systemd udevadm 8 udevadmudev management tool udevadm --debug --version --help udevadm info options devpath udevadm trigger options devpath udevadm settle options udevadm control option udevadm monitor options udevadm test options devpath udevadm test-builtin options command devpath udevadm verify options file udevadm wait options device|syspath udevadm lock options command udevadm expects a command and command specific options. It controls the runtime behavior of systemd-udevd, requests kernel events, manages the event queue, and provides simple debugging mechanisms. -d --debug Print debug messages to standard error. This option is implied in udevadm test and udevadm test-builtin commands. Query the udev database for device information. Positional arguments should be used to specify one or more devices. Each one may be a device name (in which case it must start with /dev/), a sys path (in which case it must start with /sys/), or a systemd device unit name (in which case it must end with .device, see systemd.device5). -q --query=TYPE Query the database for the specified type of device data. Valid TYPEs are: name, symlink, path, property, all. --property=NAME When showing device properties using the --query=property option, limit display to properties specified in the argument. The argument should be a comma-separated list of property names. If not specified, all known properties are shown. --value When showing device properties using the --query=property option, print only their values, and skip the property name and =. Cannot be used together with -x/--export or -P/--export-prefix. -p --path=DEVPATH The /sys/ path of the device to query, e.g. /sys//class/block/sda. This option is an alternative to the positional argument with a /sys/ prefix. udevadm info --path=/class/block/sda is equivalent to udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda. -n --name=FILE The name of the device node or a symlink to query, e.g. /dev//sda. This option is an alternative to the positional argument with a /dev/ prefix. udevadm info --name=sda is equivalent to udevadm info /dev/sda. -r --root Print absolute paths in name or symlink query. -a --attribute-walk Print all sysfs properties of the specified device that can be used in udev rules to match the specified device. It prints all devices along the chain, up to the root of sysfs that can be used in udev rules. This switch supports JSON output mode (see --json= below). Note that because this switch generates multiple JSON objects, JSON-SEQ mode is automatically enabled (RFC7464). (Note: tools such as jq natively support JSON-SEQ via the --seq switch.) -t --tree Display a sysfs tree. This recursively iterates through the sysfs hierarchy and displays it in a tree structure. If a path is specified only the subtree below and its parent directories are shown. This will show both device and subsystem items. -x --export Print output as key/value pairs. Values are enclosed in single quotes. This takes effects only when --query=property or --device-id-of-file=FILE is specified. -P --export-prefix=NAME Add a prefix to the key name of exported values. This implies --export. -d --device-id-of-file=FILE Print major/minor numbers of the underlying device, where the file lives on. If this is specified, all positional arguments are ignored. -e --export-db Export the content of the udev database. -c --cleanup-db Cleanup the udev database. -wSECONDS --wait-for-initialization=SECONDS Wait for device to be initialized. If argument SECONDS is not specified, the default is to wait forever. --subsystem-match=SUBSYSTEM --subsystem-nomatch=SUBSYSTEM When used with --export-db, only show devices of or not of the given subsystem respectively. --attr-match=FILE[=VALUE] --attr-nomatch=FILE[=VALUE] When used with --export-db, only show devices matching or not matching the given attribute respectively. --property-match=KEY=VALUE When used with --export-db, only show devices matching the given property and value. --tag-match=TAG When used with --export-db, only show devices with the given tag. --sysname-match=NAME When used with --export-db, only show devices with the given /sys path. --name-match=NAME When used with --export-db, only show devices with the given name in /dev. --parent-match=NAME When used with --export-db, only show devices with the given parent device. --initialized-match --initialized-nomatch When used with --export-db, only show devices that are initialized or not initialized respectively. The generated output shows the current device database entry in a terse format. Each line shown is prefixed with one of the following characters: Prefix Meaning P: Device path in /sys/ M: Device name in /sys/ (i.e. the last component of P:) R: Device number in /sys/ (i.e. the numeric suffix of the last component of P:) J: Device ID U: Kernel subsystem B: Driver subsystem T: Kernel device type within subsystem D: Kernel device node major/minor I: Network interface index N: Kernel device node name L: Device node symlink priority S: Device node symlink Q: Block device sequence number (DISKSEQ) V: Attached driver E: Device property Request device events from the kernel. Primarily used to replay events at system coldplug time. Takes device specifications as positional arguments. See the description of info above. -v --verbose Print the list of devices which will be triggered. -n --dry-run Do not actually trigger the event. -q --quiet Suppress error logging in triggering events. -t --type=TYPE Trigger a specific type of devices. Valid types are all, devices, and subsystems. The default value is devices. -c --action=ACTION Type of event to be triggered. Possible actions are add, remove, change, move, online, offline, bind, and unbind. Also, the special value help can be used to list the possible actions. The default value is change. --prioritized-subsystem=SUBSYSTEM,SUBSYSTEM… Takes a comma separated list of subsystems. When triggering events for devices, the devices from the specified subsystems and their parents are triggered first. For example, if --prioritized-subsystem=block,net, then firstly all block devices and their parents are triggered, in the next all network devices and their parents are triggered, and lastly the other devices are triggered. This option can be specified multiple times, and in that case the lists of the subsystems will be merged. That is, --prioritized-subsystem=block --prioritized-subsystem=net is equivalent to --prioritized-subsystem=block,net. -s --subsystem-match=SUBSYSTEM Trigger events for devices which belong to a matching subsystem. This option supports shell style pattern matching. When this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is, all the devices in each subsystem are triggered. -S --subsystem-nomatch=SUBSYSTEM Do not trigger events for devices which belong to a matching subsystem. This option supports shell style pattern matching. When this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is ANDed, that is, devices which do not match all specified subsystems are triggered. -a --attr-match=ATTRIBUTE=VALUE Trigger events for devices with a matching sysfs attribute. If a value is specified along with the attribute name, the content of the attribute is matched against the given value using shell style pattern matching. If no value is specified, the existence of the sysfs attribute is checked. When this option is specified multiple times, then each matching result is ANDed, that is, only devices which have all specified attributes are triggered. -A --attr-nomatch=ATTRIBUTE=VALUE Do not trigger events for devices with a matching sysfs attribute. If a value is specified along with the attribute name, the content of the attribute is matched against the given value using shell style pattern matching. If no value is specified, the existence of the sysfs attribute is checked. When this option is specified multiple times, then each matching result is ANDed, that is, only devices which have none of the specified attributes are triggered. -p --property-match=PROPERTY=VALUE Trigger events for devices with a matching property value. This option supports shell style pattern matching. When this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is, devices which have one of the specified properties are triggered. -g --tag-match=TAG Trigger events for devices with a matching tag. When this option is specified multiple times, then each matching result is ANDed, that is, devices which have all specified tags are triggered. -y --sysname-match=NAME Trigger events for devices for which the last component (i.e. the filename) of the /sys/ path matches the specified PATH. This option supports shell style pattern matching. When this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is, all devices which have any of the specified NAME are triggered. --name-match=NAME Trigger events for devices with a matching device path. When this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is, all specified devices are triggered. -b --parent-match=SYSPATH Trigger events for all children of a given device. When this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is, all children of each specified device are triggered. --initialized-match --initialized-nomatch When --initialized-match is specified, trigger events for devices that are already initialized by systemd-udevd, and skip devices that are not initialized yet. When --initialized-nomatch is specified, trigger events for devices that are not initialized by systemd-udevd yet, and skip devices that are already initialized. Typically, it is essential that applications which intend to use such a match, make sure a suitable udev rule is installed that sets at least one property on devices that shall be matched. See also Initialized Devices section below for more details. --initialized-nomatch can potentially save a significant amount of time compared to re-triggering all devices in the system and e.g. can be used to optimize boot time. However, this is not safe to be used in a boot sequence in general. Especially, when udev rules for a device depend on its parent devices (e.g. ATTRS or IMPORT{parent} keys, see udev7 for more details), the final state of the device becomes easily unstable with this option. -w --settle Apart from triggering events, also waits for those events to finish. Note that this is different from calling udevadm settle. udevadm settle waits for all events to finish. This option only waits for events triggered by the same command to finish. --uuid Trigger the synthetic device events, and associate a randomized UUID with each. These UUIDs are printed to standard output, one line for each event. These UUIDs are included in the uevent environment block (in the SYNTH_UUID= property) and may be used to track delivery of the generated events. --wait-daemon[=SECONDS] Before triggering uevents, wait for systemd-udevd daemon to be initialized. Optionally takes timeout value. Default timeout is 5 seconds. This is equivalent to invoking udevadm control --ping before udevadm trigger. In addition, optional positional arguments can be used to specify device names or sys paths. They must start with /dev/ or /sys/ respectively. Watches the udev event queue, and exits if all current events are handled. -t --timeout=SECONDS Maximum number of seconds to wait for the event queue to become empty. The default value is 120 seconds. A value of 0 will check if the queue is empty and always return immediately. A non-zero value will return an exit code of 0 if queue became empty before timeout was reached, non-zero otherwise. -E --exit-if-exists=FILE Stop waiting if file exists. See systemd-udev-settle.service8 for more information. Modify the internal state of the running udev daemon. -e --exit Signal and wait for systemd-udevd to exit. No option except for --timeout can be specified after this option. Note that systemd-udevd.service contains Restart=always and so as a result, this option restarts systemd-udevd. If you want to stop systemd-udevd.service, please use the following: systemctl stop systemd-udevd-control.socket systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service -l --log-level=value Set the internal log level of systemd-udevd. Valid values are the numerical syslog priorities or their textual representations: emerg, alert, crit, err, warning, notice, info, and debug. -s --stop-exec-queue Signal systemd-udevd to stop executing new events. Incoming events will be queued. -S --start-exec-queue Signal systemd-udevd to enable the execution of events. -R --reload Signal systemd-udevd to reload the rules files and other databases like the kernel module index. Reloading rules and databases does not apply any changes to already existing devices; the new configuration will only be applied to new events. -p --property=KEY=value Set a global property for all events. -m --children-max=value Set the maximum number of events, systemd-udevd will handle at the same time. When 0 is specified, then the maximum is determined based on the system resources. --ping Send a ping message to systemd-udevd and wait for the reply. This may be useful to check that systemd-udevd daemon is running. -t --timeout=seconds The maximum number of seconds to wait for a reply from systemd-udevd. --load-credentials When specified, the following credentials are used when passed in: udev.conf.* These credentials should contain valid udev.conf5 configuration data. From each matching credential a separate file is created. Example: a passed credential udev.conf.50-foobar will be copied into a configuration file /run/udev/udev.conf.d/50-foobar.conf. udev.rules.* These credentials should contain valid udev7 rules. From each matching credential a separate file is created. Example: a passed credential udev.rules.50-foobar will be copied into a configuration file /run/udev/rules.d/50-foobar.rules. Note, this does not imply --reload option. So, if systemd-udevd is already running, please consider to also specify -reload to make the copied udev rules files used by systemd-udevd. Listens to the kernel uevents and events sent out by a udev rule and prints the devpath of the event to the console. It can be used to analyze the event timing, by comparing the timestamps of the kernel uevent and the udev event. -k --kernel Print the kernel uevents. -u --udev Print the udev event after the rule processing. -p --property Also print the properties of the event. -s --subsystem-match=string[/string] Filter kernel uevents and udev events by subsystem[/devtype]. Only events with a matching subsystem value will pass. When this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is, all devices in the specified subsystems are monitored. -t --tag-match=string Filter udev events by tag. Only udev events with a given tag attached will pass. When this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is, devices which have one of the specified tags are monitored. Simulate a udev event run for the given device, and print debug output. -a --action=ACTION Type of event to be simulated. Possible actions are add, remove, change, move, online, offline, bind, and unbind. Also, the special value help can be used to list the possible actions. The default value is add. -N --resolve-names=early|late|never Specify when udevadm should resolve names of users and groups. When set to early (the default), names will be resolved when the rules are parsed. When set to late, names will be resolved for every event. When set to never, names will never be resolved and all devices will be owned by root. Run a built-in command COMMAND for device DEVPATH, and print debug output. -a --action=ACTION Type of event to be simulated. Possible actions are add, remove, change, move, online, offline, bind, and unbind. Also, the special value help can be used to list the possible actions. The default value is add. Verify syntactic, semantic, and stylistic correctness of udev rules files. Positional arguments could be used to specify one or more files to check. If no files are specified, the udev rules are read from the files located in the same udev/rules.d directories that are processed by the udev daemon. The exit status is 0 if all specified udev rules files are syntactically, semantically, and stylistically correct, and a non-zero error code otherwise. -N --resolve-names=early|never Specify when udevadm should resolve names of users and groups. When set to early (the default), names will be resolved when the rules are parsed. When set to never, names will never be resolved. --root=PATH When looking for udev rules files located in udev/rules.d directories, operate on files underneath the specified root path PATH. --no-summary Do not show summary. --no-style Ignore style issues. When specified, even if style issues are found in udev rules files, the exit status is 0 if no syntactic or semantic errors are found. Wait for devices or device symlinks being created and initialized by systemd-udevd. Each device path must start with /dev/ or /sys/, e.g. /dev/sda, /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:3c:00.0-nvme-1-part1, /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.6/net/eth0, or /sys/class/net/eth0. This can take multiple devices. This may be useful for waiting for devices being processed by systemd-udevd after e.g. partitioning or formatting the devices. -t --timeout=SECONDS Maximum number of seconds to wait for the specified devices or device symlinks being created, initialized, or removed. The default value is infinity. --initialized=BOOL Check if systemd-udevd initialized devices. Defaults to true. When false, the command only checks if the specified devices exist. Set false to this setting if there is no udev rules for the specified devices, as the devices will never be considered as initialized in that case. See Initialized Devices section below for more details. --removed When specified, the command wait for devices being removed instead of created or initialized. If this is specified, --initialized= will be ignored. --settle When specified, also watches the udev event queue, and wait for all queued events being processed by systemd-udevd. udevadm lock takes an (advisory) exclusive lock on a block device (or all specified devices), as per Locking Block Device Access and invokes a program with the locks taken. When the invoked program exits the locks are automatically released and its return value is propagated as exit code of udevadm lock. This tool is in particular useful to ensure that systemd-udevd.service8 does not probe a block device while changes are made to it, for example partitions created or file systems formatted. Note that many tools that interface with block devices natively support taking relevant locks, see for example sfdisk8's --lock switch. The command expects at least one block device specified via --device= or --backing=, and a command line to execute as arguments. --device=DEVICE -d DEVICE Takes a path to a device node of the device to lock. This switch may be used multiple times (and in combination with --backing=) in order to lock multiple devices. If a partition block device node is specified the containing "whole" block device is automatically determined and used for the lock, as per the specification. If multiple devices are specified, they are deduplicated, sorted by the major/minor of their device nodes and then locked in order. This switch must be used at least once, to specify at least one device to lock. (Alternatively, use --backing=, see below.) --backing=PATH -b PATH If a path to a device node is specified, identical to --device=. However, this switch alternatively accepts a path to a regular file or directory, in which case the block device of the file system the file/directory resides on is automatically determined and used as if it was specified with --device=. --timeout=SECS -t SECS Specifies how long to wait at most until all locks can be taken. Takes a value in seconds, or in the usual supported time units, see systemd.time7. If specified as zero the lock is attempted and if not successful the invocation will immediately fail. If passed as infinity (the default) the invocation will wait indefinitely until the lock can be acquired. If the lock cannot be taken in the specified time the specified command will not be executed and the invocation will fail. --print -p Instead of locking the specified devices and executing a command, just print the device paths that would be locked, and execute no command. This command is useful to determine the "whole" block device in case a partition block device is specified. The devices will be sorted by their device node major number as primary ordering key and the minor number as secondary ordering key (i.e. they are shown in the order they'd be locked). Note that the number of lines printed here can be less than the number of --device= and --backing= switches specified in case these resolve to the same "whole" devices. Initialized devices are those for which at least one udev rule already completed execution – for any action but remove — that set a property or other device setting (and thus has an entry in the udev device database). Devices are no longer considered initialized if a remove action is seen for them (which removes their entry in the udev device database). Note that devices that have no udev rules are never considered initialized, but might still be announced via the sd-device API (or similar). Take a lock on the backing block device while creating a file system, to ensure that systemd-udevd doesn't probe or announce the new superblock before it is comprehensively written: # udevadm lock --device=/dev/sda1 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 Similar, but take locks on multiple devices at once: # udevadm lock --device=/dev/sda1 --device=/dev/sdb1 mkfs.btrfs /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 Take a lock on the backing block device while copying in a prepared file system image, to ensure that systemd-udevd doesn't probe or announce the new superblock before it is fully written: # udevadm lock -d /dev/sda1 dd if=fs.raw of=/dev/sda1 udev7 systemd-udevd.service8