1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
|
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->
<refentry id="systemd-tmpfiles"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refentryinfo>
<title>systemd-tmpfiles</title>
<productname>systemd</productname>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles</refname>
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</refname>
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</refname>
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</refname>
<refname>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</refname>
<refpurpose>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile
and temporary files and directories</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>CONFIGFILE</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
<para>System units:
<literallayout><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</filename>
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</filename></literallayout></para>
<para>User units:
<literallayout><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</filename></literallayout></para>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> creates, deletes, and
cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories, based on
the configuration file format and location specified in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para>
<para>If invoked with no arguments, it applies all directives from all configuration
files. When invoked with <option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option>,
arguments specified on the command line are used instead of the configuration file
<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>. Otherwise, if one or more absolute filenames are
passed on the command line, only the directives in these files are applied. If
<literal>-</literal> is specified instead of a filename, directives are read from
standard input. If only the basename of a configuration file is specified, all
configuration directories as specified in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
are searched for a matching file and the file found that has the highest priority is
executed.</para>
<para>System services (<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>,
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</filename>,
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>) invoke <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> to create
system files and to perform system wide cleanup. Those services read administrator-controlled
configuration files in <filename>tmpfiles.d/</filename> directories. User services
(<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename>,
<filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename>) also invoke <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>, but
it reads a separate set of files, which includes user-controlled files under
<filename>~/.config/user-tmpfiles.d/</filename> and <filename>~/.local/share/user-tmpfiles.d/</filename>,
and administrator-controller files under <filename>/usr/share/user-tmpfiles.d/</filename>. Users may use
this to create and clean up files under their control, but the system instance performs global cleanup
and is not influenced by user configuration. Note that this means a time-based cleanup configured in the
system instance, such as the one typically configured for <filename>/tmp</filename>, will thus also
affect files created by the user instance if they are placed in <filename>/tmp</filename>, even if the
user instance's time-based cleanup is turned off.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Options</title>
<para>The following options are understood:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--create</option></term>
<listitem><para>If this option is passed, all files and
directories marked with
<varname>f</varname>,
<varname>F</varname>,
<varname>w</varname>,
<varname>d</varname>,
<varname>D</varname>,
<varname>v</varname>,
<varname>p</varname>,
<varname>L</varname>,
<varname>c</varname>,
<varname>b</varname>,
<varname>m</varname>
in the configuration files are created or written to. Files
and directories marked with
<varname>z</varname>,
<varname>Z</varname>,
<varname>t</varname>,
<varname>T</varname>,
<varname>a</varname>, and
<varname>A</varname> have their ownership, access mode and
security labels set.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--clean</option></term>
<listitem><para>If this option is passed, all files and
directories with an age parameter configured will be cleaned
up.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--remove</option></term>
<listitem><para>If this option is passed, the contents of
directories marked with <varname>D</varname> or
<varname>R</varname>, and files or directories themselves
marked with <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname> are
removed.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--user</option></term>
<listitem><para>Execute "user" configuration, i.e. <filename>tmpfiles.d</filename>
files in user configuration directories.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--boot</option></term>
<listitem><para>Also execute lines with an exclamation mark.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--prefix=<replaceable>path</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem><para>Only apply rules with paths that start with
the specified prefix. This option can be specified multiple
times.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--exclude-prefix=<replaceable>path</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem><para>Ignore rules with paths that start with the
specified prefix. This option can be specified multiple
times.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-E</option></term>
<listitem><para>A shortcut for <literal>--exclude-prefix=/dev --exclude-prefix=/proc
--exclude-prefix=/run --exclude-prefix=/sys</literal>, i.e. exclude the hierarchies typically backed
by virtual or memory file systems. This is useful in combination with <option>--root=</option>, if
the specified directory tree contains an OS tree without these virtual/memory file systems mounted
in, as it is typically not desirable to create any files and directories below these subdirectories
if they are supposed to be overmounted during runtime.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--root=<replaceable>root</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem><para>Takes a directory path as an argument. All paths will be prefixed with the given alternate
<replaceable>root</replaceable> path, including config search paths.</para>
<para>When this option is used, the libc Name Service Switch (NSS) is bypassed for resolving users
and groups. Instead the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename>
inside the alternate root are read directly. This means that users/groups not listed in these files
will not be resolved, i.e. LDAP NIS and other complex databases are not considered.</para>
<para>Consider combining this with <option>-E</option> to ensure the invocation does not create files
or directories below mount points in the OS image operated on that are typically overmounted during
runtime.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem><para>When this option is given, one ore more positional arguments
must be specified. All configuration files found in the directories listed in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
will be read, and the configuration given on the command line will be
handled instead of and with the same priority as the configuration file
<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>.</para>
<para>This option is intended to be used when package installation scripts
are running and files belonging to that package are not yet available on
disk, so their contents must be given on the command line, but the admin
configuration might already exist and should be given higher priority.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="cat-config" />
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
</variablelist>
<para>It is possible to combine <option>--create</option>, <option>--clean</option>, and <option>--remove</option>
in one invocation (in which case removal and cleanup are executed before creation of new files). For example,
during boot the following command line is executed to ensure that all temporary and volatile directories are
removed and created according to the configuration file:</para>
<programlisting>systemd-tmpfiles --remove --create</programlisting>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Unprivileged --cleanup operation</title>
<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> tries to avoid changing
the access and modification times on the directories it accesses,
which requires <constant>CAP_FOWNER</constant> privileges. When
running as non-root, directories which are checked for files to
clean up will have their access time bumped, which might prevent
their cleanup.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Exit status</title>
<para>On success, 0 is returned. If the configuration was syntactically invalid (syntax errors,
missing arguments, …), so some lines had to be ignored, but no other errors occurred,
<constant>65</constant> is returned (<constant>EX_DATAERR</constant> from
<filename>/usr/include/sysexits.h</filename>). If the configuration was syntactically valid, but
could not be executed (lack of permissions, creation of files in missing directories, invalid
contents when writing to <filename>/sys/</filename> values, …), <constant>73</constant> is
returned (<constant>EX_CANTCREAT</constant> from <filename>/usr/include/sysexits.h</filename>).
Otherwise, <constant>1</constant> is returned (<constant>EXIT_FAILURE</constant> from
<filename>/usr/include/stdlib.h</filename>).
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
|
