/* * linux/fs/fat/inode.c * * Written 1992,1993 by Werner Almesberger * VFAT extensions by Gordon Chaffee, merged with msdos fs by Henrik Storner * Rewritten for the constant inumbers support by Al Viro * * Fixes: * * Max Cohan: Fixed invalid FSINFO offset when info_sector is 0 */ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/time.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/smp_lock.h> #include <linux/seq_file.h> #include <linux/pagemap.h> #include <linux/mpage.h> #include <linux/buffer_head.h> #include <linux/exportfs.h> #include <linux/mount.h> #include <linux/vfs.h> #include <linux/parser.h> #include <linux/uio.h> #include <linux/writeback.h> #include <linux/log2.h> #include <linux/hash.h> #include <asm/unaligned.h> #include "fat.h" #ifndef CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET /* if user don't select VFAT, this is undefined. */ #define CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET "" #endif static int fat_default_codepage = CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE; static char fat_default_iocharset[] = CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET; static int fat_add_cluster(struct inode *inode) { int err, cluster; err = fat_alloc_clusters(inode, &cluster, 1); if (err) return err; /* FIXME: this cluster should be added after data of this * cluster is writed */ err = fat_chain_add(inode, cluster, 1); if (err) fat_free_clusters(inode, cluster); return err; } static inline int __fat_get_block(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock, unsigned long *max_blocks, struct buffer_head *bh_result, int create) { struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb); unsigned long mapped_blocks; sector_t phys; int err, offset; err = fat_bmap(inode, iblock, &phys, &mapped_blocks, create); if (err) return err; if (phys) { map_bh(bh_result, sb, phys); *max_blocks = min(mapped_blocks, *max_blocks); return 0; } if (!create) return 0; if (iblock != MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private >> sb->s_blocksize_bits) { fat_fs_error(sb, "corrupted file size (i_pos %lld, %lld)", MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos, MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private); return -EIO; } offset = (unsigned long)iblock & (sbi->sec_per_clus - 1); if (!offset) { /* TODO: multiple cluster allocation would be desirable. */ err = fat_add_cluster(inode); if (err) return err; } /* available blocks on this cluster */ mapped_blocks = sbi->sec_per_clus - offset; *max_blocks = min(mapped_blocks, *max_blocks); MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private += *max_blocks << sb->s_blocksize_bits; err = fat_bmap(inode, iblock, &phys, &mapped_blocks, create); if (err) return err; BUG_ON(!phys); BUG_ON(*max_blocks != mapped_blocks); set_buffer_new(bh_result); map_bh(bh_result, sb, phys); return 0; } static int fat_get_block(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock, struct buffer_head *bh_result, int create) { struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; unsigned long max_blocks = bh_result->b_size >> inode->i_blkbits; int err; err = __fat_get_block(inode, iblock, &max_blocks, bh_result, create); if (err) return err; bh_result->b_size = max_blocks << sb->s_blocksize_bits; return 0; } static int fat_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc) { return block_write_full_page(page, fat_get_block, wbc); } static int fat_writepages(struct address_space *mapping, struct writeback_control *wbc) { return mpage_writepages(mapping, wbc, fat_get_block); } static int fat_readpage(struct file *file, struct page *page) { return mpage_readpage(page, fat_get_block); } static int fat_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping, struct list_head *pages, unsigned nr_pages) { return mpage_readpages(mapping, pages, nr_pages, fat_get_block); } static void fat_write_failed(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t to) { struct inode *inode = mapping->host; if (to > inode->i_size) { truncate_pagecache(inode, to, inode->i_size); fat_truncate_blocks(inode, inode->i_size); } } static int fat_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping, loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags, struct page **pagep, void **fsdata) { int err; *pagep = NULL; err = cont_write_begin_newtrunc(file, mapping, pos, len, flags, pagep, fsdata, fat_get_block, &MSDOS_I(mapping->host)->mmu_private); if (err < 0) fat_write_failed(mapping, pos + len); return err; } static int fat_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping, loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied, struct page *pagep, void *fsdata) { struct inode *inode = mapping->host; int err; err = generic_write_end(file, mapping, pos, len, copied, pagep, fsdata); if (err < len) fat_write_failed(mapping, pos + len); if (!(err < 0) && !(MSDOS_I(inode)->i_attrs & ATTR_ARCH)) { inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC; MSDOS_I(inode)->i_attrs |= ATTR_ARCH; mark_inode_dirty(inode); } return err; } static ssize_t fat_direct_IO(int rw, struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov, loff_t offset, unsigned long nr_segs) { struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp; struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping; struct inode *inode = mapping->host; ssize_t ret; if (rw == WRITE) { /* * FIXME: blockdev_direct_IO() doesn't use ->write_begin(), * so we need to update the ->mmu_private to block boundary. * * But we must fill the remaining area or hole by nul for * updating ->mmu_private. * * Return 0, and fallback to normal buffered write. */ loff_t size = offset + iov_length(iov, nr_segs); if (MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private < size) return 0; } /* * FAT need to use the DIO_LOCKING for avoiding the race * condition of fat_get_block() and ->truncate(). */ ret = blockdev_direct_IO_newtrunc(rw, iocb, inode, inode->i_sb->s_bdev, iov, offset, nr_segs, fat_get_block, NULL); if (ret < 0 && (rw & WRITE)) fat_write_failed(mapping, offset + iov_length(iov, nr_segs)); return ret; } static sector_t _fat_bmap(struct address_space *mapping, sector_t block) { sector_t blocknr; /* fat_get_cluster() assumes the requested blocknr isn't truncated. */ down_read(&mapping->host->i_alloc_sem); blocknr = generic_block_bmap(mapping, block, fat_get_block); up_read(&mapping->host->i_alloc_sem); return blocknr; } static const struct address_space_operations fat_aops = { .readpage = fat_readpage, .readpages = fat_readpages, .writepage = fat_writepage, .writepages = fat_writepages, .sync_page = block_sync_page, .write_begin = fat_write_begin, .write_end = fat_write_end, .direct_IO = fat_direct_IO, .bmap = _fat_bmap }; /* * New FAT inode stuff. We do the following: * a) i_ino is constant and has nothing with on-disk location. * b) FAT manages its own cache of directory entries. * c) *This* cache is indexed by on-disk location. * d) inode has an associated directory entry, all right, but * it may be unhashed. * e) currently entries are stored within struct inode. That should * change. * f) we deal with races in the following way: * 1. readdir() and lookup() do FAT-dir-cache lookup. * 2. rename() unhashes the F-d-c entry and rehashes it in * a new place. * 3. unlink() and rmdir() unhash F-d-c entry. * 4. fat_write_inode() checks whether the thing is unhashed. * If it is we silently return. If it isn't we do bread(), * check if the location is still valid and retry if it * isn't. Otherwise we do changes. * 5. Spinlock is used to protect hash/unhash/location check/lookup * 6. fat_clear_inode() unhashes the F-d-c entry. * 7. lookup() and readdir() do igrab() if they find a F-d-c entry * and consider negative result as cache miss. */ static void fat_hash_init(struct super_block *sb) { struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb); int i; spin_lock_init(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); for (i = 0; i < FAT_HASH_SIZE; i++) INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&sbi->inode_hashtable[i]); } static inline unsigned long fat_hash(loff_t i_pos) { return hash_32(i_pos, FAT_HASH_BITS); } void fat_attach(struct inode *inode, loff_t i_pos) { struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(inode->i_sb); struct hlist_head *head = sbi->inode_hashtable + fat_hash(i_pos); spin_lock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos = i_pos; hlist_add_head(&MSDOS_I(inode)->i_fat_hash, head); spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fat_attach); void fat_detach(struct inode *inode) { struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(inode->i_sb); spin_lock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos = 0; hlist_del_init(&MSDOS_I(inode)->i_fat_hash); spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fat_detach); struct inode *fat_iget(struct super_block *sb, loff_t i_pos) { struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb); struct hlist_head *head = sbi->inode_hashtable + fat_hash(i_pos); struct hlist_node *_p; struct msdos_inode_info *i; struct inode *inode = NULL; spin_lock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); hlist_for_each_entry(i, _p, head, i_fat_hash) { BUG_ON(i->vfs_inode.i_sb != sb); if (i->i_pos != i_pos) continue; inode = igrab(&i->vfs_inode); if (inode) break; } spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); return inode; } static int is_exec(unsigned char *extension) { unsigned char *exe_extensions = "EXECOMBAT", *walk; for (walk = exe_extensions; *walk; walk += 3) if (!strncmp(extension, walk, 3)) return 1; return 0; } static int fat_calc_dir_size(struct inode *inode) { struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(inode->i_sb); int ret, fclus, dclus; inode->i_size = 0; if (MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start == 0) return 0; ret = fat_get_cluster(inode, FAT_ENT_EOF, &fclus, &dclus); if (ret < 0) return ret; inode->i_size = (fclus + 1) << sbi->cluster_bits; return 0; } /* doesn't deal with root inode */ static int fat_fill_inode(struct inode *inode, struct msdos_dir_entry *de) { struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(inode->i_sb); int error; MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos = 0; inode->i_uid = sbi->options.fs_uid; inode->i_gid = sbi->options.fs_gid; inode->i_version++; inode->i_generation = get_seconds(); if ((de->attr & ATTR_DIR) && !IS_FREE(de->name)) { inode->i_generation &= ~1; inode->i_mode = fat_make_mode(sbi, de->attr, S_IRWXUGO); inode->i_op = sbi->dir_ops; inode->i_fop = &fat_dir_operations; MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = le16_to_cpu(de->start); if (sbi->fat_bits == 32) MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start |= (le16_to_cpu(de->starthi) << 16); MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start; error = fat_calc_dir_size(inode); if (error < 0) return error; MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private = inode->i_size; inode->i_nlink = fat_subdirs(inode); } else { /* not a directory */ inode->i_generation |= 1; inode->i_mode = fat_make_mode(sbi, de->attr, ((sbi->options.showexec && !is_exec(de->name + 8)) ? S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO : S_IRWXUGO)); MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = le16_to_cpu(de->start); if (sbi->fat_bits == 32) MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start |= (le16_to_cpu(de->starthi) << 16); MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start; inode->i_size = le32_to_cpu(de->size); inode->i_op = &fat_file_inode_operations; inode->i_fop = &fat_file_operations; inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &fat_aops; MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private = inode->i_size; } if (de->attr & ATTR_SYS) { if (sbi->options.sys_immutable) inode->i_flags |= S_IMMUTABLE; } fat_save_attrs(inode, de->attr); inode->i_blocks = ((inode->i_size + (sbi->cluster_size - 1)) & ~((loff_t)sbi->cluster_size - 1)) >> 9; fat_time_fat2unix(sbi, &inode->i_mtime, de->time, de->date, 0); if (sbi->options.isvfat) { fat_time_fat2unix(sbi, &inode->i_ctime, de->ctime, de->cdate, de->ctime_cs); fat_time_fat2unix(sbi, &inode->i_atime, 0, de->adate, 0); } else inode->i_ctime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime; return 0; } struct inode *fat_build_inode(struct super_block *sb, struct msdos_dir_entry *de, loff_t i_pos) { struct inode *inode; int err; inode = fat_iget(sb, i_pos); if (inode) goto out; inode = new_inode(sb); if (!inode) { inode = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); goto out; } inode->i_ino = iunique(sb, MSDOS_ROOT_INO); inode->i_version = 1; err = fat_fill_inode(inode, de); if (err) { iput(inode); inode = ERR_PTR(err); goto out; } fat_attach(inode, i_pos); insert_inode_hash(inode); out: return inode; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fat_build_inode); static void fat_delete_inode(struct inode *inode) { truncate_inode_pages(&inode->i_data, 0); inode->i_size = 0; fat_truncate_blocks(inode, 0); clear_inode(inode); } static void fat_clear_inode(struct inode *inode) { fat_cache_inval_inode(inode); fat_detach(inode); } static void fat_write_super(struct super_block *sb) { lock_super(sb); sb->s_dirt = 0; if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)) fat_clusters_flush(sb); unlock_super(sb); } static int fat_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int wait) { int err = 0; if (sb->s_dirt) { lock_super(sb); sb->s_dirt = 0; err = fat_clusters_flush(sb); unlock_super(sb); } return err; } static void fat_put_super(struct super_block *sb) { struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb); lock_kernel(); if (sb->s_dirt) fat_write_super(sb); iput(sbi->fat_inode); unload_nls(sbi->nls_disk); unload_nls(sbi->nls_io); if (sbi->options.iocharset != fat_default_iocharset) kfree(sbi->options.iocharset); sb->s_fs_info = NULL; kfree(sbi); unlock_kernel(); } static struct kmem_cache *fat_inode_cachep; static struct inode *fat_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb) { struct msdos_inode_info *ei; ei = kmem_cache_alloc(fat_inode_cachep, GFP_NOFS); if (!ei) return NULL; return &ei->vfs_inode; } static void fat_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode) { kmem_cache_free(fat_inode_cachep, MSDOS_I(inode)); } static void init_once(void *foo) { struct msdos_inode_info *ei = (struct msdos_inode_info *)foo; spin_lock_init(&ei->cache_lru_lock); ei->nr_caches = 0; ei->cache_valid_id = FAT_CACHE_VALID + 1; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ei->cache_lru); INIT_HLIST_NODE(&ei->i_fat_hash); inode_init_once(&ei->vfs_inode); } static int __init fat_init_inodecache(void) { fat_inode_cachep = kmem_cache_create("fat_inode_cache", sizeof(struct msdos_inode_info), 0, (SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT| SLAB_MEM_SPREAD), init_once); if (fat_inode_cachep == NULL) return -ENOMEM; return 0; } static void __exit fat_destroy_inodecache(void) { kmem_cache_destroy(fat_inode_cachep); } static int fat_remount(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data) { struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb); *flags |= MS_NODIRATIME | (sbi->options.isvfat ? 0 : MS_NOATIME); return 0; } static int fat_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf) { struct super_block *sb = dentry->d_sb; struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb); u64 id = huge_encode_dev(sb->s_bdev->bd_dev); /* If the count of free cluster is still unknown, counts it here. */ if (sbi->free_clusters == -1 || !sbi->free_clus_valid) { int err = fat_count_free_clusters(dentry->d_sb); if (err) return err; } buf->f_type = dentry->d_sb->s_magic; buf->f_bsize = sbi->cluster_size; buf->f_blocks = sbi->max_cluster - FAT_START_ENT; buf->f_bfree = sbi->free_clusters; buf->f_bavail = sbi->free_clusters; buf->f_fsid.val[0] = (u32)id; buf->f_fsid.val[1] = (u32)(id >> 32); buf->f_namelen = sbi->options.isvfat ? FAT_LFN_LEN : 12; return 0; } static inline loff_t fat_i_pos_read(struct msdos_sb_info *sbi, struct inode *inode) { loff_t i_pos; #if BITS_PER_LONG == 32 spin_lock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); #endif i_pos = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos; #if BITS_PER_LONG == 32 spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); #endif return i_pos; } static int __fat_write_inode(struct inode *inode, int wait) { struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb); struct buffer_head *bh; struct msdos_dir_entry *raw_entry; loff_t i_pos; int err; if (inode->i_ino == MSDOS_ROOT_INO) return 0; retry: i_pos = fat_i_pos_read(sbi, inode); if (!i_pos) return 0; bh = sb_bread(sb, i_pos >> sbi->dir_per_block_bits); if (!bh) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: unable to read inode block " "for updating (i_pos %lld)\n", i_pos); return -EIO; } spin_lock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); if (i_pos != MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos) { spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); brelse(bh); goto retry; } raw_entry = &((struct msdos_dir_entry *) (bh->b_data)) [i_pos & (sbi->dir_per_block - 1)]; if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) raw_entry->size = 0; else raw_entry->size = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_size); raw_entry->attr = fat_make_attrs(inode); raw_entry->start = cpu_to_le16(MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart); raw_entry->starthi = cpu_to_le16(MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart >> 16); fat_time_unix2fat(sbi, &inode->i_mtime, &raw_entry->time, &raw_entry->date, NULL); if (sbi->options.isvfat) { __le16 atime; fat_time_unix2fat(sbi, &inode->i_ctime, &raw_entry->ctime, &raw_entry->cdate, &raw_entry->ctime_cs); fat_time_unix2fat(sbi, &inode->i_atime, &atime, &raw_entry->adate, NULL); } spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_hash_lock); mark_buffer_dirty(bh); err = 0; if (wait) err = sync_dirty_buffer(bh); brelse(bh); return err; } static int fat_write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc) { return __fat_write_inode(inode, wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL); } int fat_sync_inode(struct inode *inode) { return __fat_write_inode(inode, 1); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fat_sync_inode); static int fat_show_options(struct seq_file *m, struct vfsmount *mnt); static const struct super_operations fat_sops = { .alloc_inode = fat_alloc_inode, .destroy_inode = fat_destroy_inode, .write_inode = fat_write_inode, .delete_inode = fat_delete_inode, .put_super = fat_put_super, .write_super = fat_write_super, .sync_fs = fat_sync_fs, .statfs = fat_statfs, .clear_inode = fat_clear_inode, .remount_fs = fat_remount, .show_options = fat_show_options, }; /* * a FAT file handle with fhtype 3 is * 0/ i_ino - for fast, reliable lookup if still in the cache * 1/ i_generation - to see if i_ino is still valid * bit 0 == 0 iff directory * 2/ i_pos(8-39) - if ino has changed, but still in cache * 3/ i_pos(4-7)|i_logstart - to semi-verify inode found at i_pos * 4/ i_pos(0-3)|parent->i_logstart - maybe used to hunt for the file on disc * * Hack for NFSv2: Maximum FAT entry number is 28bits and maximum * i_pos is 40bits (blocknr(32) + dir offset(8)), so two 4bits * of i_logstart is used to store the directory entry offset. */ static struct dentry *fat_fh_to_dentry(struct super_block *sb, struct fid *fid, int fh_len, int fh_type) { struct inode *inode = NULL; struct dentry *result; u32 *fh = fid->raw; if (fh_len < 5 || fh_type != 3) return NULL; inode = ilookup(sb, fh[0]); if (!inode || inode->i_generation != fh[1]) { if (inode) iput(inode); inode = NULL; } if (!inode) { loff_t i_pos; int i_logstart = fh[3] & 0x0fffffff; i_pos = (loff_t)fh[2] << 8; i_pos |= ((fh[3] >> 24) & 0xf0) | (fh[4] >> 28); /* try 2 - see if i_pos is in F-d-c * require i_logstart to be the same * Will fail if you truncate and then re-write */ inode = fat_iget(sb, i_pos); if (inode && MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart != i_logstart) { iput(inode); inode = NULL; } } /* * For now, do nothing if the inode is not found. * * What we could do is: * * - follow the file starting at fh[4], and record the ".." entry, * and the name of the fh[2] entry. * - then follow the ".." file finding the next step up. * * This way we build a path to the root of the tree. If this works, we * lookup the path and so get this inode into the cache. Finally try * the fat_iget lookup again. If that fails, then we are totally out * of luck. But all that is for another day */ result = d_obtain_alias(inode); if (!IS_ERR(result)) result->d_op = sb->s_root->d_op; return result; } static int fat_encode_fh(struct dentry *de, __u32 *fh, int *lenp, int connectable) { int len = *lenp; struct inode *inode = de->d_inode; u32 ipos_h, ipos_m, ipos_l; if (len < 5) return 255; /* no room */ ipos_h = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos >> 8; ipos_m = (MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos & 0xf0) << 24; ipos_l = (MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos & 0x0f) << 28; *lenp = 5; fh[0] = inode->i_ino; fh[1] = inode->i_generation; fh[2] = ipos_h; fh[3] = ipos_m | MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart; spin_lock(&de->d_lock); fh[4] = ipos_l | MSDOS_I(de->d_parent->d_inode)->i_logstart; spin_unlock(&de->d_lock); return 3; } static struct dentry *fat_get_parent(struct dentry *child) { struct super_block *sb = child->d_sb; struct buffer_head *bh; struct msdos_dir_entry *de; loff_t i_pos; struct dentry *parent; struct inode *inode; int err; lock_super(sb); err = fat_get_dotdot_entry(child->d_inode, &bh, &de, &i_pos); if (err) { parent = ERR_PTR(err); goto out; } inode = fat_build_inode(sb, de, i_pos); brelse(bh); parent = d_obtain_alias(inode); if (!IS_ERR(parent)) parent->d_op = sb->s_root->d_op; out: unlock_super(sb); return parent; } static const struct export_operations fat_export_ops = { .encode_fh = fat_encode_fh, .fh_to_dentry = fat_fh_to_dentry, .get_parent = fat_get_parent, }; static int fat_show_options(struct seq_file *m, struct vfsmount *mnt) { struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(mnt->mnt_sb); struct fat_mount_options *opts = &sbi->options; int isvfat = opts->isvfat; if (opts->fs_uid != 0) seq_printf(m, ",uid=%u", opts->fs_uid); if (opts->fs_gid != 0) seq_printf(m, ",gid=%u", opts->fs_gid); seq_printf(m, ",fmask=%04o", opts->fs_fmask); seq_printf(m, ",dmask=%04o", opts->fs_dmask); if (opts->allow_utime) seq_printf(m, ",allow_utime=%04o", opts->allow_utime); if (sbi->nls_disk) seq_printf(m, ",codepage=%s", sbi->nls_disk->charset); if (isvfat) { if (sbi->nls_io) seq_printf(m, ",iocharset=%s", sbi->nls_io->charset); switch (opts->shortname) { case VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_WIN95 | VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WIN95: seq_puts(m, ",shortname=win95"); break; case VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_WINNT | VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WINNT: seq_puts(m, ",shortname=winnt"); break; case VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_WINNT | VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WIN95: seq_puts(m, ",shortname=mixed"); break; case VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_LOWER | VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WIN95: seq_puts(m, ",shortname=lower"); break; default: seq_puts(m, ",shortname=unknown"); break; } } if (opts->name_check != 'n') seq_printf(m, ",check=%c", opts->name_check); if (opts->usefree) seq_puts(m, ",usefree"); if (opts->quiet) seq_puts(m, ",quiet"); if (opts->showexec) seq_puts(m, ",showexec"); if (opts->sys_immutable) seq_puts(m, ",sys_immutable"); if (!isvfat) { if (opts->dotsOK) seq_puts(m, ",dotsOK=yes"); if (opts->nocase) seq_puts(m, ",nocase"); } else { if (opts->utf8) seq_puts(m, ",utf8"); if (opts->unicode_xlate) seq_puts(m, ",uni_xlate"); if (!opts->numtail) seq_puts(m, ",nonumtail"); if (opts->rodir) seq_puts(m, ",rodir"); } if (opts->flush) seq_puts(m, ",flush"); if (opts->tz_utc) seq_puts(m, ",tz=UTC"); if (opts->errors == FAT_ERRORS_CONT) seq_puts(m, ",errors=continue"); else if (opts->errors == FAT_ERRORS_PANIC) seq_puts(m, ",errors=panic"); else seq_puts(m, ",errors=remount-ro"); if (opts->discard) seq_puts(m, ",discard"); return 0; } enum { Opt_check_n, Opt_check_r, Opt_check_s, Opt_uid, Opt_gid, Opt_umask, Opt_dmask, Opt_fmask, Opt_allow_utime, Opt_codepage, Opt_usefree, Opt_nocase, Opt_quiet, Opt_showexec, Opt_debug, Opt_immutable, Opt_dots, Opt_nodots, Opt_charset, Opt_shortname_lower, Opt_shortname_win95, Opt_shortname_winnt, Opt_shortname_mixed, Opt_utf8_no, Opt_utf8_yes, Opt_uni_xl_no, Opt_uni_xl_yes, Opt_nonumtail_no, Opt_nonumtail_yes, Opt_obsolate, Opt_flush, Opt_tz_utc, Opt_rodir, Opt_err_cont, Opt_err_panic, Opt_err_ro, Opt_discard, Opt_err, }; static const match_table_t fat_tokens = { {Opt_check_r, "check=relaxed"}, {Opt_check_s, "check=strict"}, {Opt_check_n, "check=normal"}, {Opt_check_r, "check=r"}, {Opt_check_s, "check=s"}, {Opt_check_n, "check=n"}, {Opt_uid, "uid=%u"}, {Opt_gid, "gid=%u"}, {Opt_umask, "umask=%o"}, {Opt_dmask, "dmask=%o"}, {Opt_fmask, "fmask=%o"}, {Opt_allow_utime, "allow_utime=%o"}, {Opt_codepage, "codepage=%u"}, {Opt_usefree, "usefree"}, {Opt_nocase, "nocase"}, {Opt_quiet, "quiet"}, {Opt_showexec, "showexec"}, {Opt_debug, "debug"}, {Opt_immutable, "sys_immutable"}, {Opt_flush, "flush"}, {Opt_tz_utc, "tz=UTC"}, {Opt_err_cont, "errors=continue"}, {Opt_err_panic, "errors=panic"}, {Opt_err_ro, "errors=remount-ro"}, {Opt_discard, "discard"}, {Opt_obsolate, "conv=binary"}, {Opt_obsolate, "conv=text"}, {Opt_obsolate, "conv=auto"}, {Opt_obsolate, "conv=b"}, {Opt_obsolate, "conv=t"}, {Opt_obsolate, "conv=a"}, {Opt_obsolate, "fat=%u"}, {Opt_obsolate, "blocksize=%u"}, {Opt_obsolate, "cvf_format=%20s"}, {Opt_obsolate, "cvf_options=%100s"}, {Opt_obsolate, "posix"}, {Opt_err, NULL}, }; static const match_table_t msdos_tokens = { {Opt_nodots, "nodots"}, {Opt_nodots, "dotsOK=no"}, {Opt_dots, "dots"}, {Opt_dots, "dotsOK=yes"}, {Opt_err, NULL} }; static const match_table_t vfat_tokens = { {Opt_charset, "iocharset=%s"}, {Opt_shortname_lower, "shortname=lower"}, {Opt_shortname_win95, "shortname=win95"}, {Opt_shortname_winnt, "shortname=winnt"}, {Opt_shortname_mixed, "shortname=mixed"}, {Opt_utf8_no, "utf8=0"}, /* 0 or no or false */ {Opt_utf8_no, "utf8=no"}, {Opt_utf8_no, "utf8=false"}, {Opt_utf8_yes, "utf8=1"}, /* empty or 1 or yes or true */ {Opt_utf8_yes, "utf8=yes"}, {Opt_utf8_yes, "utf8=true"}, {Opt_utf8_yes, "utf8"}, {Opt_uni_xl_no, "uni_xlate=0"}, /* 0 or no or false */ {Opt_uni_xl_no, "uni_xlate=no"}, {Opt_uni_xl_no, "uni_xlate=false"}, {Opt_uni_xl_yes, "uni_xlate=1"}, /* empty or 1 or yes or true */ {Opt_uni_xl_yes, "uni_xlate=yes"}, {Opt_uni_xl_yes, "uni_xlate=true"}, {Opt_uni_xl_yes, "uni_xlate"}, {Opt_nonumtail_no, "nonumtail=0"}, /* 0 or no or false */ {Opt_nonumtail_no, "nonumtail=no"}, {Opt_nonumtail_no, "nonumtail=false"}, {Opt_nonumtail_yes, "nonumtail=1"}, /* empty or 1 or yes or true */ {Opt_nonumtail_yes, "nonumtail=yes"}, {Opt_nonumtail_yes, "nonumtail=true"}, {Opt_nonumtail_yes, "nonumtail"}, {Opt_rodir, "rodir"}, {Opt_err, NULL} }; static int parse_options(char *options, int is_vfat, int silent, int *debug, struct fat_mount_options *opts) { char *p; substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS]; int option; char *iocharset; opts->isvfat = is_vfat; opts->fs_uid = current_uid(); opts->fs_gid = current_gid(); opts->fs_fmask = opts->fs_dmask = current_umask(); opts->allow_utime = -1; opts->codepage = fat_default_codepage; opts->iocharset = fat_default_iocharset; if (is_vfat) { opts->shortname = VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_WINNT|VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WIN95; opts->rodir = 0; } else { opts->shortname = 0; opts->rodir = 1; } opts->name_check = 'n'; opts->quiet = opts->showexec = opts->sys_immutable = opts->dotsOK = 0; opts->utf8 = opts->unicode_xlate = 0; opts->numtail = 1; opts->usefree = opts->nocase = 0; opts->tz_utc = 0; opts->errors = FAT_ERRORS_RO; *debug = 0; if (!options) goto out; while ((p = strsep(&options, ",")) != NULL) { int token; if (!*p) continue; token = match_token(p, fat_tokens, args); if (token == Opt_err) { if (is_vfat) token = match_token(p, vfat_tokens, args); else token = match_token(p, msdos_tokens, args); } switch (token) { case Opt_check_s: opts->name_check = 's'; break; case Opt_check_r: opts->name_check = 'r'; break; case Opt_check_n: opts->name_check = 'n'; break; case Opt_usefree: opts->usefree = 1; break; case Opt_nocase: if (!is_vfat) opts->nocase = 1; else { /* for backward compatibility */ opts->shortname = VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_WIN95 | VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WIN95; } break; case Opt_quiet: opts->quiet = 1; break; case Opt_showexec: opts->showexec = 1; break; case Opt_debug: *debug = 1; break; case Opt_immutable: opts->sys_immutable = 1; break; case Opt_uid: if (match_int(&args[0], &option)) return 0; opts->fs_uid = option; break; case Opt_gid: if (match_int(&args[0], &option)) return 0; opts->fs_gid = option; break; case Opt_umask: if (match_octal(&args[0], &option)) return 0; opts->fs_fmask = opts->fs_dmask = option; break; case Opt_dmask: if (match_octal(&args[0], &option)) return 0; opts->fs_dmask = option; break; case Opt_fmask: if (match_octal(&args[0], &option)) return 0; opts->fs_fmask = option; break; case Opt_allow_utime: if (match_octal(&args[0], &option)) return 0; opts->allow_utime = option & (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH); break; case Opt_codepage: if (match_int(&args[0], &option)) return 0; opts->codepage = option; break; case Opt_flush: opts->flush = 1; break; case Opt_tz_utc: opts->tz_utc = 1; break; case Opt_err_cont: opts->errors = FAT_ERRORS_CONT; break; case Opt_err_panic: opts->errors = FAT_ERRORS_PANIC; break; case Opt_err_ro: opts->errors = FAT_ERRORS_RO; break; /* msdos specific */ case Opt_dots: opts->dotsOK = 1; break; case Opt_nodots: opts->dotsOK = 0; break; /* vfat specific */ case Opt_charset: if (opts->iocharset != fat_default_iocharset) kfree(opts->iocharset); iocharset = match_strdup(&args[0]); if (!iocharset) return -ENOMEM; opts->iocharset = iocharset; break; case Opt_shortname_lower: opts->shortname = VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_LOWER | VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WIN95; break; case Opt_shortname_win95: opts->shortname = VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_WIN95 | VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WIN95; break; case Opt_shortname_winnt: opts->shortname = VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_WINNT | VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WINNT; break; case Opt_shortname_mixed: opts->shortname = VFAT_SFN_DISPLAY_WINNT | VFAT_SFN_CREATE_WIN95; break; case Opt_utf8_no: /* 0 or no or false */ opts->utf8 = 0; break; case Opt_utf8_yes: /* empty or 1 or yes or true */ opts->utf8 = 1; break; case Opt_uni_xl_no: /* 0 or no or false */ opts->unicode_xlate = 0; break; case Opt_uni_xl_yes: /* empty or 1 or yes or true */ opts->unicode_xlate = 1; break; case Opt_nonumtail_no: /* 0 or no or false */ opts->numtail = 1; /* negated option */ break; case Opt_nonumtail_yes: /* empty or 1 or yes or true */ opts->numtail = 0; /* negated option */ break; case Opt_rodir: opts->rodir = 1; break; case Opt_discard: opts->discard = 1; break; /* obsolete mount options */ case Opt_obsolate: printk(KERN_INFO "FAT: \"%s\" option is obsolete, " "not supported now\n", p); break; /* unknown option */ default: if (!silent) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" " "or missing value\n", p); } return -EINVAL; } } out: /* UTF-8 doesn't provide FAT semantics */ if (!strcmp(opts->iocharset, "utf8")) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset" " for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be " "case sensitive!\n"); } /* If user doesn't specify allow_utime, it's initialized from dmask. */ if (opts->allow_utime == (unsigned short)-1) opts->allow_utime = ~opts->fs_dmask & (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH); if (opts->unicode_xlate) opts->utf8 = 0; return 0; } static int fat_read_root(struct inode *inode) { struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb; struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb); int error; MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos = 0; inode->i_uid = sbi->options.fs_uid; inode->i_gid = sbi->options.fs_gid; inode->i_version++; inode->i_generation = 0; inode->i_mode = fat_make_mode(sbi, ATTR_DIR, S_IRWXUGO); inode->i_op = sbi->dir_ops; inode->i_fop = &fat_dir_operations; if (sbi->fat_bits == 32) { MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = sbi->root_cluster; error = fat_calc_dir_size(inode); if (error < 0) return error; } else { MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = 0; inode->i_size = sbi->dir_entries * sizeof(struct msdos_dir_entry); } inode->i_blocks = ((inode->i_size + (sbi->cluster_size - 1)) & ~((loff_t)sbi->cluster_size - 1)) >> 9; MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = 0; MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private = inode->i_size; fat_save_attrs(inode, ATTR_DIR); inode->i_mtime.tv_sec = inode->i_atime.tv_sec = inode->i_ctime.tv_sec = 0; inode->i_mtime.tv_nsec = inode->i_atime.tv_nsec = inode->i_ctime.tv_nsec = 0; inode->i_nlink = fat_subdirs(inode)+2; return 0; } /* * Read the super block of an MS-DOS FS. */ int fat_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent, const struct inode_operations *fs_dir_inode_ops, int isvfat) { struct inode *root_inode = NULL, *fat_inode = NULL; struct buffer_head *bh; struct fat_boot_sector *b; struct msdos_sb_info *sbi; u16 logical_sector_size; u32 total_sectors, total_clusters, fat_clusters, rootdir_sectors; int debug; unsigned int media; long error; char buf[50]; /* * GFP_KERNEL is ok here, because while we do hold the * supeblock lock, memory pressure can't call back into * the filesystem, since we're only just about to mount * it and have no inodes etc active! */ sbi = kzalloc(sizeof(struct msdos_sb_info), GFP_KERNEL); if (!sbi) return -ENOMEM; sb->s_fs_info = sbi; sb->s_flags |= MS_NODIRATIME; sb->s_magic = MSDOS_SUPER_MAGIC; sb->s_op = &fat_sops; sb->s_export_op = &fat_export_ops; sbi->dir_ops = fs_dir_inode_ops; ratelimit_state_init(&sbi->ratelimit, DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL, DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST); error = parse_options(data, isvfat, silent, &debug, &sbi->options); if (error) goto out_fail; error = -EIO; sb_min_blocksize(sb, 512); bh = sb_bread(sb, 0); if (bh == NULL) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: unable to read boot sector\n"); goto out_fail; } b = (struct fat_boot_sector *) bh->b_data; if (!b->reserved) { if (!silent) printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: bogus number of reserved sectors\n"); brelse(bh); goto out_invalid; } if (!b->fats) { if (!silent) printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: bogus number of FAT structure\n"); brelse(bh); goto out_invalid; } /* * Earlier we checked here that b->secs_track and b->head are nonzero, * but it turns out valid FAT filesystems can have zero there. */ media = b->media; if (!fat_valid_media(media)) { if (!silent) printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: invalid media value (0x%02x)\n", media); brelse(bh); goto out_invalid; } logical_sector_size = get_unaligned_le16(&b->sector_size); if (!is_power_of_2(logical_sector_size) || (logical_sector_size < 512) || (logical_sector_size > 4096)) { if (!silent) printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: bogus logical sector size %u\n", logical_sector_size); brelse(bh); goto out_invalid; } sbi->sec_per_clus = b->sec_per_clus; if (!is_power_of_2(sbi->sec_per_clus)) { if (!silent) printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: bogus sectors per cluster %u\n", sbi->sec_per_clus); brelse(bh); goto out_invalid; } if (logical_sector_size < sb->s_blocksize) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: logical sector size too small for device" " (logical sector size = %u)\n", logical_sector_size); brelse(bh); goto out_fail; } if (logical_sector_size > sb->s_blocksize) { brelse(bh); if (!sb_set_blocksize(sb, logical_sector_size)) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: unable to set blocksize %u\n", logical_sector_size); goto out_fail; } bh = sb_bread(sb, 0); if (bh == NULL) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: unable to read boot sector" " (logical sector size = %lu)\n", sb->s_blocksize); goto out_fail; } b = (struct fat_boot_sector *) bh->b_data; } sbi->cluster_size = sb->s_blocksize * sbi->sec_per_clus; sbi->cluster_bits = ffs(sbi->cluster_size) - 1; sbi->fats = b->fats; sbi->fat_bits = 0; /* Don't know yet */ sbi->fat_start = le16_to_cpu(b->reserved); sbi->fat_length = le16_to_cpu(b->fat_length); sbi->root_cluster = 0; sbi->free_clusters = -1; /* Don't know yet */ sbi->free_clus_valid = 0; sbi->prev_free = FAT_START_ENT; if (!sbi->fat_length && b->fat32_length) { struct fat_boot_fsinfo *fsinfo; struct buffer_head *fsinfo_bh; /* Must be FAT32 */ sbi->fat_bits = 32; sbi->fat_length = le32_to_cpu(b->fat32_length); sbi->root_cluster = le32_to_cpu(b->root_cluster); sb->s_maxbytes = 0xffffffff; /* MC - if info_sector is 0, don't multiply by 0 */ sbi->fsinfo_sector = le16_to_cpu(b->info_sector); if (sbi->fsinfo_sector == 0) sbi->fsinfo_sector = 1; fsinfo_bh = sb_bread(sb, sbi->fsinfo_sector); if (fsinfo_bh == NULL) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: bread failed, FSINFO block" " (sector = %lu)\n", sbi->fsinfo_sector); brelse(bh); goto out_fail; } fsinfo = (struct fat_boot_fsinfo *)fsinfo_bh->b_data; if (!IS_FSINFO(fsinfo)) { printk(KERN_WARNING "FAT: Invalid FSINFO signature: " "0x%08x, 0x%08x (sector = %lu)\n", le32_to_cpu(fsinfo->signature1), le32_to_cpu(fsinfo->signature2), sbi->fsinfo_sector); } else { if (sbi->options.usefree) sbi->free_clus_valid = 1; sbi->free_clusters = le32_to_cpu(fsinfo->free_clusters); sbi->prev_free = le32_to_cpu(fsinfo->next_cluster); } brelse(fsinfo_bh); } sbi->dir_per_block = sb->s_blocksize / sizeof(struct msdos_dir_entry); sbi->dir_per_block_bits = ffs(sbi->dir_per_block) - 1; sbi->dir_start = sbi->fat_start + sbi->fats * sbi->fat_length; sbi->dir_entries = get_unaligned_le16(&b->dir_entries); if (sbi->dir_entries & (sbi->dir_per_block - 1)) { if (!silent) printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: bogus directroy-entries per block" " (%u)\n", sbi->dir_entries); brelse(bh); goto out_invalid; } rootdir_sectors = sbi->dir_entries * sizeof(struct msdos_dir_entry) / sb->s_blocksize; sbi->data_start = sbi->dir_start + rootdir_sectors; total_sectors = get_unaligned_le16(&b->sectors); if (total_sectors == 0) total_sectors = le32_to_cpu(b->total_sect); total_clusters = (total_sectors - sbi->data_start) / sbi->sec_per_clus; if (sbi->fat_bits != 32) sbi->fat_bits = (total_clusters > MAX_FAT12) ? 16 : 12; /* check that FAT table does not overflow */ fat_clusters = sbi->fat_length * sb->s_blocksize * 8 / sbi->fat_bits; total_clusters = min(total_clusters, fat_clusters - FAT_START_ENT); if (total_clusters > MAX_FAT(sb)) { if (!silent) printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: count of clusters too big (%u)\n", total_clusters); brelse(bh); goto out_invalid; } sbi->max_cluster = total_clusters + FAT_START_ENT; /* check the free_clusters, it's not necessarily correct */ if (sbi->free_clusters != -1 && sbi->free_clusters > total_clusters) sbi->free_clusters = -1; /* check the prev_free, it's not necessarily correct */ sbi->prev_free %= sbi->max_cluster; if (sbi->prev_free < FAT_START_ENT) sbi->prev_free = FAT_START_ENT; brelse(bh); /* set up enough so that it can read an inode */ fat_hash_init(sb); fat_ent_access_init(sb); /* * The low byte of FAT's first entry must have same value with * media-field. But in real world, too many devices is * writing wrong value. So, removed that validity check. * * if (FAT_FIRST_ENT(sb, media) != first) */ error = -EINVAL; sprintf(buf, "cp%d", sbi->options.codepage); sbi->nls_disk = load_nls(buf); if (!sbi->nls_disk) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: codepage %s not found\n", buf); goto out_fail; } /* FIXME: utf8 is using iocharset for upper/lower conversion */ if (sbi->options.isvfat) { sbi->nls_io = load_nls(sbi->options.iocharset); if (!sbi->nls_io) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: IO charset %s not found\n", sbi->options.iocharset); goto out_fail; } } error = -ENOMEM; fat_inode = new_inode(sb); if (!fat_inode) goto out_fail; MSDOS_I(fat_inode)->i_pos = 0; sbi->fat_inode = fat_inode; root_inode = new_inode(sb); if (!root_inode) goto out_fail; root_inode->i_ino = MSDOS_ROOT_INO; root_inode->i_version = 1; error = fat_read_root(root_inode); if (error < 0) goto out_fail; error = -ENOMEM; insert_inode_hash(root_inode); sb->s_root = d_alloc_root(root_inode); if (!sb->s_root) { printk(KERN_ERR "FAT: get root inode failed\n"); goto out_fail; } return 0; out_invalid: error = -EINVAL; if (!silent) printk(KERN_INFO "VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem" " on dev %s.\n", sb->s_id); out_fail: if (fat_inode) iput(fat_inode); if (root_inode) iput(root_inode); unload_nls(sbi->nls_io); unload_nls(sbi->nls_disk); if (sbi->options.iocharset != fat_default_iocharset) kfree(sbi->options.iocharset); sb->s_fs_info = NULL; kfree(sbi); return error; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fat_fill_super); /* * helper function for fat_flush_inodes. This writes both the inode * and the file data blocks, waiting for in flight data blocks before * the start of the call. It does not wait for any io started * during the call */ static int writeback_inode(struct inode *inode) { int ret; struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; struct writeback_control wbc = { .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE, .nr_to_write = 0, }; /* if we used WB_SYNC_ALL, sync_inode waits for the io for the * inode to finish. So WB_SYNC_NONE is sent down to sync_inode * and filemap_fdatawrite is used for the data blocks */ ret = sync_inode(inode, &wbc); if (!ret) ret = filemap_fdatawrite(mapping); return ret; } /* * write data and metadata corresponding to i1 and i2. The io is * started but we do not wait for any of it to finish. * * filemap_flush is used for the block device, so if there is a dirty * page for a block already in flight, we will not wait and start the * io over again */ int fat_flush_inodes(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *i1, struct inode *i2) { int ret = 0; if (!MSDOS_SB(sb)->options.flush) return 0; if (i1) ret = writeback_inode(i1); if (!ret && i2) ret = writeback_inode(i2); if (!ret) { struct address_space *mapping = sb->s_bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping; ret = filemap_flush(mapping); } return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fat_flush_inodes); static int __init init_fat_fs(void) { int err; err = fat_cache_init(); if (err) return err; err = fat_init_inodecache(); if (err) goto failed; return 0; failed: fat_cache_destroy(); return err; } static void __exit exit_fat_fs(void) { fat_cache_destroy(); fat_destroy_inodecache(); } module_init(init_fat_fs) module_exit(exit_fat_fs) MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");