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| author | Yoshiki Hayashi <yoshiki@apache.org> | 2002-07-12 13:16:16 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Yoshiki Hayashi <yoshiki@apache.org> | 2002-07-12 13:16:16 +0200 |
| commit | 20b9683327326c2f563e29a8011af85459ba83b2 (patch) | |
| tree | 417fe00284eb5295b65eecd29cfe103b39d4ecb3 | |
| parent | Correct a markup error. (diff) | |
| download | apache2-20b9683327326c2f563e29a8011af85459ba83b2.tar.xz apache2-20b9683327326c2f563e29a8011af85459ba83b2.zip | |
New Japanese translation.
Submitted by: Hiroaki KAWAI <hawk@bcl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
Reviewed by: Yoshiki Hayashi
git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@96025 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/manual/content-negotiation.html | 622 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/manual/content-negotiation.html.ja.jis | 659 |
2 files changed, 659 insertions, 622 deletions
diff --git a/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html b/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html deleted file mode 100644 index 0f4e03ce31..0000000000 --- a/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,622 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> - -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> - <head> - <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /> - - <title>Apache Content Negotiation</title> - </head> - <!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) --> - - <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" - vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000"> - <!--#include virtual="header.html" --> - - <h1 align="CENTER">Content Negotiation</h1> - - <p>Apache's supports content negotiation as described in - the HTTP/1.1 specification. It can choose the best - representation of a resource based on the browser-supplied - preferences for media type, languages, character set and - encoding. It also implements a couple of features to give - more intelligent handling of requests from browsers that send - incomplete negotiation information.</p> - - <p>Content negotiation is provided by the <a - href="mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a> module, - which is compiled in by default.</p> - <hr /> - - <h2>About Content Negotiation</h2> - - <p>A resource may be available in several different - representations. For example, it might be available in - different languages or different media types, or a combination. - One way of selecting the most appropriate choice is to give the - user an index page, and let them select. However it is often - possible for the server to choose automatically. This works - because browsers can send as part of each request information - about what representations they prefer. For example, a browser - could indicate that it would like to see information in French, - if possible, else English will do. Browsers indicate their - preferences by headers in the request. To request only French - representations, the browser would send</p> -<pre> - Accept-Language: fr -</pre> - - <p>Note that this preference will only be applied when there is - a choice of representations and they vary by language.</p> - - <p>As an example of a more complex request, this browser has - been configured to accept French and English, but prefer - French, and to accept various media types, preferring HTML over - plain text or other text types, and preferring GIF or JPEG over - other media types, but also allowing any other media type as a - last resort:</p> -<pre> - Accept-Language: fr; q=1.0, en; q=0.5 - Accept: text/html; q=1.0, text/*; q=0.8, image/gif; q=0.6, - image/jpeg; q=0.6, image/*; q=0.5, */*; q=0.1 -</pre> - Apache supports 'server driven' content negotiation, as - defined in the HTTP/1.1 specification. It fully supports the - Accept, Accept-Language, Accept-Charset and Accept-Encoding - request headers. Apache also supports 'transparent' - content negotiation, which is an experimental negotiation - protocol defined in RFC 2295 and RFC 2296. It does not offer - support for 'feature negotiation' as defined in these RFCs. - - <p>A <strong>resource</strong> is a conceptual entity - identified by a URI (RFC 2396). An HTTP server like Apache - provides access to <strong>representations</strong> of the - resource(s) within its namespace, with each representation in - the form of a sequence of bytes with a defined media type, - character set, encoding, etc. Each resource may be associated - with zero, one, or more than one representation at any given - time. If multiple representations are available, the resource - is referred to as <strong>negotiable</strong> and each of its - representations is termed a <strong>variant</strong>. The ways - in which the variants for a negotiable resource vary are called - the <strong>dimensions</strong> of negotiation.</p> - - <h2>Negotiation in Apache</h2> - - <p>In order to negotiate a resource, the server needs to be - given information about each of the variants. This is done in - one of two ways:</p> - - <ul> - <li>Using a type map (<em>i.e.</em>, a <code>*.var</code> - file) which names the files containing the variants - explicitly, or</li> - - <li>Using a 'MultiViews' search, where the server does an - implicit filename pattern match and chooses from among the - results.</li> - </ul> - - <h3>Using a type-map file</h3> - - <p>A type map is a document which is associated with the - handler named <code>type-map</code> (or, for - backwards-compatibility with older Apache configurations, the - mime type <code>application/x-type-map</code>). Note that to - use this feature, you must have a handler set in the - configuration that defines a file suffix as - <code>type-map</code>; this is best done with a</p> -<pre> - AddHandler type-map .var -</pre> - in the server configuration file. - - <p>Type map files should have the same name as the resource - which they are describing, and have an entry for each available - variant; these entries consist of contiguous HTTP-format header - lines. Entries for different variants are separated by blank - lines. Blank lines are illegal within an entry. It is - conventional to begin a map file with an entry for the combined - entity as a whole (although this is not required, and if - present will be ignored). An example map file is shown below. - This file would be named <code>foo.var</code>, as it describes - a resource named <code>foo</code>.</p> -<pre> - URI: foo - - URI: foo.en.html - Content-type: text/html - Content-language: en - - URI: foo.fr.de.html - Content-type: text/html;charset=iso-8859-2 - Content-language: fr, de -</pre> - Note also that a typemap file will take precedence over the - filename's extension, even when Multiviews is on. If the - variants have different source qualities, that may be indicated - by the "qs" parameter to the media type, as in this picture - (available as jpeg, gif, or ASCII-art): -<pre> - URI: foo - - URI: foo.jpeg - Content-type: image/jpeg; qs=0.8 - - URI: foo.gif - Content-type: image/gif; qs=0.5 - - URI: foo.txt - Content-type: text/plain; qs=0.01 -</pre> - - <p>qs values can vary in the range 0.000 to 1.000. Note that - any variant with a qs value of 0.000 will never be chosen. - Variants with no 'qs' parameter value are given a qs factor of - 1.0. The qs parameter indicates the relative 'quality' of this - variant compared to the other available variants, independent - of the client's capabilities. For example, a jpeg file is - usually of higher source quality than an ascii file if it is - attempting to represent a photograph. However, if the resource - being represented is an original ascii art, then an ascii - representation would have a higher source quality than a jpeg - representation. A qs value is therefore specific to a given - variant depending on the nature of the resource it - represents.</p> - - <p>The full list of headers recognized is available in the <a - href="mod/mod_negotiation.html#typemaps">mod_negotation</a> - documentation.</p> - - - <h3>Multiviews</h3> - - <p><code>MultiViews</code> is a per-directory option, meaning - it can be set with an <code>Options</code> directive within a - <code><Directory></code>, <code><Location></code> - or <code><Files></code> section in - <code>access.conf</code>, or (if <code>AllowOverride</code> is - properly set) in <code>.htaccess</code> files. Note that - <code>Options All</code> does not set <code>MultiViews</code>; - you have to ask for it by name.</p> - - <p>The effect of <code>MultiViews</code> is as follows: if the - server receives a request for <code>/some/dir/foo</code>, if - <code>/some/dir</code> has <code>MultiViews</code> enabled, and - <code>/some/dir/foo</code> does <em>not</em> exist, then the - server reads the directory looking for files named foo.*, and - effectively fakes up a type map which names all those files, - assigning them the same media types and content-encodings it - would have if the client had asked for one of them by name. It - then chooses the best match to the client's requirements.</p> - - <p><code>MultiViews</code> may also apply to searches for the - file named by the <code>DirectoryIndex</code> directive, if the - server is trying to index a directory. If the configuration - files specify</p> -<pre> - DirectoryIndex index -</pre> - then the server will arbitrate between <code>index.html</code> - and <code>index.html3</code> if both are present. If neither - are present, and <code>index.cgi</code> is there, the server - will run it. - - <p>If one of the files found when reading the directory does not - have an extension recognized by <code>mod_mime</code> to designate - its Charset, Content-Type, Language, or Encoding, then the result - depends on the setting of the <a - href="mod/mod_mime.html#multiviewsmatch">MultiViewsMatch</a> - directive. This directive determines whether handlers, filters, - and other extension types can participate in MultiViews - negotiation.</p> - - <h2>The Negotiation Methods</h2> - After Apache has obtained a list of the variants for a given - resource, either from a type-map file or from the filenames in - the directory, it invokes one of two methods to decide on the - 'best' variant to return, if any. It is not necessary to know - any of the details of how negotiation actually takes place in - order to use Apache's content negotiation features. However the - rest of this document explains the methods used for those - interested. - - <p>There are two negotiation methods:</p> - - <ol> - <li><strong>Server driven negotiation with the Apache - algorithm</strong> is used in the normal case. The Apache - algorithm is explained in more detail below. When this - algorithm is used, Apache can sometimes 'fiddle' the quality - factor of a particular dimension to achieve a better result. - The ways Apache can fiddle quality factors is explained in - more detail below.</li> - - <li><strong>Transparent content negotiation</strong> is used - when the browser specifically requests this through the - mechanism defined in RFC 2295. This negotiation method gives - the browser full control over deciding on the 'best' variant, - the result is therefore dependent on the specific algorithms - used by the browser. As part of the transparent negotiation - process, the browser can ask Apache to run the 'remote - variant selection algorithm' defined in RFC 2296.</li> - </ol> - - <h3>Dimensions of Negotiation</h3> - - <table> - <tr valign="top"> - <th>Dimension</th> - - <th>Notes</th> - </tr> - - <tr valign="top"> - <td>Media Type</td> - - <td>Browser indicates preferences with the Accept header - field. Each item can have an associated quality factor. - Variant description can also have a quality factor (the - "qs" parameter).</td> - </tr> - - <tr valign="top"> - <td>Language</td> - - <td>Browser indicates preferences with the Accept-Language - header field. Each item can have a quality factor. Variants - can be associated with none, one or more than one - language.</td> - </tr> - - <tr valign="top"> - <td>Encoding</td> - - <td>Browser indicates preference with the Accept-Encoding - header field. Each item can have a quality factor.</td> - </tr> - - <tr valign="top"> - <td>Charset</td> - - <td>Browser indicates preference with the Accept-Charset - header field. Each item can have a quality factor. Variants - can indicate a charset as a parameter of the media - type.</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <h3>Apache Negotiation Algorithm</h3> - - <p>Apache can use the following algorithm to select the 'best' - variant (if any) to return to the browser. This algorithm is - not further configurable. It operates as follows:</p> - - <ol> - <li>First, for each dimension of the negotiation, check the - appropriate <em>Accept*</em> header field and assign a - quality to each variant. If the <em>Accept*</em> header for - any dimension implies that this variant is not acceptable, - eliminate it. If no variants remain, go to step 4.</li> - - <li> - Select the 'best' variant by a process of elimination. Each - of the following tests is applied in order. Any variants - not selected at each test are eliminated. After each test, - if only one variant remains, select it as the best match - and proceed to step 3. If more than one variant remains, - move on to the next test. - - <ol> - <li>Multiply the quality factor from the Accept header - with the quality-of-source factor for this variant's - media type, and select the variants with the highest - value.</li> - - <li>Select the variants with the highest language quality - factor.</li> - - <li>Select the variants with the best language match, - using either the order of languages in the - Accept-Language header (if present), or else the order of - languages in the <code>LanguagePriority</code> directive - (if present).</li> - - <li>Select the variants with the highest 'level' media - parameter (used to give the version of text/html media - types).</li> - - <li>Select variants with the best charset media - parameters, as given on the Accept-Charset header line. - Charset ISO-8859-1 is acceptable unless explicitly - excluded. Variants with a <code>text/*</code> media type - but not explicitly associated with a particular charset - are assumed to be in ISO-8859-1.</li> - - <li>Select those variants which have associated charset - media parameters that are <em>not</em> ISO-8859-1. If - there are no such variants, select all variants - instead.</li> - - <li>Select the variants with the best encoding. If there - are variants with an encoding that is acceptable to the - user-agent, select only these variants. Otherwise if - there is a mix of encoded and non-encoded variants, - select only the unencoded variants. If either all - variants are encoded or all variants are not encoded, - select all variants.</li> - - <li>Select the variants with the smallest content - length.</li> - - <li>Select the first variant of those remaining. This - will be either the first listed in the type-map file, or - when variants are read from the directory, the one whose - file name comes first when sorted using ASCII code - order.</li> - </ol> - </li> - - <li>The algorithm has now selected one 'best' variant, so - return it as the response. The HTTP response header Vary is - set to indicate the dimensions of negotiation (browsers and - caches can use this information when caching the resource). - End.</li> - - <li>To get here means no variant was selected (because none - are acceptable to the browser). Return a 406 status (meaning - "No acceptable representation") with a response body - consisting of an HTML document listing the available - variants. Also set the HTTP Vary header to indicate the - dimensions of variance.</li> - </ol> - - <h2><a id="better" name="better">Fiddling with Quality - Values</a></h2> - - <p>Apache sometimes changes the quality values from what would - be expected by a strict interpretation of the Apache - negotiation algorithm above. This is to get a better result - from the algorithm for browsers which do not send full or - accurate information. Some of the most popular browsers send - Accept header information which would otherwise result in the - selection of the wrong variant in many cases. If a browser - sends full and correct information these fiddles will not be - applied.</p> - - <h3>Media Types and Wildcards</h3> - - <p>The Accept: request header indicates preferences for media - types. It can also include 'wildcard' media types, such as - "image/*" or "*/*" where the * matches any string. So a request - including:</p> -<pre> - Accept: image/*, */* -</pre> - would indicate that any type starting "image/" is acceptable, - as is any other type (so the first "image/*" is redundant). - Some browsers routinely send wildcards in addition to explicit - types they can handle. For example: -<pre> - Accept: text/html, text/plain, image/gif, image/jpeg, */* -</pre> - The intention of this is to indicate that the explicitly listed - types are preferred, but if a different representation is - available, that is ok too. However under the basic algorithm, - as given above, the */* wildcard has exactly equal preference - to all the other types, so they are not being preferred. The - browser should really have sent a request with a lower quality - (preference) value for *.*, such as: -<pre> - Accept: text/html, text/plain, image/gif, image/jpeg, */*; q=0.01 -</pre> - The explicit types have no quality factor, so they default to a - preference of 1.0 (the highest). The wildcard */* is given a - low preference of 0.01, so other types will only be returned if - no variant matches an explicitly listed type. - - <p>If the Accept: header contains <em>no</em> q factors at all, - Apache sets the q value of "*/*", if present, to 0.01 to - emulate the desired behavior. It also sets the q value of - wildcards of the format "type/*" to 0.02 (so these are - preferred over matches against "*/*". If any media type on the - Accept: header contains a q factor, these special values are - <em>not</em> applied, so requests from browsers which send the - correct information to start with work as expected.</p> - - <h3>Language Negotiation Exceptions</h3> - - <p>New in Apache 2.0, some exceptions have been added to the - negotiation algorithm to allow graceful fallback when language - negotiation fails to find a match.</p> - - <p>When a client requests a page on your server, but the server - cannot find a single page that matches the Accept-language sent by - the browser, the server will return either a "No Acceptable - Variant" or "Multiple Choices" response to the client. To avoid - these error messages, it is possible to configure Apache to ignore - the Accept-language in these cases and provide a document that - does not explictly match the client's request. The <a - href="mod/mod_negotiation.html#forcelanguagepriority">ForceLanguagePriority</a> - directive can be used to override one or both of these error - messages and subsitute the servers judgement in the form of the <a - href="mod/mod_negotiation.html#languagepriority">LanguagePriority</a> - directive.</p> - - <p>The server will also attempt to match language-subsets when no - other match can be found. For example, if a client requests - documents with the language <code>en-GB</code> for British - English, the server is not normally allowed by the HTTP/1.1 - standard to match that against a document that is marked as simply - <code>en</code>. (Note that it is almost surely a configuration - error to include <code>en-GB</code> and not <code>en</code> in the - Accept-Language header, since it is very unlikely that a reader - understands British English, but doesn't understand English in - general. Unfortunately, many current clients have default - configurations that resemble this.) However, if no other language - match is possible and the server is about to return a "No - Acceptable Variants" error or fallback to the - <code>LanguagePriority</code>, the server will ignore the subset - specification and match <code>en-GB</code> against <code>en</code> - documents. Implicitly, Apache will add the parent language to - the client's acceptable language list with a very low quality - value. But note that if the client requests "en-GB; qs=0.9, fr; - qs=0.8", and the server has documents designated "en" and "fr", - then the "fr" document will be returned. This is necessary to - maintain compliance with the HTTP/1.1 specification and to work - effectively with properly configured clients.</p> - - - <h2>Extensions to Transparent Content Negotiation</h2> - Apache extends the transparent content negotiation protocol - (RFC 2295) as follows. A new <code>{encoding ..}</code> element - is used in variant lists to label variants which are available - with a specific content-encoding only. The implementation of - the RVSA/1.0 algorithm (RFC 2296) is extended to recognize - encoded variants in the list, and to use them as candidate - variants whenever their encodings are acceptable according to - the Accept-Encoding request header. The RVSA/1.0 implementation - does not round computed quality factors to 5 decimal places - before choosing the best variant. - - <h2>Note on hyperlinks and naming conventions</h2> - - <p>If you are using language negotiation you can choose between - different naming conventions, because files can have more than - one extension, and the order of the extensions is normally - irrelevant (see the <a - href="mod/mod_mime.html#multipleext">mod_mime</a> documentation - for details).</p> - - <p>A typical file has a MIME-type extension (<em>e.g.</em>, - <samp>html</samp>), maybe an encoding extension (<em>e.g.</em>, - <samp>gz</samp>), and of course a language extension - (<em>e.g.</em>, <samp>en</samp>) when we have different - language variants of this file.</p> - - <p>Examples:</p> - - <ul> - <li>foo.en.html</li> - - <li>foo.html.en</li> - - <li>foo.en.html.gz</li> - </ul> - - <p>Here some more examples of filenames together with valid and - invalid hyperlinks:</p> - - <table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0"> - <tr> - <th>Filename</th> - - <th>Valid hyperlink</th> - - <th>Invalid hyperlink</th> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td><em>foo.html.en</em></td> - - <td>foo<br /> - foo.html</td> - - <td>-</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td><em>foo.en.html</em></td> - - <td>foo</td> - - <td>foo.html</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td><em>foo.html.en.gz</em></td> - - <td>foo<br /> - foo.html</td> - - <td>foo.gz<br /> - foo.html.gz</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td><em>foo.en.html.gz</em></td> - - <td>foo</td> - - <td>foo.html<br /> - foo.html.gz<br /> - foo.gz</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td><em>foo.gz.html.en</em></td> - - <td>foo<br /> - foo.gz<br /> - foo.gz.html</td> - - <td>foo.html</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td><em>foo.html.gz.en</em></td> - - <td>foo<br /> - foo.html<br /> - foo.html.gz</td> - - <td>foo.gz</td> - </tr> - </table> - - <p>Looking at the table above you will notice that it is always - possible to use the name without any extensions in an hyperlink - (<em>e.g.</em>, <samp>foo</samp>). The advantage is that you - can hide the actual type of a document rsp. file and can change - it later, <em>e.g.</em>, from <samp>html</samp> to - <samp>shtml</samp> or <samp>cgi</samp> without changing any - hyperlink references.</p> - - <p>If you want to continue to use a MIME-type in your - hyperlinks (<em>e.g.</em> <samp>foo.html</samp>) the language - extension (including an encoding extension if there is one) - must be on the right hand side of the MIME-type extension - (<em>e.g.</em>, <samp>foo.html.en</samp>).</p> - - <h2>Note on Caching</h2> - - <p>When a cache stores a representation, it associates it with - the request URL. The next time that URL is requested, the cache - can use the stored representation. But, if the resource is - negotiable at the server, this might result in only the first - requested variant being cached and subsequent cache hits might - return the wrong response. To prevent this, Apache normally - marks all responses that are returned after content negotiation - as non-cacheable by HTTP/1.0 clients. Apache also supports the - HTTP/1.1 protocol features to allow caching of negotiated - responses.</p> - - <p>For requests which come from a HTTP/1.0 compliant client - (either a browser or a cache), the directive - <tt>CacheNegotiatedDocs</tt> can be used to allow caching of - responses which were subject to negotiation. This directive can - be given in the server config or virtual host, and takes no - arguments. It has no effect on requests from HTTP/1.1 clients. - - <h2>More Information</h2> - - <p>For more information about content negotiation, see Alan - J. Flavell's <a - href="http://ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/~flavell/www/lang-neg.html">Language - Negotiation Notes</a>. But note that this document may not be - updated to include changes in Apache 2.0.</p> - - <!--#include virtual="footer.html" --> - </body> -</html> - diff --git a/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html.ja.jis b/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html.ja.jis new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f861f592f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/content-negotiation.html.ja.jis @@ -0,0 +1,659 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-2022-jp"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + + <title>Apache $B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s(B</title> + </head> + <!-- English revision: 1.30 --> + <!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) --> + + <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" + vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000"> + <!--#include virtual="header.html" --> + + <h1 align="center">$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s(B</h1> + + <p>Apache $B$O(B HTTP/1.1 $B$N5,3J$K5-=R$5$l$F$$$k%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$r(B + $B%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9!#(B + $B%V%i%&%6$K$h$jDs6!$5$l$?%a%G%#%"%?%$%W!"(B + $B8@8l!"J8;z%;%C%H!"%(%s%3!<%G%#%s%0$NM%@h798~$K4p$E$$$F!"(B + $B:GE,$J%j%=!<%9$NI=8=$rA*Br$G$-$^$9!#(B + $B$^$?!"IT40A4$J%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s>pJs$rAw$C$F$/$k%V%i%&%6$+$i$N%j%/%(%9%H$r(B + $B$b$C$H8-$/<h$j07$($k$h$&!"$$$/$D$+5!G=$b<BAu$7$F$"$j$^$9!#(B</p> + + <p>$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$O(B <a + href="mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a> + $B%b%8%e!<%k$K$h$j(B + $BDs6!$5$l$F$$$F!"%G%U%)%k%H$GAH$_9~$^$l$F$$$^$9!#(B</p> + <hr /> + + <h2>$B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$K$D$$$F(B</h2> + + <p>$B%j%=!<%9$O!"4v$D$+0[$J$C$?I=8=$GMxMQ$G$-$k>l9g$,$"$j$^$9!#(B + $BNc$($P!"0[$J$k8@8l$d0[$J$k%a%G%#%"%?%$%W!"(B + $B$^$?$O$=$l$i$NAH$_9g$o$;$GMxMQ$G$-$k$+$bCN$l$^$;$s!#(B + $B$b$C$H$bE,$7$?A*Br$r$9$kJ}K!$N0l$D$K$O!"%$%s%G%C%/%9%Z!<%8$r(B + $B%f!<%6$K8+$;$F!"%f!<%6$KA*$s$G$b$i$&J}K!$,$"$j$^$9!#(B + $B$7$+$7!"%5!<%P$,<+F0E*$KA*$V$3$H$,$G$-$k>l9g$,B?$/$"$j$^$9!#(B + $B$3$l$O!"%V%i%&%6$,%j%/%(%9%H>pJsKh$N>pJs$N0lIt$K!"(B + $B$I$NI=8=$rSO9%$9$k$+$rAw$k$3$H$GF0:n$7$F$$$^$9!#(B + $BNc$($P%V%i%&%6$O!"2DG=$J$i%U%i%s%98l$G>pJs$r8+$?$$!"(B + $BIT2DG=$J$i$=$NBe$o$j$K1Q8l$G$b$h$$$H!"(B + $B<+J,$NSO9%$rCN$i$;$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B + $B%V%i%&%6$O%j%/%(%9%H$N%X%C%@$G<+J,$NM%@h798~$rCN$i$;$^$9!#(B + $B%U%i%s%98l$N$_$NI=8=$rMW5a$9$k>l9g$O!"%V%i%&%6$O<!$rAw$j$^$9!#(B</p> +<pre> + Accept-Language: fr +</pre> + + <p>$B$3$NM%@h798~$O!"A*Br2DG=$JI=8=$,B8:_$7$F!"(B + $B8@8l$K$h$C$FMM!9$JI=8=$,$"$k>l9g$K$N$_E,MQ$5$l$k(B + $B$H$$$&$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B</p> + + <p>$B$b$C$HJ#;($J%j%/%(%9%H$NNc$r5s$2$^$7$g$&!#(B + $B$3$N%V%i%&%6$O%U%i%s%98l$H1Q8l$r<u$1IU$1$k!"$7$+$7%U%i%s%98l$r9%$`!"(B + $B$=$7$FMM!9$J%a%G%#%"%?%$%W$r<u$1IU$1$k$,!"(B + $B%W%l%$%s%F%-%9%H$dB>$N%?%$%W$h$j$O(B HTML $B$r9%$`!"(B + $BB>$N%a%G%#%"%?%$%W$h$j$O(B GIF $B$d(B JPEG $B$r9%$`!"$7$+$7:G=*<jCJ$H$7$F(B + $BB>$N%a%G%#%"%?%$%W$b<u$1IU$1$k!"$H@_Dj$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B</p> +<pre> + Accept-Language: fr; q=1.0, en; q=0.5 + Accept: text/html; q=1.0, text/*; q=0.8, image/gif; q=0.6, + image/jpeg; q=0.6, image/*; q=0.5, */*; q=0.1 +</pre> + Apache $B$O(B HTTP/1.1 $B5,3J$GDj5A$5$l$F$$$k(B 'server + driven' $B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9!#(B + Accept, Accept-Language, Accept-Charset, Accept-Encoding + $B%j%/%(%9%H%X%C%@$r40A4$K%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9!#(BApache $B$O(B + 'transparent' $B%3%s%F%s%H%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$b%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9$,!"(B + $B$3$l$O(B RFC 2295 $B$H(B RFC 2296 $B$GDj5A$5$l$F$$$k<B83E*$J(B + $B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s%W%m%H%3%k$G$9!#(B + $B$3$l$i$N(B RFC$B$GDj5A$5$l$F$$$k(B 'feature negotiation' + $B$O%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$;$s!#(B + + <p><strong>$B%j%=!<%9(B</strong>$B$H$O(B URI + $B$GFCDj$5$l$k35G0>e$N$b$N$N$3$H$G$9(B (RFC 2396)$B!#(B Apache + $B$N$h$&$J(B HTTP $B%5!<%P$O!"$=$NL>A06u4V$NCf$G$N(B + $B%j%=!<%9$N(B<strong>$BI=8=(B</strong>$B$X$N%"%/%;%9$rDs6!$7$^$9!#(B + $B$=$l$>$l$NI=8=$O(B + $BDj5A$5$l$?%a%G%#%"%?%$%W!"J8;z%;%C%H!"%(%s%3!<%G%#%s%0Ey$N(B + $BIUB0$7$?!"%P%$%HNs$N7A<0$G$9!#(B + $B$=$l$>$l$N%j%=!<%9$O$"$k;~E@$G(B 0 $B8D!"(B1 $B8D!"$=$l0J>e$NI=8=$H(B + $B4XO"IU$1$i$l$k2DG=@-$,$"$j$^$9!#J#?t$NI=8=$,MxMQ$G$-$k>l9g$O!"(B + $B%j%=!<%9$O(B<strong>$B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s2DG=$G$"$k(B</strong>$B$H$5$l!"(B + $B8D!9$NI=8=$O(B <strong>variant</strong> $B$H8F$P$l$^$9!#(B + $B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s2DG=$J%j%=!<%9$N(B variant $B$,0[$J$k!"(B + $B$=$N>uBV$r;X$7$F!"(B + $B%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$N(B<strong>$B<!85(B</strong>$B$H8F$S$^$9!#(B</p> + + <h2>Apache $B$K$*$1$k%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s(B</h2> + + <p>$B%j%=!<%9$r%M%4%7%(!<%7%g%s$9$k$?$a$K$O!"(B + $B%5!<%P$O(B variant $B$=$l$>$l$K$D$$$F$N>pJs$rCN$C$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B + $B$3$l$O0J2<$NFs$D$NJ}K!$N$I$A$i$+$G9T$o$l$^$9!#(B</p> + + <ul> + <li>$B%?%$%W%^%C%W(B + (<em>$B$9$J$o$A(B</em> <code>*.var</code> $B%U%!%$%k(B) + $B$r;H$&J}K!!#(B $B$3$l$O(B variant + $B$rL@<(E*$K5s$2$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$r;XDj$7$^$9!#(B</li> + + <li>'Multiviews' + $B$r;H$C$F!"%5!<%P$,0EL[$NFb$K%U%!%$%kL>$K%Q%?!<%s>H9g$r(B + $B9T$J$C$F$=$N7k2L$+$iA*Br$9$kJ}K!!#(B</li> + </ul> + + <h3>type-map $B%U%!%$%k$r;H$&(B</h3> + + <p>$B%?%$%W%^%C%W$O(B <code>type-map</code> $B%O%s%I%i(B + ($B$b$7$/$O!"8E$$(B Apache + $B$N@_Dj$H2<0L8_49$G$"$k(B mime $B%?%$%W(B + <code>application/x-type-map</code>) + $B$K4XO"IU$1$i$l$?%I%-%e%a%s%H$G$9!#(B + $B$3$N5!G=$r;H$&$?$a$K$O!"$"$k%U%!%$%k$N3HD%;R$r(B + <code>type-map</code> + $B$H$7$FDj5A$9$k$h$&$J%O%s%I%i$r!"(B + $B@_Dj%U%!%$%kCf$KCV$/I,MW$,$"$k$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B + $B$3$l$O(B</p> +<pre> + AddHandler type-map .var +</pre> + $B$r%5!<%P@_Dj%U%!%$%kCf$K=q$/$3$H$,0lHVNI$$J}K!$G$9!#(B + + <p>$B%?%$%W%^%C%W%U%!%$%k$O5-=R$9$k%j%=!<%9$HF1$8L>A0$r;}$C$F$$$F!"(B + $BMxMQ2DG=$J(B variant $B$=$l$>$l$N%(%s%H%j$r;}$C$F$$$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B + $B$=$7$F!"$3$N%(%s%H%j$OO"B3$7$?(B HTTP $B$N%X%C%@9T$G9=@.$5$l$^$9!#(B + $B0[$J$k(B variant $B$N$?$a$N%(%s%H%j$O6u9T$G6h@Z$i$l$F$$$^$9!#(B + $B%(%s%H%jCf$K6u9T$,J#?t$"$C$F$O$$$1$^$;$s!#(B + $B=,47E*$K$O!"%^%C%W%U%!%$%k$OA4BN$r7k9g$7$?$b$N$N%(%s%H%j$+$i;O$^$j$^$9(B + ($B$7$+$7$3$l$OI,?\$G$O$J$/!"$"$C$?$H$7$F$bL5;k$5$l$k$b$N$G$9(B)$B!#(B + $B<!$KNc$r<($7$^$9!#$3$N%U%!%$%k$O%j%=!<%9(B <code>foo</code> + $B$r5-=R$7$F$$$k$N$G!"(B<code>foo.var</code> $B$H$$$&L>A0$K$J$j$^$9!#(B</p> +<pre> + URI: foo + + URI: foo.en.html + Content-type: text/html + Content-language: en + + URI: foo.fr.de.html + Content-type: text/html;charset=iso-8859-2 + Content-language: fr, de +</pre> + $B$?$H$((B MultiViews $B$r;HMQ$9$k$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$?$H$7$F$b!"(B + $B%U%!%$%kL>$N3HD%;R$h$j%?%$%W%^%C%W$NJ}$,M%@h8"$r;}$D$H$$$&$3$H$K$b(B + $BCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B + variant $B$NIJ<A$,0c$&$H$-$O!"$3$N2hA|$N$h$&$K(B (JPEG, GIF, ASCII + $B%"!<%H$,$"$j$^$9(B) $B%a%G%#%"%?%$%W$N(B "qs" + $B%Q%i%a!<%?$G;XDj$5$l$^$9!#(B +<pre> + URI: foo + + URI: foo.jpeg + Content-type: image/jpeg; qs=0.8 + + URI: foo.gif + Content-type: image/gif; qs=0.5 + + URI: foo.txt + Content-type: text/plain; qs=0.01 +</pre> + + <p>qs $BCM$NHO0O$O(B 0.000 $B$+$i(B 1.000 $B$G$9!#(Bqs $BCM$,(B + 0.000 $B$N(B variant $B$O7h$7$F(B + $BA*Br$5$l$J$$$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B'qs' $BCM$N$J$$(B variant + $B$O(B qs $BCM(B 1.0 $B$r(B $BM?$($i$l$^$9!#(Bqs + $B%Q%i%a!<%?$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$NG=NO$K4X78L5$/!"B>$N(B variant $B$H(B + $BHf3S$7$?$H$-$N(B variant + $B$NAjBPE*$J!VIJ<A!W$r<($7$^$9!#(B + $BNc$($P!"<L??$rI=8=$7$h$&$H$7$F$$$k$H$-$O(B JPEG + $B%U%!%$%k$NJ}$,IaDL$O(B ASCII + $B%U%!%$%k$h$j$b9b$$IJ<A$K$J$j$^$9!#$7$+$7!"%j%=!<%9$,85!9(B + ASCII $B%"!<%H$GI=8=$5$l$F$$$k$H$-$O!"(BASCII $B%U%!%$%k$N(B + $BJ}$,(B JPEG $B%U%!%$%k$h$j$b9b$$IJ<A$K$J$j$^$9!#$3$N$h$&$K!"(Bqs + $B$O(B $BI=8=$5$l$k%j%=!<%9$N@-<A$K$h$C$F(B variant + $BKh$KFCM-$NCM$r<h$j$^$9!#(B</p> + + <p>$BG'<1$5$l$k%X%C%@$N0lMw$O(B + <a href="mod/mod_negotiation.html#typemaps">mod_negotiation</a> + $B%I%-%e%a%s%H$K$"$j$^$9!#(B</p> + + + <h3>Multiviews</h3> + + <p><code>MultiViews</code> $B$O%G%#%l%/%H%jKh$N%*%W%7%g%s$G!"(B + <code><Directory></code>, <code><Location></code>, + <code><Files></code> $B$d!"(B(<code>AllowOverride</code> + $B$,E,@Z$JCM$K(B $B@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k$H(B) <code>.htaccess</code> + $B%U%!%$%k$G(B <code>Options</code> + $B%G%#%l%/%F%#%V$K$h$C$F@_Dj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B<code>Options + All</code> $B$O(B <code>MultiViews</code> + $B$r%;%C%H$7$J$$$3$H$KCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#L@<(E*$K(B + $B$=$NL>A0$r=q$/I,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B</p> + + <p><code>MultiViews</code> $B$N8z2L$O0J2<$N$h$&$K$J$j$^$9(B: + $B%5!<%P$,(B <code>/some/dir/foo</code> + $B$X$N%j%/%(%9%H$r<u$1<h$j!"(B<code>/some/dir</code> $B$G(B + <code>MultiViews</code> $B$,M-8z$G$"$C$F!"(B + <code>/some/dir/foo</code> $B$,B8:_(B<em>$B$7$J$$(B</em>$B>l9g!"(B + $B%5!<%P$O%G%#%l%/%H%j$rFI$s$G(B <code>foo.*</code> + $B$K$"$F$O$^$kA4$F$N%U%!%$%k$rC5$7!"(B + $B;v<B>e$=$l$i$N%U%!%$%k$r%^%C%W$9$k%?%$%W%^%C%W$r:n$j$^$9!#(B + $B$=$N$H$-!"%a%G%#%"%?%$%W$H%3%s%F%s%H%(%s%3!<%G%#%s%0$O!"$=$N%U%!%$%kL>$r(B + $BD>@\;XDj$7$?$H$-$HF1$8$b$N$,3d$jEv$F$i$l$^$9!#(B + 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