path: root/src/basic/utf8.c

/***
  This file is part of systemd.

  Copyright 2008-2011 Kay Sievers
  Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering

  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***/

/* Parts of this file are based on the GLIB utf8 validation functions. The
 * original license text follows. */

/* gutf8.c - Operations on UTF-8 strings.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1999 Tom Tromey
 * Copyright (C) 2000 Red Hat, Inc.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Library General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 */

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "alloc-util.h"
#include "hexdecoct.h"
#include "macro.h"
#include "utf8.h"

bool unichar_is_valid(char32_t ch) {

        if (ch >= 0x110000) /* End of unicode space */
                return false;
        if ((ch & 0xFFFFF800) == 0xD800) /* Reserved area for UTF-16 */
                return false;
        if ((ch >= 0xFDD0) && (ch <= 0xFDEF)) /* Reserved */
                return false;
        if ((ch & 0xFFFE) == 0xFFFE) /* BOM (Byte Order Mark) */
                return false;

        return true;
}

static bool unichar_is_control(char32_t ch) {

        /*
          0 to ' '-1 is the C0 range.
          DEL=0x7F, and DEL+1 to 0x9F is C1 range.
          '\t' is in C0 range, but more or less harmless and commonly used.
        */

        return (ch < ' ' && ch != '\t' && ch != '\n') ||
                (0x7F <= ch && ch <= 0x9F);
}

/* count of characters used to encode one unicode char */
static int utf8_encoded_expected_len(const char *str) {
        unsigned char c;

        assert(str);

        c = (unsigned char) str[0];
        if (c < 0x80)
                return 1;
        if ((c & 0xe0) == 0xc0)
                return 2;
        if ((c & 0xf0) == 0xe0)
                return 3;
        if ((c & 0xf8) == 0xf0)
                return 4;
        if ((c & 0xfc) == 0xf8)
                return 5;
        if ((c & 0xfe) == 0xfc)
                return 6;

        return 0;
}

/* decode one unicode char */
int utf8_encoded_to_unichar(const char *str, char32_t *ret_unichar) {
        char32_t unichar;
        int len, i;

        assert(str);

        len = utf8_encoded_expected_len(str);

        switch (len) {
        case 1:
                *ret_unichar = (char32_t)str[0];
                return 0;
        case 2:
                unichar = str[0] & 0x1f;
                break;
        case 3:
                unichar = (char32_t)str[0] & 0x0f;
                break;
        case 4:
                unichar = (char32_t)str[0] & 0x07;
                break;
        case 5:
                unichar = (char32_t)str[0] & 0x03;
                break;
        case 6:
                unichar = (char32_t)str[0] & 0x01;
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
                if (((char32_t)str[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80)
                        return -EINVAL;
                unichar <<= 6;
                unichar |= (char32_t)str[i] & 0x3f;
        }

        *ret_unichar = unichar;

        return 0;
}

bool utf8_is_printable_newline(const char* str, size_t length, bool newline) {
        const char *p;

        assert(str);

        for (p = str; length;) {
                int encoded_len, r;
                char32_t val;

                encoded_len = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(p);
                if (encoded_len < 0 ||
                    (size_t) encoded_len > length)
                        return false;

                r = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(p, &val);
                if (r < 0 ||
                    unichar_is_control(val) ||
                    (!newline && val == '\n'))
                        return false;

                length -= encoded_len;
                p += encoded_len;
        }

        return true;
}

const char *utf8_is_valid(const char *str) {
        const uint8_t *p;

        assert(str);

        for (p = (const uint8_t*) str; *p; ) {
                int len;

                len = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar((const char *)p);
                if (len < 0)
                        return NULL;

                p += len;
        }

        return str;
}

char *utf8_escape_invalid(const char *str) {
        char *p, *s;

        assert(str);

        p = s = malloc(strlen(str) * 4 + 1);
        if (!p)
                return NULL;

        while (*str) {
                int len;

                len = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(str);
                if (len > 0) {
                        s = mempcpy(s, str, len);
                        str += len;
                } else {
                        s = stpcpy(s, UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER);
                        str += 1;
                }
        }

        *s = '\0';

        return p;
}

char *utf8_escape_non_printable(const char *str) {
        char *p, *s;

        assert(str);

        p = s = malloc(strlen(str) * 4 + 1);
        if (!p)
                return NULL;

        while (*str) {
                int len;

                len = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(str);
                if (len > 0) {
                        if (utf8_is_printable(str, len)) {
                                s = mempcpy(s, str, len);
                                str += len;
                        } else {
                                while (len > 0) {
                                        *(s++) = '\\';
                                        *(s++) = 'x';
                                        *(s++) = hexchar((int) *str >> 4);
                                        *(s++) = hexchar((int) *str);

                                        str += 1;
                                        len--;
                                }
                        }
                } else {
                        s = stpcpy(s, UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER);
                        str += 1;
                }
        }

        *s = '\0';

        return p;
}

char *ascii_is_valid(const char *str) {
        const char *p;

        assert(str);

        for (p = str; *p; p++)
                if ((unsigned char) *p >= 128)
                        return NULL;

        return (char*) str;
}

/**
 * utf8_encode_unichar() - Encode single UCS-4 character as UTF-8
 * @out_utf8: output buffer of at least 4 bytes or NULL
 * @g: UCS-4 character to encode
 *
 * This encodes a single UCS-4 character as UTF-8 and writes it into @out_utf8.
 * The length of the character is returned. It is not zero-terminated! If the
 * output buffer is NULL, only the length is returned.
 *
 * Returns: The length in bytes that the UTF-8 representation does or would
 *          occupy.
 */
size_t utf8_encode_unichar(char *out_utf8, char32_t g) {

        if (g < (1 << 7)) {
                if (out_utf8)
                        out_utf8[0] = g & 0x7f;
                return 1;
        } else if (g < (1 << 11)) {
                if (out_utf8) {
                        out_utf8[0] = 0xc0 | ((g >> 6) & 0x1f);
                        out_utf8[1] = 0x80 | (g & 0x3f);
                }
                return 2;
        } else if (g < (1 << 16)) {
                if (out_utf8) {
                        out_utf8[0] = 0xe0 | ((g >> 12) & 0x0f);
                        out_utf8[1] = 0x80 | ((g >> 6) & 0x3f);
                        out_utf8[2] = 0x80 | (g & 0x3f);
                }
                return 3;
        } else if (g < (1 << 21)) {
                if (out_utf8) {
                        out_utf8[0] = 0xf0 | ((g >> 18) & 0x07);
                        out_utf8[1] = 0x80 | ((g >> 12) & 0x3f);
                        out_utf8[2] = 0x80 | ((g >> 6) & 0x3f);
                        out_utf8[3] = 0x80 | (g & 0x3f);
                }
                return 4;
        }

        return 0;
}

char *utf16_to_utf8(const void *s, size_t length) {
        const uint8_t *f;
        char *r, *t;

        r = new(char, (length * 4 + 1) / 2 + 1);
        if (!r)
                return NULL;

        f = s;
        t = r;

        while (f < (const uint8_t*) s + length) {
                char16_t w1, w2;

                /* see RFC 2781 section 2.2 */

                w1 = f[1] << 8 | f[0];
                f += 2;

                if (!utf16_is_surrogate(w1)) {
                        t += utf8_encode_unichar(t, w1);

                        continue;
                }

                if (utf16_is_trailing_surrogate(w1))
                        continue;
                else if (f >= (const uint8_t*) s + length)
                        break;

                w2 = f[1] << 8 | f[0];
                f += 2;

                if (!utf16_is_trailing_surrogate(w2)) {
                        f -= 2;
                        continue;
                }

                t += utf8_encode_unichar(t, utf16_surrogate_pair_to_unichar(w1, w2));
        }

        *t = 0;
        return r;
}

/* expected size used to encode one unicode char */
static int utf8_unichar_to_encoded_len(char32_t unichar) {

        if (unichar < 0x80)
                return 1;
        if (unichar < 0x800)
                return 2;
        if (unichar < 0x10000)
                return 3;
        if (unichar < 0x200000)
                return 4;
        if (unichar < 0x4000000)
                return 5;

        return 6;
}

/* validate one encoded unicode char and return its length */
int utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(const char *str) {
        int len, i, r;
        char32_t unichar;

        assert(str);

        len = utf8_encoded_expected_len(str);
        if (len == 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* ascii is valid */
        if (len == 1)
                return 1;

        /* check if expected encoded chars are available */
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
                if ((str[i] & 0x80) != 0x80)
                        return -EINVAL;

        r = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(str, &unichar);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        /* check if encoded length matches encoded value */
        if (utf8_unichar_to_encoded_len(unichar) != len)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* check if value has valid range */
        if (!unichar_is_valid(unichar))
                return -EINVAL;

        return len;
}