.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Since 'unsigned char/short' get promoted to 'signed int' it is safe to
compare them against an 'int' value.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/8732ef5f809c47c28a7be47c938b28d4@AcuMS.aculab.com
Signed-off-by: David Laight <david.laight@aculab.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove the extra indentation and align continuation markers.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/bed41317a05c498ea0209eafbcab45a5@AcuMS.aculab.com
Signed-off-by: David Laight <david.laight@aculab.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The type-check in min()/max() is there to stop unexpected results if a
negative value gets converted to a large unsigned value. However it also
rejects 'unsigned int' v 'unsigned long' compares which are common and
never problematc.
Replace the 'same type' check with a 'same signedness' check.
The new test isn't itself a compile time error, so use static_assert() to
report the error and give a meaningful error message.
Due to the way builtin_choose_expr() works detecting the error in the
'non-constant' side (where static_assert() can be used) also detects
errors when the arguments are constant.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/fe7e6c542e094bfca655abcd323c1c98@AcuMS.aculab.com
Signed-off-by: David Laight <david.laight@aculab.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "minmax: Relax type checks in min() and max()", v4.
The min() (etc) functions in minmax.h require that the arguments have
exactly the same types.
However when the type check fails, rather than look at the types and fix
the type of a variable/constant, everyone seems to jump on min_t(). In
reality min_t() ought to be rare - when something unusual is being done,
not normality.
The orginal min() (added in 2.4.9) replaced several inline functions and
included the type - so matched the implicit casting of the function call.
This was renamed min_t() in 2.4.10 and the current min() added. There is
no actual indication that the conversion of negatve values to large
unsigned values has ever been an actual problem.
A quick grep shows 5734 min() and 4597 min_t(). Having the casts on
almost half of the calls shows that something is clearly wrong.
If the wrong type is picked (and it is far too easy to pick the type of
the result instead of the larger input) then significant bits can get
discarded.
Pretty much the worst example is in the derived clamp_val(), consider:
unsigned char x = 200u;
y = clamp_val(x, 10u, 300u);
I also suspect that many of the min_t(u16, ...) are actually wrong. For
example copy_data() in printk_ringbuffer.c contains:
data_size = min_t(u16, buf_size, len);
Here buf_size is 'unsigned int' and len 'u16', pass a 64k buffer (can you
prove that doesn't happen?) and no data is returned. Apparantly it did -
and has since been fixed.
The only reason that most of the min_t() are 'fine' is that pretty much
all the values in the kernel are between 0 and INT_MAX.
Patch 1 adds umin(), this uses integer promotions to convert both
arguments to 'unsigned long long'. It can be used to compare a signed
type that is known to contain a non-negative value with an unsigned type.
The compiler typically optimises it all away. Added first so that it can
be referred to in patch 2.
Patch 2 replaces the 'same type' check with a 'same signedness' one. This
makes min(unsigned_int_var, sizeof()) be ok. The error message is also
improved and will contain the expanded form of both arguments (useful for
seeing how constants are defined).
Patch 3 just fixes some whitespace.
Patch 4 allows comparisons of 'unsigned char' and 'unsigned short' to
signed types. The integer promotion rules convert them both to 'signed
int' prior to the comparison so they can never cause a negative value be
converted to a large positive one.
Patch 5 (rewritted for v4) allows comparisons of unsigned values against
non-negative constant integer expressions. This makes
min(unsigned_int_var, 4) be ok.
The only common case that is still errored is the comparison of signed
values against unsigned constant integer expressions below __INT_MAX__.
Typcally min(int_val, sizeof (foo)), the real fix for this is casting the
constant: min(int_var, (int)sizeof (foo)).
With all the patches applied pretty much all the min_t() could be replaced
by min(), and most of the rest by umin(). However they all need careful
inspection due to code like:
sz = min_t(unsigned char, sz - 1, LIM - 1) + 1;
which converts 0 to LIM.
This patch (of 6):
umin() and umax() can be used when min()/max() errors a signed v unsigned
compare when the signed value is known to be non-negative.
Unlike min_t(some_unsigned_type, a, b) umin() will never mask off high
bits if an inappropriate type is selected.
The '+ 0u + 0ul + 0ull' may look strange.
The '+ 0u' is needed for 'signed int' on 64bit systems.
The '+ 0ul' is needed for 'signed long' on 32bit systems.
The '+ 0ull' is needed for 'signed long long'.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/b97faef60ad24922b530241c5d7c933c@AcuMS.aculab.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/41d93ca827a248698ec64bf57e0c05a5@AcuMS.aculab.com
Signed-off-by: David Laight <david.laight@aculab.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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ucounts is assigned first, so it does not need to initialize the
assignment.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230926022410.4280-1-kunyu@nfschina.com
Signed-off-by: Li kunyu <kunyu@nfschina.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Prepare for the coming implementation by GCC and Clang of the __counted_by
attribute. Flexible array members annotated with __counted_by can have
their accesses bounds-checked at run-time checking via CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS
(for array indexing) and CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE (for strcpy/memcpy-family
functions).
As found with Coccinelle[1], add __counted_by for struct ocfs2_replay_map.
[1] https://github.com/kees/kernel-tools/blob/trunk/coccinelle/examples/counted_by.cocci
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230922174925.work.293-kees@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Tom Rix <trix@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The conversion from strtobool() to kstrtobool() is completed. So
strtobool() can now be removed.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/87e3cc2547df174cd5af1fadbf866be4ef9e8e45.1694878151.git.christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr
Signed-off-by: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Extract nifty FILE_LINE useful for printk style debugging:
printk("%s\n", FILE_LINE);
It should not be used en mass probably because __FILE__ string literals
can be merged while FILE_LINE's won't. But for debugging it is what
the doctor ordered.
Don't add leading and trailing underscores, they're painful to type.
Trust me, I've tried both versions.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ebf12ac4-5a61-4b12-b8b0-1253eb371332@p183
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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So far, nobody calls functions parse_crashkernel_high() and
parse_crashkernel_low(), remove both of them.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-10-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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With the help of newly changed function parse_crashkernel() and generic
reserve_crashkernel_generic(), crashkernel reservation can be simplified
by steps:
1) Add a new header file <asm/crash_core.h>, and define CRASH_ALIGN,
CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX, CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX and
DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE in <asm/crash_core.h>;
2) Add arch_reserve_crashkernel() to call parse_crashkernel() and
reserve_crashkernel_generic();
3) Add ARCH_HAS_GENERIC_CRASHKERNEL_RESERVATION Kconfig in
arch/riscv/Kconfig.
The old reserve_crashkernel_low() and reserve_crashkernel() can be
removed.
[chenjiahao16@huawei.com: fix crashkernel reserving problem on RISC-V]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230925024333.730964-1-chenjiahao16@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-9-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Cc: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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With the help of newly changed function parse_crashkernel() and generic
reserve_crashkernel_generic(), crashkernel reservation can be simplified
by steps:
1) Add a new header file <asm/crash_core.h>, and define CRASH_ALIGN,
CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX, CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX and
DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE in <asm/crash_core.h>;
2) Add arch_reserve_crashkernel() to call parse_crashkernel() and
reserve_crashkernel_generic();
3) Add ARCH_HAS_GENERIC_CRASHKERNEL_RESERVATION Kconfig in
arch/arm64/Kconfig.
The old reserve_crashkernel_low() and reserve_crashkernel() can be
removed.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-8-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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With the help of newly changed function parse_crashkernel() and generic
reserve_crashkernel_generic(), crashkernel reservation can be simplified
by steps:
1) Add a new header file <asm/crash_core.h>, and define CRASH_ALIGN,
CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX, CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX and
DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE in <asm/crash_core.h>;
2) Add arch_reserve_crashkernel() to call parse_crashkernel() and
reserve_crashkernel_generic(), and do the ARCH specific work if
needed.
3) Add ARCH_HAS_GENERIC_CRASHKERNEL_RESERVATION Kconfig in
arch/x86/Kconfig.
When adding DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE, add crash_low_size_default() to
calculate crashkernel low memory because x86_64 has special requirement.
The old reserve_crashkernel_low() and reserve_crashkernel() can be
removed.
[bhe@redhat.com: move crash_low_size_default() code into <asm/crash_core.h>]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ZQpeAjOmuMJBFw1/@MiWiFi-R3L-srv
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-7-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Cc: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Both crashk_res and crashk_low_res are used to mark the reserved
crashkernel regions in iomem_resource tree. And later the generic
crashkernel resrvation will be added into crash_core.c. So move
crashk_res and crashk_low_res definition into crash_core.c to avoid
compiling error if CONFIG_CRASH_CORE=on while CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE is unset.
Meanwhile include <asm/crash_core.h> in <linux/crash_core.h> if generic
reservation is needed. In that case, <asm/crash_core.h> need be added by
ARCH. In asm/crash_core.h, ARCH can provide its own macro definitions to
override macros in <linux/crash_core.h> if needed. Wrap the including
into CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_GENERIC_CRASHKERNEL_RESERVATION ifdeffery scope to
avoid compiling error in other ARCH-es which don't take the generic
reservation way yet.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-6-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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In architecture like x86_64, arm64 and riscv, they have vast virtual
address space and usually have huge physical memory RAM. Their
crashkernel reservation doesn't have to be limited under 4G RAM, but can
be extended to the whole physical memory via crashkernel=,high support.
Now add function reserve_crashkernel_generic() to reserve crashkernel
memory if users specify any case of kernel pamameters, like
crashkernel=xM[@offset] or crashkernel=,high|low.
This is preparation to simplify code of crashkernel=,high support in
architecutures.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-5-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Now parse_crashkernel() is a real entry point for all kinds of crahskernel
parsing on any architecture.
And wrap the crahskernel=,high|low handling inside
CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_GENERIC_CRASHKERNEL_RESERVATION ifdeffery scope.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-4-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Add two parameters 'low_size' and 'high' to function parse_crashkernel(),
later crashkernel=,high|low parsing will be added. Make adjustments in
all call sites of parse_crashkernel() in arch.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-3-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "kdump: use generic functions to simplify crashkernel
reservation in arch", v3.
In the current arm64, crashkernel=,high support has been finished after
several rounds of posting and careful reviewing. The code in arm64 which
parses crashkernel kernel parameters firstly, then reserve memory can be a
good example for other ARCH to refer to.
Whereas in x86_64, the code mixing crashkernel parameter parsing and
memory reserving is twisted, and looks messy. Refactoring the code to
make it more readable maintainable is necessary.
Here, firstly abstract the crashkernel parameter parsing code into
parse_crashkernel() to make it be able to parse crashkernel=,high|low.
Then abstract the crashkernel memory reserving code into a generic
function reserve_crashkernel_generic(). Finally, in ARCH which
crashkernel=,high support is needed, a simple arch_reserve_crashkernel()
can be added to call above two functions. This can remove the duplicated
implmentation code in each ARCH, like arm64, x86_64 and riscv.
crashkernel=512M,high
crashkernel=512M,high crashkernel=256M,low
crashkernel=512M,high crashkernel=0M,low
crashkernel=0M,high crashkernel=256M,low
crashkernel=512M
crashkernel=512M@0x4f000000
crashkernel=1G-4G:256M,4G-64G:320M,64G-:576M
crashkernel=0M
This patch (of 9):
In all call sites of __parse_crashkernel(), the parameter 'name' is
hardcoded as "crashkernel=". So remove the unnecessary parameter 'name',
add local varibale 'name' inside __parse_crashkernel() instead.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-1-bhe@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230914033142.676708-2-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Jiahao <chenjiahao16@huawei.com>
Cc: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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strlcpy() reads the entire source buffer first. This read may exceed the
destination size limit. This is both inefficient and can lead to linear
read overflows if a source string is not NUL-terminated [1]. In an effort
to remove strlcpy() completely [2], replace strlcpy() here with
sysfs_emit().
Direct replacement is safe here since its ok for `kernel_param_ops.get()`
to return -errno [3].
[1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/deprecated.html#strlcpy
[2] https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/89
[3] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.5/source/include/linux/moduleparam.h#L52
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230831193827.1528867-1-azeemshaikh38@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Azeem Shaikh <azeemshaikh38@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Changwei Ge <gechangwei@live.cn>
Cc: Gang He <ghe@suse.com>
Cc: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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BUILD_BUG_ON*() macros are defined in build_bug.h. Include it. Replace
compiler_types.h by compiler.h, which provides the former, to have a
definition of the __UNIQUE_ID().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230912092355.79280-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Herve Codina <herve.codina@bootlin.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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commit 95846ecf9dac("pid: replace pid bitmap implementation with IDR API")
removes 'last_pid' element, and use the idr_get_cursor-idr_set_cursor pair
to set the value of idr, so useless comments should be removed.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/tencent_157A2A1CAF19A3F5885F0687426159A19708@qq.com
Signed-off-by: Rong Tao <rongtao@cestc.cn>
Cc: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Jeff Xu <jeffxu@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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It appears that compiler_types.h already have an implementation of the
__unconst_integer_typeof() called __unqual_scalar_typeof(). Use it
instead of the copy.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230911154913.4176033-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Herve Codina <herve.codina@bootlin.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Add a kthread_stop_put() helper that stops a thread and puts its task
struct. Use it to replace the various instances of kthread_stop()
followed by put_task_struct().
Remove the kthread_stop_put() macro in usbip that is similar but doesn't
return the result of kthread_stop().
[agruenba@redhat.com: fix kerneldoc comment]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230911111730.2565537-1-agruenba@redhat.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: document kthread_stop_put()'s argument]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230907234048.2499820-1-agruenba@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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