/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */ /*** Copyright © 2013 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. ***/ #include #include #include #include #include #include #if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H # include #endif #include "sd-dhcp-client.h" #include "sd-event.h" #include "alloc-util.h" #include "dhcp-duid-internal.h" #include "dhcp-network.h" #include "dhcp-option.h" #include "dhcp-packet.h" #include "ether-addr-util.h" #include "fd-util.h" #include "random-util.h" #include "tests.h" static struct hw_addr_data hw_addr = { .length = ETH_ALEN, .ether = {{ 'A', 'B', 'C', '1', '2', '3' }}, }, bcast_addr = { .length = ETH_ALEN, .ether = {{ 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF }}, }; typedef int (*test_callback_recv_t)(size_t size, DHCPMessage *dhcp); static bool verbose = true; static int test_fd[2]; static test_callback_recv_t callback_recv; static be32_t xid; static void test_request_basic(sd_event *e) { int r; sd_dhcp_client *client; if (verbose) log_info("* %s", __func__); /* Initialize client without Anonymize settings. */ r = sd_dhcp_client_new(&client, false); assert_se(r >= 0); assert_se(client); r = sd_dhcp_client_attach_event(client, e, 0); assert_se(r >= 0); ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(NULL, 0) == -EINVAL); ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_address(NULL, NULL) == -EINVAL); ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_dhcp_client_set_ifindex(NULL, 0) == -EINVAL); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_ifindex(client, 15) == 0); ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_dhcp_client_set_ifindex(client, -42) == -EINVAL); ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_dhcp_client_set_ifindex(client, -1) == -EINVAL); ASSERT_RETURN_EXPECTED_SE(sd_dhcp_client_set_ifindex(client, 0) == -EINVAL); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_ifindex(client, 1) == 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_hostname(client, "host") == 1); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_hostname(client, "host.domain") == 1); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_hostname(client, NULL) == 1); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_hostname(client, "~host") == -EINVAL); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_hostname(client, "~host.domain") == -EINVAL); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_SUBNET_MASK) == 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_ROUTER) == 0); /* This PRL option is not set when using Anonymize, but in this test * Anonymize settings are not being used. */ assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_HOST_NAME) == 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_DOMAIN_NAME) == 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_DOMAIN_NAME_SERVER) == 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_PAD) == -EINVAL); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_END) == -EINVAL); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE) == -EINVAL); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_OVERLOAD) == -EINVAL); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_PARAMETER_REQUEST_LIST) == -EINVAL); /* RFC7844: option 33 (SD_DHCP_OPTION_STATIC_ROUTE) is set in the * default PRL when using Anonymize, so it is changed to other option * that is not set by default, to check that it was set successfully. * Options not set by default (using or not anonymize) are option 17 * (SD_DHCP_OPTION_ROOT_PATH) and 42 (SD_DHCP_OPTION_NTP_SERVER) */ assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, 17) == 1); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, 17) == 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, 42) == 1); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, 17) == 0); sd_dhcp_client_unref(client); } static void test_request_anonymize(sd_event *e) { int r; sd_dhcp_client *client; if (verbose) log_info("* %s", __func__); /* Initialize client with Anonymize settings. */ r = sd_dhcp_client_new(&client, true); assert_se(r >= 0); assert_se(client); r = sd_dhcp_client_attach_event(client, e, 0); assert_se(r >= 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_NETBIOS_NAME_SERVER) == 0); /* This PRL option is not set when using Anonymize */ assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_HOST_NAME) == 1); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, SD_DHCP_OPTION_PARAMETER_REQUEST_LIST) == -EINVAL); /* RFC7844: option 101 (SD_DHCP_OPTION_NEW_TZDB_TIMEZONE) is not set in the * default PRL when using Anonymize, */ assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, 101) == 1); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, 101) == 0); sd_dhcp_client_unref(client); } static void test_checksum(void) { uint8_t buf[20] = { 0x45, 0x00, 0x02, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff }; if (verbose) log_info("* %s", __func__); assert_se(dhcp_packet_checksum((uint8_t*)&buf, 20) == be16toh(0x78ae)); } static void test_dhcp_identifier_set_iaid(void) { uint32_t iaid_legacy; be32_t iaid; assert_se(dhcp_identifier_set_iaid(NULL, &hw_addr, /* legacy = */ true, &iaid_legacy) >= 0); assert_se(dhcp_identifier_set_iaid(NULL, &hw_addr, /* legacy = */ false, &iaid) >= 0); /* we expect, that the MAC address was hashed. The legacy value is in native * endianness. */ assert_se(iaid_legacy == 0x8dde4ba8u); assert_se(iaid == htole32(0x8dde4ba8u)); #if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN assert_se(iaid == iaid_legacy); #else assert_se(iaid == bswap_32(iaid_legacy)); #endif } static int check_options(uint8_t code, uint8_t len, const void *option, void *userdata) { switch (code) { case SD_DHCP_OPTION_CLIENT_IDENTIFIER: { sd_dhcp_duid duid; uint32_t iaid; assert_se(sd_dhcp_duid_set_en(&duid) >= 0); assert_se(dhcp_identifier_set_iaid(NULL, &hw_addr, /* legacy = */ true, &iaid) >= 0); assert_se(len == sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(uint32_t) + duid.size); assert_se(len == 19); assert_se(((uint8_t*) option)[0] == 0xff); assert_se(memcmp((uint8_t*) option + 1, &iaid, sizeof(iaid)) == 0); assert_se(memcmp((uint8_t*) option + 5, &duid.duid, duid.size) == 0); break; } default: break; } return 0; } int dhcp_network_send_raw_socket(int s, const union sockaddr_union *link, const void *packet, size_t len) { size_t size; _cleanup_free_ DHCPPacket *discover = NULL; uint16_t ip_check, udp_check; assert_se(s >= 0); assert_se(packet); size = sizeof(DHCPPacket); assert_se(len > size); discover = memdup(packet, len); assert_se(discover->ip.ttl == IPDEFTTL); assert_se(discover->ip.protocol == IPPROTO_UDP); assert_se(discover->ip.saddr == INADDR_ANY); assert_se(discover->ip.daddr == INADDR_BROADCAST); assert_se(discover->udp.source == be16toh(DHCP_PORT_CLIENT)); assert_se(discover->udp.dest == be16toh(DHCP_PORT_SERVER)); ip_check = discover->ip.check; discover->ip.ttl = 0; discover->ip.check = discover->udp.len; udp_check = ~dhcp_packet_checksum((uint8_t*)&discover->ip.ttl, len - 8); assert_se(udp_check == 0xffff); discover->ip.ttl = IPDEFTTL; discover->ip.check = ip_check; ip_check = ~dhcp_packet_checksum((uint8_t*)&discover->ip, sizeof(discover->ip)); assert_se(ip_check == 0xffff); assert_se(discover->dhcp.xid); assert_se(memcmp(discover->dhcp.chaddr, hw_addr.bytes, hw_addr.length) == 0); size = len - sizeof(struct iphdr) - sizeof(struct udphdr); assert_se(callback_recv); callback_recv(size, &discover->dhcp); return 575; } int dhcp_network_bind_raw_socket( int ifindex, union sockaddr_union *link, uint32_t id, const struct hw_addr_data *_hw_addr, const struct hw_addr_data *_bcast_addr, uint16_t arp_type, uint16_t port, bool so_priority_set, int so_priority) { if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0, test_fd) < 0) return -errno; return test_fd[0]; } int dhcp_network_bind_udp_socket(int ifindex, be32_t address, uint16_t port, int ip_service_type) { int fd; fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0); if (fd < 0) return -errno; return fd; } int dhcp_network_send_udp_socket(int s, be32_t address, uint16_t port, const void *packet, size_t len) { return 0; } static int test_discover_message_verify(size_t size, struct DHCPMessage *dhcp) { int res; res = dhcp_option_parse(dhcp, size, check_options, NULL, NULL); assert_se(res == DHCP_DISCOVER); if (verbose) log_info(" recv DHCP Discover 0x%08x", be32toh(dhcp->xid)); return 0; } static void test_discover_message(sd_event *e) { sd_dhcp_client *client; int res, r; if (verbose) log_info("* %s", __func__); r = sd_dhcp_client_new(&client, false); assert_se(r >= 0); assert_se(client); r = sd_dhcp_client_attach_event(client, e, 0); assert_se(r >= 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_ifindex(client, 42) >= 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_mac(client, hw_addr.bytes, bcast_addr.bytes, hw_addr.length, ARPHRD_ETHER) >= 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_request_option(client, 248) >= 0); callback_recv = test_discover_message_verify; res = sd_dhcp_client_start(client); assert_se(IN_SET(res, 0, -EINPROGRESS)); sd_event_run(e, UINT64_MAX); sd_dhcp_client_stop(client); sd_dhcp_client_unref(client); test_fd[1] = safe_close(test_fd[1]); callback_recv = NULL; } static uint8_t test_addr_acq_offer[] = { 0x45, 0x10, 0x01, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x11, 0xb3, 0x84, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0xbf, 0x00, 0x43, 0x00, 0x44, 0x01, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x06, 0x00, 0x6f, 0x95, 0x2f, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0xbf, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x63, 0x82, 0x53, 0x63, 0x35, 0x01, 0x02, 0x36, 0x04, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0x33, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x58, 0x01, 0x04, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x2a, 0x04, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x09, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x72, 0x61, 0x03, 0x04, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }; static uint8_t test_addr_acq_ack[] = { 0x45, 0x10, 0x01, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x11, 0xb3, 0x84, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0xbf, 0x00, 0x43, 0x00, 0x44, 0x01, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0xbf, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x63, 0x82, 0x53, 0x63, 0x35, 0x01, 0x05, 0x36, 0x04, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0x33, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x58, 0x01, 0x04, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x2a, 0x04, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x09, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x72, 0x61, 0x03, 0x04, 0xc0, 0xa8, 0x02, 0x01, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }; static int test_addr_acq_acquired(sd_dhcp_client *client, int event, void *userdata) { sd_event *e = userdata; sd_dhcp_lease *lease; struct in_addr addr; const struct in_addr *addrs; assert_se(client); assert_se(IN_SET(event, SD_DHCP_CLIENT_EVENT_IP_ACQUIRE, SD_DHCP_CLIENT_EVENT_SELECTING)); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_get_lease(client, &lease) >= 0); assert_se(lease); assert_se(sd_dhcp_lease_get_address(lease, &addr) >= 0); assert_se(memcmp(&addr.s_addr, &test_addr_acq_ack[44], sizeof(addr.s_addr)) == 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_lease_get_netmask(lease, &addr) >= 0); assert_se(memcmp(&addr.s_addr, &test_addr_acq_ack[285], sizeof(addr.s_addr)) == 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_lease_get_router(lease, &addrs) == 1); assert_se(memcmp(&addrs[0].s_addr, &test_addr_acq_ack[308], sizeof(addrs[0].s_addr)) == 0); if (verbose) log_info(" DHCP address acquired"); sd_event_exit(e, 0); return 0; } static int test_addr_acq_recv_request(size_t size, DHCPMessage *request) { uint16_t udp_check = 0; uint8_t *msg_bytes = (uint8_t *)request; int res; res = dhcp_option_parse(request, size, check_options, NULL, NULL); assert_se(res == DHCP_REQUEST); assert_se(xid == request->xid); assert_se(msg_bytes[size - 1] == SD_DHCP_OPTION_END); if (verbose) log_info(" recv DHCP Request 0x%08x", be32toh(xid)); memcpy(&test_addr_acq_ack[26], &udp_check, sizeof(udp_check)); memcpy(&test_addr_acq_ack[32], &xid, sizeof(xid)); memcpy(&test_addr_acq_ack[56], hw_addr.bytes, hw_addr.length); callback_recv = NULL; res = write(test_fd[1], test_addr_acq_ack, sizeof(test_addr_acq_ack)); assert_se(res == sizeof(test_addr_acq_ack)); if (verbose) log_info(" send DHCP Ack"); return 0; }; static int test_addr_acq_recv_discover(size_t size, DHCPMessage *discover) { uint16_t udp_check = 0; uint8_t *msg_bytes = (uint8_t *)discover; int res; res = dhcp_option_parse(discover, size, check_options, NULL, NULL); assert_se(res == DHCP_DISCOVER); assert_se(msg_bytes[size - 1] == SD_DHCP_OPTION_END); xid = discover->xid; if (verbose) log_info(" recv DHCP Discover 0x%08x", be32toh(xid)); memcpy(&test_addr_acq_offer[26], &udp_check, sizeof(udp_check)); memcpy(&test_addr_acq_offer[32], &xid, sizeof(xid)); memcpy(&test_addr_acq_offer[56], hw_addr.bytes, hw_addr.length); callback_recv = test_addr_acq_recv_request; res = write(test_fd[1], test_addr_acq_offer, sizeof(test_addr_acq_offer)); assert_se(res == sizeof(test_addr_acq_offer)); if (verbose) log_info(" sent DHCP Offer"); return 0; } static void test_addr_acq(sd_event *e) { sd_dhcp_client *client; int res, r; if (verbose) log_info("* %s", __func__); r = sd_dhcp_client_new(&client, false); assert_se(r >= 0); assert_se(client); r = sd_dhcp_client_attach_event(client, e, 0); assert_se(r >= 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_ifindex(client, 42) >= 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_mac(client, hw_addr.bytes, bcast_addr.bytes, hw_addr.length, ARPHRD_ETHER) >= 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_callback(client, test_addr_acq_acquired, e) >= 0); callback_recv = test_addr_acq_recv_discover; assert_se(sd_event_add_time_relative(e, NULL, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, 30 * USEC_PER_SEC, 0, NULL, INT_TO_PTR(-ETIMEDOUT)) >= 0); res = sd_dhcp_client_start(client); assert_se(IN_SET(res, 0, -EINPROGRESS)); assert_se(sd_event_loop(e) >= 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_set_callback(client, NULL, NULL) >= 0); assert_se(sd_dhcp_client_stop(client) >= 0); sd_dhcp_client_unref(client); test_fd[1] = safe_close(test_fd[1]); callback_recv = NULL; xid = 0; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { _cleanup_(sd_event_unrefp) sd_event *e; assert_se(setenv("SYSTEMD_NETWORK_TEST_MODE", "1", 1) >= 0); test_setup_logging(LOG_DEBUG); assert_se(sd_event_new(&e) >= 0); test_request_basic(e); test_request_anonymize(e); test_checksum(); test_dhcp_identifier_set_iaid(); test_discover_message(e); test_addr_acq(e); #if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H /* Make sure the async_close thread has finished. * valgrind would report some of the phread_* structures * as not cleaned up properly. */ if (RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND) sleep(1); #endif return 0; }