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| author | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2019-09-18 01:22:26 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2019-09-18 01:22:26 +0200 |
| commit | 7c672abc120a55f678e5571ae2ee93f06ca4d7f9 (patch) | |
| tree | 7beebc09f9626ca8d5f7df4dded0a553de479323 /Documentation/admin-guide | |
| parent | Merge branch 'for-5.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/denni... (diff) | |
| parent | Documentation: kbuild: Add document about reproducible builds (diff) | |
| download | linux-7c672abc120a55f678e5571ae2ee93f06ca4d7f9.tar.xz linux-7c672abc120a55f678e5571ae2ee93f06ca4d7f9.zip | |
Merge tag 'docs-5.4' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"It's a somewhat calmer cycle for docs this time, as the churn of the
mass RST conversion is happily mostly behind us.
- A new document on reproducible builds.
- We finally got around to zapping the documentation for hardware
support that was removed in 2004; one doesn't want to rush these
things.
- The usual assortment of fixes, typo corrections, etc"
* tag 'docs-5.4' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (67 commits)
Documentation: kbuild: Add document about reproducible builds
docs: printk-formats: Stop encouraging use of unnecessary %h[xudi] and %hh[xudi]
Documentation: Add "earlycon=sbi" to the admin guide
doc:lock: remove reference to clever use of read-write lock
devices.txt: improve entry for comedi (char major 98)
docs: mtd: Update spi nor reference driver
doc: arm64: fix grammar dtb placed in no attributes region
Documentation: sysrq: don't recommend 'S' 'U' before 'B'
mailmap: Update email address for Quentin Perret
docs: ftrace: clarify when tracing is disabled by the trace file
docs: process: fix broken link
Documentation/arm/samsung-s3c24xx: Remove stray U+FEFF character to fix title
Documentation/arm/sa1100/assabet: Fix 'make assabet_defconfig' command
Documentation/arm/sa1100: Remove some obsolete documentation
docs/zh_CN: update Chinese howto.rst for latexdocs making
Documentation: virt: Fix broken reference to virt tree's index
docs: Fix typo on pull requests guide
kernel-doc: Allow anonymous enum
Documentation: sphinx: Don't parse socket() as identifier reference
Documentation: sphinx: Add missing comma to list of strings
...
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/admin-guide')
21 files changed, 1935 insertions, 20 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/cfag12864b.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/cfag12864b.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..18c2865bd322 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/cfag12864b.rst @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +=================================== +cfag12864b LCD Driver Documentation +=================================== + +:License: GPLv2 +:Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis +:Date: 2006-10-27 + + + +.. INDEX + + 1. DRIVER INFORMATION + 2. DEVICE INFORMATION + 3. WIRING + 4. USERSPACE PROGRAMMING + +1. Driver Information +--------------------- + +This driver supports a cfag12864b LCD. + + +2. Device Information +--------------------- + +:Manufacturer: Crystalfontz +:Device Name: Crystalfontz 12864b LCD Series +:Device Code: cfag12864b +:Webpage: http://www.crystalfontz.com +:Device Webpage: http://www.crystalfontz.com/products/12864b/ +:Type: LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) +:Width: 128 +:Height: 64 +:Colors: 2 (B/N) +:Controller: ks0108 +:Controllers: 2 +:Pages: 8 each controller +:Addresses: 64 each page +:Data size: 1 byte each address +:Memory size: 2 * 8 * 64 * 1 = 1024 bytes = 1 Kbyte + + +3. Wiring +--------- + +The cfag12864b LCD Series don't have official wiring. + +The common wiring is done to the parallel port as shown:: + + Parallel Port cfag12864b + + Name Pin# Pin# Name + + Strobe ( 1)------------------------------(17) Enable + Data 0 ( 2)------------------------------( 4) Data 0 + Data 1 ( 3)------------------------------( 5) Data 1 + Data 2 ( 4)------------------------------( 6) Data 2 + Data 3 ( 5)------------------------------( 7) Data 3 + Data 4 ( 6)------------------------------( 8) Data 4 + Data 5 ( 7)------------------------------( 9) Data 5 + Data 6 ( 8)------------------------------(10) Data 6 + Data 7 ( 9)------------------------------(11) Data 7 + (10) [+5v]---( 1) Vdd + (11) [GND]---( 2) Ground + (12) [+5v]---(14) Reset + (13) [GND]---(15) Read / Write + Line (14)------------------------------(13) Controller Select 1 + (15) + Init (16)------------------------------(12) Controller Select 2 + Select (17)------------------------------(16) Data / Instruction + Ground (18)---[GND] [+5v]---(19) LED + + Ground (19)---[GND] + Ground (20)---[GND] E A Values: + Ground (21)---[GND] [GND]---[P1]---(18) Vee - R = Resistor = 22 ohm + Ground (22)---[GND] | - P1 = Preset = 10 Kohm + Ground (23)---[GND] ---- S ------( 3) V0 - P2 = Preset = 1 Kohm + Ground (24)---[GND] | | + Ground (25)---[GND] [GND]---[P2]---[R]---(20) LED - + + +4. Userspace Programming +------------------------ + +The cfag12864bfb describes a framebuffer device (/dev/fbX). + +It has a size of 1024 bytes = 1 Kbyte. +Each bit represents one pixel. If the bit is high, the pixel will +turn on. If the pixel is low, the pixel will turn off. + +You can use the framebuffer as a file: fopen, fwrite, fclose... +Although the LCD won't get updated until the next refresh time arrives. + +Also, you can mmap the framebuffer: open & mmap, munmap & close... +which is the best option for most uses. + +Check samples/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c +for a real working userspace complete program with usage examples. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e466f0595248 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +========================= +Auxiliary Display Support +========================= + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + ks0108.rst + cfag12864b.rst + +.. only:: subproject and html + + Indices + ======= + + * :ref:`genindex` diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/ks0108.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/ks0108.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c0b7faf73136 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/ks0108.rst @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +========================================== +ks0108 LCD Controller Driver Documentation +========================================== + +:License: GPLv2 +:Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis +:Date: 2006-10-27 + + + +.. INDEX + + 1. DRIVER INFORMATION + 2. DEVICE INFORMATION + 3. WIRING + + +1. Driver Information +--------------------- + +This driver supports the ks0108 LCD controller. + + +2. Device Information +--------------------- + +:Manufacturer: Samsung +:Device Name: KS0108 LCD Controller +:Device Code: ks0108 +:Webpage: - +:Device Webpage: - +:Type: LCD Controller (Liquid Crystal Display Controller) +:Width: 64 +:Height: 64 +:Colors: 2 (B/N) +:Pages: 8 +:Addresses: 64 each page +:Data size: 1 byte each address +:Memory size: 8 * 64 * 1 = 512 bytes + + +3. Wiring +--------- + +The driver supports data parallel port wiring. + +If you aren't building LCD related hardware, you should check +your LCD specific wiring information in the same folder. + +For example, check Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/cfag12864b.rst diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst index 1d7d962933be..36d43ae7dc13 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst @@ -130,12 +130,6 @@ Proportional weight policy files dev weight 8:16 300 -- blkio.leaf_weight[_device] - - Equivalents of blkio.weight[_device] for the purpose of - deciding how much weight tasks in the given cgroup has while - competing with the cgroup's child cgroups. For details, - please refer to Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt. - - blkio.time - disk time allocated to cgroup per device in milliseconds. First two fields specify the major and minor number of the device and diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/authors.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/authors.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b02d6dd6c070 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/authors.rst @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +======= +Authors +======= + +Original Author +--------------- + +Steve French (sfrench@samba.org) + +The author wishes to express his appreciation and thanks to: +Andrew Tridgell (Samba team) for his early suggestions about smb/cifs VFS +improvements. Thanks to IBM for allowing me time and test resources to pursue +this project, to Jim McDonough from IBM (and the Samba Team) for his help, to +the IBM Linux JFS team for explaining many esoteric Linux filesystem features. +Jeremy Allison of the Samba team has done invaluable work in adding the server +side of the original CIFS Unix extensions and reviewing and implementing +portions of the newer CIFS POSIX extensions into the Samba 3 file server. Thank +Dave Boutcher of IBM Rochester (author of the OS/400 smb/cifs filesystem client) +for proving years ago that very good smb/cifs clients could be done on Unix-like +operating systems. Volker Lendecke, Andrew Tridgell, Urban Widmark, John +Newbigin and others for their work on the Linux smbfs module. Thanks to +the other members of the Storage Network Industry Association CIFS Technical +Workgroup for their work specifying this highly complex protocol and finally +thanks to the Samba team for their technical advice and encouragement. + +Patch Contributors +------------------ + +- Zwane Mwaikambo +- Andi Kleen +- Amrut Joshi +- Shobhit Dayal +- Sergey Vlasov +- Richard Hughes +- Yury Umanets +- Mark Hamzy (for some of the early cifs IPv6 work) +- Domen Puncer +- Jesper Juhl (in particular for lots of whitespace/formatting cleanup) +- Vince Negri and Dave Stahl (for finding an important caching bug) +- Adrian Bunk (kcalloc cleanups) +- Miklos Szeredi +- Kazeon team for various fixes especially for 2.4 version. +- Asser Ferno (Change Notify support) +- Shaggy (Dave Kleikamp) for innumerable small fs suggestions and some good cleanup +- Gunter Kukkukk (testing and suggestions for support of old servers) +- Igor Mammedov (DFS support) +- Jeff Layton (many, many fixes, as well as great work on the cifs Kerberos code) +- Scott Lovenberg +- Pavel Shilovsky (for great work adding SMB2 support, and various SMB3 features) +- Aurelien Aptel (for DFS SMB3 work and some key bug fixes) +- Ronnie Sahlberg (for SMB3 xattr work, bug fixes, and lots of great work on compounding) +- Shirish Pargaonkar (for many ACL patches over the years) +- Sachin Prabhu (many bug fixes, including for reconnect, copy offload and security) +- Paulo Alcantara +- Long Li (some great work on RDMA, SMB Direct) + + +Test case and Bug Report contributors +------------------------------------- +Thanks to those in the community who have submitted detailed bug reports +and debug of problems they have found: Jochen Dolze, David Blaine, +Rene Scharfe, Martin Josefsson, Alexander Wild, Anthony Liguori, +Lars Muller, Urban Widmark, Massimiliano Ferrero, Howard Owen, +Olaf Kirch, Kieron Briggs, Nick Millington and others. Also special +mention to the Stanford Checker (SWAT) which pointed out many minor +bugs in error paths. Valuable suggestions also have come from Al Viro +and Dave Miller. + +And thanks to the IBM LTC and Power test teams and SuSE and Citrix and RedHat testers for finding multiple bugs during excellent stress test runs. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/changes.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/changes.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..71f2ecb62299 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/changes.rst @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +======= +Changes +======= + +See https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFSKernel for summary +information (that may be easier to read than parsing the output of +"git log fs/cifs") about fixes/improvements to CIFS/SMB2/SMB3 support (changes +to cifs.ko module) by kernel version (and cifs internal module version). diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..fad5268635f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +==== +CIFS +==== + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + introduction + usage + todo + changes + authors + +.. only:: subproject and html + + Indices + ======= + + * :ref:`genindex` diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/introduction.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/introduction.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..0b98f672d36f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/introduction.rst @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +============ +Introduction +============ + + This is the client VFS module for the SMB3 NAS protocol as well + as for older dialects such as the Common Internet File System (CIFS) + protocol which was the successor to the Server Message Block + (SMB) protocol, the native file sharing mechanism for most early + PC operating systems. New and improved versions of CIFS are now + called SMB2 and SMB3. Use of SMB3 (and later, including SMB3.1.1) + is strongly preferred over using older dialects like CIFS due to + security reaasons. All modern dialects, including the most recent, + SMB3.1.1 are supported by the CIFS VFS module. The SMB3 protocol + is implemented and supported by all major file servers + such as all modern versions of Windows (including Windows 2016 + Server), as well as by Samba (which provides excellent + CIFS/SMB2/SMB3 server support and tools for Linux and many other + operating systems). Apple systems also support SMB3 well, as + do most Network Attached Storage vendors, so this network + filesystem client can mount to a wide variety of systems. + It also supports mounting to the cloud (for example + Microsoft Azure), including the necessary security features. + + The intent of this module is to provide the most advanced network + file system function for SMB3 compliant servers, including advanced + security features, excellent parallelized high performance i/o, better + POSIX compliance, secure per-user session establishment, encryption, + high performance safe distributed caching (leases/oplocks), optional packet + signing, large files, Unicode support and other internationalization + improvements. Since both Samba server and this filesystem client support + the CIFS Unix extensions (and in the future SMB3 POSIX extensions), + the combination can provide a reasonable alternative to other network and + cluster file systems for fileserving in some Linux to Linux environments, + not just in Linux to Windows (or Linux to Mac) environments. + + This filesystem has a mount utility (mount.cifs) and various user space + tools (including smbinfo and setcifsacl) that can be obtained from + + https://git.samba.org/?p=cifs-utils.git + + or + + git://git.samba.org/cifs-utils.git + + mount.cifs should be installed in the directory with the other mount helpers. + + For more information on the module see the project wiki page at + + https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFS + + and + + https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFS_utils diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/todo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/todo.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..084c25f92dcb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/todo.rst @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +==== +TODO +==== + +Version 2.14 December 21, 2018 + +A Partial List of Missing Features +================================== + +Contributions are welcome. There are plenty of opportunities +for visible, important contributions to this module. Here +is a partial list of the known problems and missing features: + +a) SMB3 (and SMB3.1.1) missing optional features: + + - multichannel (started), integration with RDMA + - directory leases (improved metadata caching), started (root dir only) + - T10 copy offload ie "ODX" (copy chunk, and "Duplicate Extents" ioctl + currently the only two server side copy mechanisms supported) + +b) improved sparse file support (fiemap and SEEK_HOLE are implemented + but additional features would be supportable by the protocol). + +c) Directory entry caching relies on a 1 second timer, rather than + using Directory Leases, currently only the root file handle is cached longer + +d) quota support (needs minor kernel change since quota calls + to make it to network filesystems or deviceless filesystems) + +e) Additional use cases can be optimized to use "compounding" (e.g. + open/query/close and open/setinfo/close) to reduce the number of + roundtrips to the server and improve performance. Various cases + (stat, statfs, create, unlink, mkdir) already have been improved by + using compounding but more can be done. In addition we could + significantly reduce redundant opens by using deferred close (with + handle caching leases) and better using reference counters on file + handles. + +f) Finish inotify support so kde and gnome file list windows + will autorefresh (partially complete by Asser). Needs minor kernel + vfs change to support removing D_NOTIFY on a file. + +g) Add GUI tool to configure /proc/fs/cifs settings and for display of + the CIFS statistics (started) + +h) implement support for security and trusted categories of xattrs + (requires minor protocol extension) to enable better support for SELINUX + +i) Add support for tree connect contexts (see MS-SMB2) a new SMB3.1.1 protocol + feature (may be especially useful for virtualization). + +j) Create UID mapping facility so server UIDs can be mapped on a per + mount or a per server basis to client UIDs or nobody if no mapping + exists. Also better integration with winbind for resolving SID owners + +k) Add tools to take advantage of more smb3 specific ioctls and features + (passthrough ioctl/fsctl is now implemented in cifs.ko to allow + sending various SMB3 fsctls and query info and set info calls + directly from user space) Add tools to make setting various non-POSIX + metadata attributes easier from tools (e.g. extending what was done + in smb-info tool). + +l) encrypted file support + +m) improved stats gathering tools (perhaps integration with nfsometer?) + to extend and make easier to use what is currently in /proc/fs/cifs/Stats + +n) Add support for claims based ACLs ("DAC") + +o) mount helper GUI (to simplify the various configuration options on mount) + +p) Add support for witness protocol (perhaps ioctl to cifs.ko from user space + tool listening on witness protocol RPC) to allow for notification of share + move, server failover, and server adapter changes. And also improve other + failover scenarios, e.g. when client knows multiple DFS entries point to + different servers, and the server we are connected to has gone down. + +q) Allow mount.cifs to be more verbose in reporting errors with dialect + or unsupported feature errors. + +r) updating cifs documentation, and user guide. + +s) Addressing bugs found by running a broader set of xfstests in standard + file system xfstest suite. + +t) split cifs and smb3 support into separate modules so legacy (and less + secure) CIFS dialect can be disabled in environments that don't need it + and simplify the code. + +v) POSIX Extensions for SMB3.1.1 (started, create and mkdir support added + so far). + +w) Add support for additional strong encryption types, and additional spnego + authentication mechanisms (see MS-SMB2) + +x) Finish support for SMB3.1.1 compression + +Known Bugs +========== + +See http://bugzilla.samba.org - search on product "CifsVFS" for +current bug list. Also check http://bugzilla.kernel.org (Product = File System, Component = CIFS) + +1) existing symbolic links (Windows reparse points) are recognized but + can not be created remotely. They are implemented for Samba and those that + support the CIFS Unix extensions, although earlier versions of Samba + overly restrict the pathnames. +2) follow_link and readdir code does not follow dfs junctions + but recognizes them + +Misc testing to do +================== +1) check out max path names and max path name components against various server + types. Try nested symlinks (8 deep). Return max path name in stat -f information + +2) Improve xfstest's cifs/smb3 enablement and adapt xfstests where needed to test + cifs/smb3 better + +3) Additional performance testing and optimization using iozone and similar - + there are some easy changes that can be done to parallelize sequential writes, + and when signing is disabled to request larger read sizes (larger than + negotiated size) and send larger write sizes to modern servers. + +4) More exhaustively test against less common servers + +5) Continue to extend the smb3 "buildbot" which does automated xfstesting + against Windows, Samba and Azure currently - to add additional tests and + to allow the buildbot to execute the tests faster. The URL for the + buildbot is: http://smb3-test-rhel-75.southcentralus.cloudapp.azure.com + +6) Address various coverity warnings (most are not bugs per-se, but + the more warnings are addressed, the easier it is to spot real + problems that static analyzers will point out in the future). diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/usage.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/usage.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d3fb67b8a976 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/usage.rst @@ -0,0 +1,869 @@ +===== +Usage +===== + +This module supports the SMB3 family of advanced network protocols (as well +as older dialects, originally called "CIFS" or SMB1). + +The CIFS VFS module for Linux supports many advanced network filesystem +features such as hierarchical DFS like namespace, hardlinks, locking and more. +It was designed to comply with the SNIA CIFS Technical Reference (which +supersedes the 1992 X/Open SMB Standard) as well as to perform best practice +practical interoperability with Windows 2000, Windows XP, Samba and equivalent +servers. This code was developed in participation with the Protocol Freedom +Information Foundation. CIFS and now SMB3 has now become a defacto +standard for interoperating between Macs and Windows and major NAS appliances. + +Please see +MS-SMB2 (for detailed SMB2/SMB3/SMB3.1.1 protocol specification) +http://protocolfreedom.org/ and +http://samba.org/samba/PFIF/ +for more details. + + +For questions or bug reports please contact: + + smfrench@gmail.com + +See the project page at: https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFS_utils + +Build instructions +================== + +For Linux: + +1) Download the kernel (e.g. from http://www.kernel.org) + and change directory into the top of the kernel directory tree + (e.g. /usr/src/linux-2.5.73) +2) make menuconfig (or make xconfig) +3) select cifs from within the network filesystem choices +4) save and exit +5) make + + +Installation instructions +========================= + +If you have built the CIFS vfs as module (successfully) simply +type ``make modules_install`` (or if you prefer, manually copy the file to +the modules directory e.g. /lib/modules/2.4.10-4GB/kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.ko). + +If you have built the CIFS vfs into the kernel itself, follow the instructions +for your distribution on how to install a new kernel (usually you +would simply type ``make install``). + +If you do not have the utility mount.cifs (in the Samba 4.x source tree and on +the CIFS VFS web site) copy it to the same directory in which mount helpers +reside (usually /sbin). Although the helper software is not +required, mount.cifs is recommended. Most distros include a ``cifs-utils`` +package that includes this utility so it is recommended to install this. + +Note that running the Winbind pam/nss module (logon service) on all of your +Linux clients is useful in mapping Uids and Gids consistently across the +domain to the proper network user. The mount.cifs mount helper can be +found at cifs-utils.git on git.samba.org + +If cifs is built as a module, then the size and number of network buffers +and maximum number of simultaneous requests to one server can be configured. +Changing these from their defaults is not recommended. By executing modinfo:: + + modinfo kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.ko + +on kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.ko the list of configuration changes that can be made +at module initialization time (by running insmod cifs.ko) can be seen. + +Recommendations +=============== + +To improve security the SMB2.1 dialect or later (usually will get SMB3) is now +the new default. To use old dialects (e.g. to mount Windows XP) use "vers=1.0" +on mount (or vers=2.0 for Windows Vista). Note that the CIFS (vers=1.0) is +much older and less secure than the default dialect SMB3 which includes +many advanced security features such as downgrade attack detection +and encrypted shares and stronger signing and authentication algorithms. +There are additional mount options that may be helpful for SMB3 to get +improved POSIX behavior (NB: can use vers=3.0 to force only SMB3, never 2.1): + + ``mfsymlinks`` and ``cifsacl`` and ``idsfromsid`` + +Allowing User Mounts +==================== + +To permit users to mount and unmount over directories they own is possible +with the cifs vfs. A way to enable such mounting is to mark the mount.cifs +utility as suid (e.g. ``chmod +s /sbin/mount.cifs``). To enable users to +umount shares they mount requires + +1) mount.cifs version 1.4 or later +2) an entry for the share in /etc/fstab indicating that a user may + unmount it e.g.:: + + //server/usersharename /mnt/username cifs user 0 0 + +Note that when the mount.cifs utility is run suid (allowing user mounts), +in order to reduce risks, the ``nosuid`` mount flag is passed in on mount to +disallow execution of an suid program mounted on the remote target. +When mount is executed as root, nosuid is not passed in by default, +and execution of suid programs on the remote target would be enabled +by default. This can be changed, as with nfs and other filesystems, +by simply specifying ``nosuid`` among the mount options. For user mounts +though to be able to pass the suid flag to mount requires rebuilding +mount.cifs with the following flag: CIFS_ALLOW_USR_SUID + +There is a corresponding manual page for cifs mounting in the Samba 3.0 and +later source tree in docs/manpages/mount.cifs.8 + +Allowing User Unmounts +====================== + +To permit users to ummount directories that they have user mounted (see above), +the utility umount.cifs may be used. It may be invoked directly, or if +umount.cifs is placed in /sbin, umount can invoke the cifs umount helper +(at least for most versions of the umount utility) for umount of cifs +mounts, unless umount is invoked with -i (which will avoid invoking a umount +helper). As with mount.cifs, to enable user unmounts umount.cifs must be marked +as suid (e.g. ``chmod +s /sbin/umount.cifs``) or equivalent (some distributions +allow adding entries to a file to the /etc/permissions file to achieve the +equivalent suid effect). For this utility to succeed the target path +must be a cifs mount, and the uid of the current user must match the uid +of the user who mounted the resource. + +Also note that the customary way of allowing user mounts and unmounts is +(instead of using mount.cifs and unmount.cifs as suid) to add a line +to the file /etc/fstab for each //server/share you wish to mount, but +this can become unwieldy when potential mount targets include many +or unpredictable UNC names. + +Samba Considerations +==================== + +Most current servers support SMB2.1 and SMB3 which are more secure, +but there are useful protocol extensions for the older less secure CIFS +dialect, so to get the maximum benefit if mounting using the older dialect +(CIFS/SMB1), we recommend using a server that supports the SNIA CIFS +Unix Extensions standard (e.g. almost any version of Samba ie version +2.2.5 or later) but the CIFS vfs works fine with a wide variety of CIFS servers. +Note that uid, gid and file permissions will display default values if you do +not have a server that supports the Unix extensions for CIFS (such as Samba +2.2.5 or later). To enable the Unix CIFS Extensions in the Samba server, add +the line:: + + unix extensions = yes + +to your smb.conf file on the server. Note that the following smb.conf settings +are also useful (on the Samba server) when the majority of clients are Unix or +Linux:: + + case sensitive = yes + delete readonly = yes + ea support = yes + +Note that server ea support is required for supporting xattrs from the Linux +cifs client, and that EA support is present in later versions of Samba (e.g. +3.0.6 and later (also EA support works in all versions of Windows, at least to +shares on NTFS filesystems). Extended Attribute (xattr) support is an optional +feature of most Linux filesystems which may require enabling via +make menuconfig. Client support for extended attributes (user xattr) can be +disabled on a per-mount basis by specifying ``nouser_xattr`` on mount. + +The CIFS client can get and set POSIX ACLs (getfacl, setfacl) to Samba servers +version 3.10 and later. Setting POSIX ACLs requires enabling both XATTR and +then POSIX support in the CIFS configuration options when building the cifs +module. POSIX ACL support can be disabled on a per mount basic by specifying +``noacl`` on mount. + +Some administrators may want to change Samba's smb.conf ``map archive`` and +``create mask`` parameters from the default. Unless the create mask is changed +newly created files can end up with an unnecessarily restrictive default mode, +which may not be what you want, although if the CIFS Unix extensions are +enabled on the server and client, subsequent setattr calls (e.g. chmod) can +fix the mode. Note that creating special devices (mknod) remotely +may require specifying a mkdev function to Samba if you are not using +Samba 3.0.6 or later. For more information on these see the manual pages +(``man smb.conf``) on the Samba server system. Note that the cifs vfs, +unlike the smbfs vfs, does not read the smb.conf on the client system +(the few optional settings are passed in on mount via -o parameters instead). +Note that Samba 2.2.7 or later includes a fix that allows the CIFS VFS to delete +open files (required for strict POSIX compliance). Windows Servers already +supported this feature. Samba server does not allow symlinks that refer to files +outside of the share, so in Samba versions prior to 3.0.6, most symlinks to +files with absolute paths (ie beginning with slash) such as:: + + ln -s /mnt/foo bar + +would be forbidden. Samba 3.0.6 server or later includes the ability to create +such symlinks safely by converting unsafe symlinks (ie symlinks to server +files that are outside of the share) to a samba specific format on the server +that is ignored by local server applications and non-cifs clients and that will +not be traversed by the Samba server). This is opaque to the Linux client +application using the cifs vfs. Absolute symlinks will work to Samba 3.0.5 or +later, but only for remote clients using the CIFS Unix extensions, and will +be invisbile to Windows clients and typically will not affect local +applications running on the same server as Samba. + +Use instructions +================ + +Once the CIFS VFS support is built into the kernel or installed as a module +(cifs.ko), you can use mount syntax like the following to access Samba or +Mac or Windows servers:: + + mount -t cifs //9.53.216.11/e$ /mnt -o username=myname,password=mypassword + +Before -o the option -v may be specified to make the mount.cifs +mount helper display the mount steps more verbosely. +After -o the following commonly used cifs vfs specific options +are supported:: + + username=<username> + password=<password> + domain=<domain name> + +Other cifs mount options are described below. Use of TCP names (in addition to +ip addresses) is available if the mount helper (mount.cifs) is installed. If +you do not trust the server to which are mounted, or if you do not have +cifs signing enabled (and the physical network is insecure), consider use +of the standard mount options ``noexec`` and ``nosuid`` to reduce the risk of +running an altered binary on your local system (downloaded from a hostile server +or altered by a hostile router). + +Although mounting using format corresponding to the CIFS URL specification is +not possible in mount.cifs yet, it is possible to use an alternate format +for the server and sharename (which is somewhat similar to NFS style mount +syntax) instead of the more widely used UNC format (i.e. \\server\share):: + + mount -t cifs tcp_name_of_server:share_name /mnt -o user=myname,pass=mypasswd + +When using the mount helper mount.cifs, passwords may be specified via alternate +mechanisms, instead of specifying it after -o using the normal ``pass=`` syntax +on the command line: +1) By including it in a credential file. Specify credentials=filename as one +of the mount options. Credential files contain two lines:: + + username=someuser + password=your_password + +2) By specifying the password in the PASSWD environment variable (similarly + the user name can be taken from the USER environment variable). +3) By specifying the password in a file by name via PASSWD_FILE +4) By specifying the password in a file by file descriptor via PASSWD_FD + +If no password is provided, mount.cifs will prompt for password entry + +Restrictions +============ + +Servers must support either "pure-TCP" (port 445 TCP/IP CIFS connections) or RFC +1001/1002 support for "Netbios-Over-TCP/IP." This is not likely to be a +problem as most servers support this. + +Valid filenames differ between Windows and Linux. Windows typically restricts +filenames which contain certain reserved characters (e.g.the character : +which is used to delimit the beginning of a stream name by Windows), while +Linux allows a slightly wider set of valid characters in filenames. Windows +servers can remap such characters when an explicit mapping is specified in +the Server's registry. Samba starting with version 3.10 will allow such +filenames (ie those which contain valid Linux characters, which normally +would be forbidden for Windows/CIFS semantics) as long as the server is +configured for Unix Extensions (and the client has not disabled +/proc/fs/cifs/LinuxExtensionsEnabled). In addition the mount option +``mapposix`` can be used on CIFS (vers=1.0) to force the mapping of +illegal Windows/NTFS/SMB characters to a remap range (this mount parm +is the default for SMB3). This remap (``mapposix``) range is also +compatible with Mac (and "Services for Mac" on some older Windows). + +CIFS VFS Mount Options +====================== +A partial list of the supported mount options follows: + + username + The user name to use when trying to establish + the CIFS session. + password + The user password. If the mount helper is + installed, the user will be prompted for password + if not supplied. + ip + The ip address of the target server + unc + The target server Universal Network Name (export) to + mount. + domain + Set the SMB/CIFS workgroup name prepended to the + username during CIFS session establishment + forceuid + Set the default uid for inodes to the uid + passed in on mount. For mounts to servers + which do support the CIFS Unix extensions, such as a + properly configured Samba server, the server provides + the uid, gid and mode so this parameter should not be + specified unless the server and clients uid and gid + numbering differ. If the server and client are in the + same domain (e.g. running winbind or nss_ldap) and + the server supports the Unix Extensions then the uid + and gid can be retrieved from the server (and uid + and gid would not have to be specified on the mount. + For servers which do not support the CIFS Unix + extensions, the default uid (and gid) returned on lookup + of existing files will be the uid (gid) of the person + who executed the mount (root, except when mount.cifs + is configured setuid for user mounts) unless the ``uid=`` + (gid) mount option is specified. Also note that permission + checks (authorization checks) on accesses to a file occur + at the server, but there are cases in which an administrator + may want to restrict at the client as well. For those + servers which do not report a uid/gid owner + (such as Windows), permissions can also be checked at the + client, and a crude form of client side permission checking + can be enabled by specifying file_mode and dir_mode on + the client. (default) + forcegid + (similar to above but for the groupid instead of uid) (default) + noforceuid + Fill in file owner information (uid) by requesting it from + the server if possible. With this option, the value given in + the uid= option (on mount) will only be used if the server + can not support returning uids on inodes. + noforcegid + (similar to above but for the group owner, gid, instead of uid) + uid + Set the default uid for inodes, and indicate to the + cifs kernel driver which local user mounted. If the server + supports the unix extensions the default uid is + not used to fill in the owner fields of inodes (files) + unless the ``forceuid`` parameter is specified. + gid + Set the default gid for inodes (similar to above). + file_mode + If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server + this overrides the default mode for file inodes. + fsc + Enable local disk caching using FS-Cache (off by default). This + option could be useful to improve performance on a slow link, + heavily loaded server and/or network where reading from the + disk is faster than reading from the server (over the network). + This could also impact scalability positively as the + number of calls to the server are reduced. However, local + caching is not suitable for all workloads for e.g. read-once + type workloads. So, you need to consider carefully your + workload/scenario before using this option. Currently, local + disk caching is functional for CIFS files opened as read-only. + dir_mode + If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server + this overrides the default mode for directory inodes. + port + attempt to contact the server on this tcp port, before + trying the usual ports (port 445, then 139). + iocharset + Codepage used to convert local path names to and from + Unicode. Unicode is used by default for network path + names if the server supports it. If iocharset is + not specified then the nls_default specified + during the local client kernel build will be used. + If server does not support Unicode, this parameter is + unused. + rsize + default read size (usually 16K). The client currently + can not use rsize larger than CIFSMaxBufSize. CIFSMaxBufSize + defaults to 16K and may be changed (from 8K to the maximum + kmalloc size allowed by your kernel) at module install time + for cifs.ko. Setting CIFSMaxBufSize to a very large value + will cause cifs to use more memory and may reduce performance + in some cases. To use rsize greater than 127K (the original + cifs protocol maximum) also requires that the server support + a new Unix Capability flag (for very large read) which some + newer servers (e.g. Samba 3.0.26 or later) do. rsize can be + set from a minimum of 2048 to a maximum of 130048 (127K or + CIFSMaxBufSize, whichever is smaller) + wsize + default write size (default 57344) + maximum wsize currently allowed by CIFS is 57344 (fourteen + 4096 byte pages) + actimeo=n + attribute cache timeout in seconds (default 1 second). + After this timeout, the cifs client requests fresh attribute + information from the server. This option allows to tune the + attribute cache timeout to suit the workload needs. Shorter + timeouts mean better the cache coherency, but increased number + of calls to the server. Longer timeouts mean reduced number + of calls to the server at the expense of less stricter cache + coherency checks (i.e. incorrect attribute cache for a short + period of time). + rw + mount the network share read-write (note that the + server may still consider the share read-only) + ro + mount network share read-only + version + used to distinguish different versions of the + mount helper utility (not typically needed) + sep + if first mount option (after the -o), overrides + the comma as the separator between the mount + parms. e.g.:: + + -o user=myname,password=mypassword,domain=mydom + + could be passed instead with period as the separator by:: + + -o sep=.user=myname.password=mypassword.domain=mydom + + this might be useful when comma is contained within username + or password or domain. This option is less important + when the cifs mount helper cifs.mount (version 1.1 or later) + is used. + nosuid + Do not allow remote executables with the suid bit + program to be executed. This is only meaningful for mounts + to servers such as Samba which support the CIFS Unix Extensions. + If you do not trust the servers in your network (your mount + targets) it is recommended that you specify this option for + greater security. + exec + Permit execution of binaries on the mount. + noexec + Do not permit execution of binaries on the mount. + dev + Recognize block devices on the remote mount. + nodev + Do not recognize devices on the remote mount. + suid + Allow remote files on this mountpoint with suid enabled to + be executed (default for mounts when executed as root, + nosuid is default for user mounts). + credentials + Although ignored by the cifs kernel component, it is used by + the mount helper, mount.cifs. When mount.cifs is installed it + opens and reads the credential file specified in order + to obtain the userid and password arguments which are passed to + the cifs vfs. + guest + Although ignored by the kernel component, the mount.cifs + mount helper will not prompt the user for a password + if guest is specified on the mount options. If no + password is specified a null password will be used. + perm + Client does permission checks (vfs_permission check of uid + and gid of the file against the mode and desired operation), + Note that this is in addition to the normal ACL check on the + target machine done by the server software. + Client permission checking is enabled by default. + noperm + Client does not do permission checks. This can expose + files on this mount to access by other users on the local + client system. It is typically only needed when the server + supports the CIFS Unix Extensions but the UIDs/GIDs on the + client and server system do not match closely enough to allow + access by the user doing the mount, but it may be useful with + non CIFS Unix Extension mounts for cases in which the default + mode is specified on the mount but is not to be enforced on the + client (e.g. perhaps when MultiUserMount is enabled) + Note that this does not affect the normal ACL check on the + target machine done by the server software (of the server + ACL against the user name provided at mount time). + serverino + Use server's inode numbers instead of generating automatically + incrementing inode numbers on the client. Although this will + make it easier to spot hardlinked files (as they will have + the same inode numbers) and inode numbers may be persistent, + note that the server does not guarantee that the inode numbers + are unique if multiple server side mounts are exported under a + single share (since inode numbers on the servers might not + be unique if multiple filesystems are mounted under the same + shared higher level directory). Note that some older + (e.g. pre-Windows 2000) do not support returning UniqueIDs + or the CIFS Unix Extensions equivalent and for those + this mount option will have no effect. Exporting cifs mounts + under nfsd requires this mount option on the cifs mount. + This is now the default if server supports the + required network operation. + noserverino + Client generates inode numbers (rather than using the actual one + from the server). These inode numbers will vary after + unmount or reboot which can confuse some applications, + but not all server filesystems support unique inode + numbers. + setuids + If the CIFS Unix extensions are negotiated with the server + the client will attempt to set the effective uid and gid of + the local process on newly created files, directories, and + devices (create, mkdir, mknod). If the CIFS Unix Extensions + are not negotiated, for newly created files and directories + instead of using the default uid and gid specified on + the mount, cache the new file's uid and gid locally which means + that the uid for the file can change when the inode is + reloaded (or the user remounts the share). + nosetuids + The client will not attempt to set the uid and gid on + on newly created files, directories, and devices (create, + mkdir, mknod) which will result in the server setting the + uid and gid to the default (usually the server uid of the + user who mounted the share). Letting the server (rather than + the client) set the uid and gid is the default. If the CIFS + Unix Extensions are not negotiated then the uid and gid for + new files will appear to be the uid (gid) of the mounter or the + uid (gid) parameter specified on the mount. + netbiosname + When mounting to servers via port 139, specifies the RFC1001 + source name to use to represent the client netbios machine + name when doing the RFC1001 netbios session initialize. + direct + Do not do inode data caching on files opened on this mount. + This precludes mmapping files on this mount. In some cases + with fast networks and little or no caching benefits on the + client (e.g. when the application is doing large sequential + reads bigger than page size without rereading the same data) + this can provide better performance than the default + behavior which caches reads (readahead) and writes + (writebehind) through the local Linux client pagecache + if oplock (caching token) is granted and held. Note that + direct allows write operations larger than page size + to be sent to the server. + strictcache + Use for switching on strict cache mode. In this mode the + client read from the cache all the time it has Oplock Level II, + otherwise - read from the server. All written data are stored + in the cache, but if the client doesn't have Exclusive Oplock, + it writes the data to the server. + rwpidforward + Forward pid of a process who opened a file to any read or write + operation on that file. This prevent applications like WINE + from failing on read and write if we use mandatory brlock style. + acl + Allow setfacl and getfacl to manage posix ACLs if server + supports them. (default) + noacl + Do not allow setfacl and getfacl calls on this mount + user_xattr + Allow getting and setting user xattrs (those attributes whose + name begins with ``user.`` or ``os2.``) as OS/2 EAs (extended + attributes) to the server. This allows support of the + setfattr and getfattr utilities. (default) + nouser_xattr + Do not allow getfattr/setfattr to get/set/list xattrs + mapchars + Translate six of the seven reserved characters (not backslash):: + + *?<>|: + + to the remap range (above 0xF000), which also + allows the CIFS client to recognize files created with + such characters by Windows's POSIX emulation. This can + also be useful when mounting to most versions of Samba + (which also forbids creating and opening files + whose names contain any of these seven characters). + This has no effect if the server does not support + Unicode on the wire. + nomapchars + Do not translate any of these seven characters (default). + nocase + Request case insensitive path name matching (case + sensitive is the default if the server supports it). + (mount option ``ignorecase`` is identical to ``nocase``) + posixpaths + If CIFS Unix extensions are supported, attempt to + negotiate posix path name support which allows certain + characters forbidden in typical CIFS filenames, without + requiring remapping. (default) + noposixpaths + If CIFS Unix extensions are supported, do not request + posix path name support (this may cause servers to + reject creatingfile with certain reserved characters). + nounix + Disable the CIFS Unix Extensions for this mount (tree + connection). This is rarely needed, but it may be useful + in order to turn off multiple settings all at once (ie + posix acls, posix locks, posix paths, symlink support + and retrieving uids/gids/mode from the server) or to + work around a bug in server which implement the Unix + Extensions. + nobrl + Do not send byte range lock requests to the server. + This is necessary for certain applications that break + with cifs style mandatory byte range locks (and most + cifs servers do not yet support requesting advisory + byte range locks). + forcemandatorylock + Even if the server supports posix (advisory) byte range + locking, send only mandatory lock requests. For some + (presumably rare) applications, originally coded for + DOS/Windows, which require Windows style mandatory byte range + locking, they may be able to take advantage of this option, + forcing the cifs client to only send mandatory locks + even if the cifs server would support posix advisory locks. + ``forcemand`` is accepted as a shorter form of this mount + option. + nostrictsync + If this mount option is set, when an application does an + fsync call then the cifs client does not send an SMB Flush + to the server (to force the server to write all dirty data + for this file immediately to disk), although cifs still sends + all dirty (cached) file data to the server and waits for the + server to respond to the write. Since SMB Flush can be + very slow, and some servers may be reliable enough (to risk + delaying slightly flushing the data to disk on the server), + turning on this option may be useful to improve performance for + applications that fsync too much, at a small risk of server + crash. If this mount option is not set, by default cifs will + send an SMB flush request (and wait for a response) on every + fsync call. + nodfs + Disable DFS (global name space support) even if the + server claims to support it. This can help work around + a problem with parsing of DFS paths with Samba server + versions 3.0.24 and 3.0.25. + remount + remount the share (often used to change from ro to rw mounts + or vice versa) + cifsacl + Report mode bits (e.g. on stat) based on the Windows ACL for + the file. (EXPERIMENTAL) + servern + Specify the server 's netbios name (RFC1001 name) to use + when attempting to setup a session to the server. + This is needed for mounting to some older servers (such + as OS/2 or Windows 98 and Windows ME) since they do not + support a default server name. A server name can be up + to 15 characters long and is usually uppercased. + sfu + When the CIFS Unix Extensions are not negotiated, attempt to + create device files and fifos in a format compatible with + Services for Unix (SFU). In addition retrieve bits 10-12 + of the mode via the SETFILEBITS extended attribute (as + SFU does). In the future the bottom 9 bits of the + mode also will be emulated using queries of the security + descriptor (ACL). + mfsymlinks + Enable support for Minshall+French symlinks + (see http://wiki.samba.org/index.php/UNIX_Extensions#Minshall.2BFrench_symlinks) + This option is ignored when specified together with the + 'sfu' option. Minshall+French symlinks are used even if + the server supports the CIFS Unix Extensions. + sign + Must use packet signing (helps avoid unwanted data modification + by intermediate systems in the route). Note that signing + does not work with lanman or plaintext authentication. + seal + Must seal (encrypt) all data on this mounted share before + sending on the network. Requires support for Unix Extensions. + Note that this differs from the sign mount option in that it + causes encryption of data sent over this mounted share but other + shares mounted to the same server are unaffected. + locallease + This option is rarely needed. Fcntl F_SETLEASE is + used by some applications such as Samba and NFSv4 server to + check to see whether a file is cacheable. CIFS has no way + to explicitly request a lease, but can check whether a file + is cacheable (oplocked). Unfortunately, even if a file + is not oplocked, it could still be cacheable (ie cifs client + could grant fcntl leases if no other local processes are using + the file) for cases for example such as when the server does not + support oplocks and the user is sure that the only updates to + the file will be from this client. Specifying this mount option + will allow the cifs client to check for leases (only) locally + for files which are not oplocked instead of denying leases + in that case. (EXPERIMENTAL) + sec + Security mode. Allowed values are: + + none + attempt to connection as a null user (no name) + krb5 + Use Kerberos version 5 authentication + krb5i + Use Kerberos authentication and packet signing + ntlm + Use NTLM password hashing (default) + ntlmi + Use NTLM password hashing with signing (if + /proc/fs/cifs/PacketSigningEnabled on or if + server requires signing also can be the default) + ntlmv2 + Use NTLMv2 password hashing + ntlmv2i + Use NTLMv2 password hashing with packet signing + lanman + (if configured in kernel config) use older + lanman hash + hard + Retry file operations if server is not responding + soft + Limit retries to unresponsive servers (usually only + one retry) before returning an error. (default) + +The mount.cifs mount helper also accepts a few mount options before -o +including: + +=============== =============================================================== + -S take password from stdin (equivalent to setting the environment + variable ``PASSWD_FD=0`` + -V print mount.cifs version + -? display simple usage information +=============== =============================================================== + +With most 2.6 kernel versions of modutils, the version of the cifs kernel +module can be displayed via modinfo. + +Misc /proc/fs/cifs Flags and Debug Info +======================================= + +Informational pseudo-files: + +======================= ======================================================= +DebugData Displays information about active CIFS sessions and + shares, features enabled as well as the cifs.ko + version. +Stats Lists summary resource usage information as well as per + share statistics. +======================= ======================================================= + +Configuration pseudo-files: + +======================= ======================================================= +SecurityFlags Flags which control security negotiation and + also packet signing. Authentication (may/must) + flags (e.g. for NTLM and/or NTLMv2) may be combined with + the signing flags. Specifying two different password + hashing mechanisms (as "must use") on the other hand + does not make much sense. Default flags are:: + + 0x07007 + + (NTLM, NTLMv2 and packet signing allowed). The maximum + allowable flags if you want to allow mounts to servers + using weaker password hashes is 0x37037 (lanman, + plaintext, ntlm, ntlmv2, signing allowed). Some + SecurityFlags require the corresponding menuconfig + options to be enabled (lanman and plaintext require + CONFIG_CIFS_WEAK_PW_HASH for example). Enabling + plaintext authentication currently requires also + enabling lanman authentication in the security flags + because the cifs module only supports sending + laintext passwords using the older lanman dialect + form of the session setup SMB. (e.g. for authentication + using plain text passwords, set the SecurityFlags + to 0x30030):: + + may use packet signing 0x00001 + must use packet signing 0x01001 + may use NTLM (most common password hash) 0x00002 + must use NTLM 0x02002 + may use NTLMv2 0x00004 + must use NTLMv2 0x04004 + may use Kerberos security 0x00008 + must use Kerberos 0x08008 + may use lanman (weak) password hash 0x00010 + must use lanman password hash 0x10010 + may use plaintext passwords 0x00020 + must use plaintext passwords 0x20020 + (reserved for future packet encryption) 0x00040 + +cifsFYI If set to non-zero value, additional debug information + will be logged to the system error log. This field + contains three flags controlling different classes of + debugging entries. The maximum value it can be set + to is 7 which enables all debugging points (default 0). + Some debugging statements are not compiled into the + cifs kernel unless CONFIG_CIFS_DEBUG2 is enabled in the + kernel configuration. cifsFYI may be set to one or + nore of the following flags (7 sets them all):: + + +-----------------------------------------------+------+ + | log cifs informational messages | 0x01 | + +-----------------------------------------------+------+ + | log return codes from cifs entry points | 0x02 | + +-----------------------------------------------+------+ + | log slow responses | 0x04 | + | (ie which take longer than 1 second) | | + | | | + | CONFIG_CIFS_STATS2 must be enabled in .config | | + +-----------------------------------------------+------+ + +traceSMB If set to one, debug information is logged to the + system error log with the start of smb requests + and responses (default 0) +LookupCacheEnable If set to one, inode information is kept cached + for one second improving performance of lookups + (default 1) +LinuxExtensionsEnabled If set to one then the client will attempt to + use the CIFS "UNIX" extensions which are optional + protocol enhancements that allow CIFS servers + to return accurate UID/GID information as well + as support symbolic links. If you use servers + such as Samba that support the CIFS Unix + extensions but do not want to use symbolic link + support and want to map the uid and gid fields + to values supplied at mount (rather than the + actual values, then set this to zero. (default 1) +======================= ======================================================= + +These experimental features and tracing can be enabled by changing flags in +/proc/fs/cifs (after the cifs module has been installed or built into the +kernel, e.g. insmod cifs). To enable a feature set it to 1 e.g. to enable +tracing to the kernel message log type:: + + echo 7 > /proc/fs/cifs/cifsFYI + +cifsFYI functions as a bit mask. Setting it to 1 enables additional kernel +logging of various informational messages. 2 enables logging of non-zero +SMB return codes while 4 enables logging of requests that take longer +than one second to complete (except for byte range lock requests). +Setting it to 4 requires CONFIG_CIFS_STATS2 to be set in kernel configuration +(.config). Setting it to seven enables all three. Finally, tracing +the start of smb requests and responses can be enabled via:: + + echo 1 > /proc/fs/cifs/traceSMB + +Per share (per client mount) statistics are available in /proc/fs/cifs/Stats. +Additional information is available if CONFIG_CIFS_STATS2 is enabled in the +kernel configuration (.config). The statistics returned include counters which +represent the number of attempted and failed (ie non-zero return code from the +server) SMB3 (or cifs) requests grouped by request type (read, write, close etc.). +Also recorded is the total bytes read and bytes written to the server for +that share. Note that due to client caching effects this can be less than the +number of bytes read and written by the application running on the client. +Statistics can be reset to zero by ``echo 0 > /proc/fs/cifs/Stats`` which may be +useful if comparing performance of two different scenarios. + +Also note that ``cat /proc/fs/cifs/DebugData`` will display information about +the active sessions and the shares that are mounted. + +Enabling Kerberos (extended security) works but requires version 1.2 or later +of the helper program cifs.upcall to be present and to be configured in the +/etc/request-key.conf file. The cifs.upcall helper program is from the Samba +project(http://www.samba.org). NTLM and NTLMv2 and LANMAN support do not +require this helper. Note that NTLMv2 security (which does not require the +cifs.upcall helper program), instead of using Kerberos, is sufficient for +some use cases. + +DFS support allows transparent redirection to shares in an MS-DFS name space. +In addition, DFS support for target shares which are specified as UNC +names which begin with host names (rather than IP addresses) requires +a user space helper (such as cifs.upcall) to be present in order to +translate host names to ip address, and the user space helper must also +be configured in the file /etc/request-key.conf. Samba, Windows servers and +many NAS appliances support DFS as a way of constructing a global name +space to ease network configuration and improve reliability. + +To use cifs Kerberos and DFS support, the Linux keyutils package should be +installed and something like the following lines should be added to the +/etc/request-key.conf file:: + + create cifs.spnego * * /usr/local/sbin/cifs.upcall %k + create dns_resolver * * /usr/local/sbin/cifs.upcall %k + +CIFS kernel module parameters +============================= +These module parameters can be specified or modified either during the time of +module loading or during the runtime by using the interface:: + + /proc/module/cifs/parameters/<param> + +i.e.:: + + echo "value" > /sys/module/cifs/parameters/<param> + +================= ========================================================== +1. enable_oplocks Enable or disable oplocks. Oplocks are enabled by default. + [Y/y/1]. To disable use any of [N/n/0]. +================= ========================================================== diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/winucase_convert.pl b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/winucase_convert.pl new file mode 100755 index 000000000000..322a9c833f23 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/winucase_convert.pl @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +#!/usr/bin/perl -w +# +# winucase_convert.pl -- convert "Windows 8 Upper Case Mapping Table.txt" to +# a two-level set of C arrays. +# +# Copyright 2013: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> +# +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +# + +while(<>) { + next if (!/^0x(..)(..)\t0x(....)\t/); + $firstchar = hex($1); + $secondchar = hex($2); + $uppercase = hex($3); + + $top[$firstchar][$secondchar] = $uppercase; +} + +for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) { + next if (!$top[$i]); + + printf("static const wchar_t t2_%2.2x[256] = {", $i); + for ($j = 0; $j < 256; $j++) { + if (($j % 8) == 0) { + print "\n\t"; + } else { + print " "; + } + printf("0x%4.4x,", $top[$i][$j] ? $top[$i][$j] : 0); + } + print "\n};\n\n"; +} + +printf("static const wchar_t *const toplevel[256] = {", $i); +for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) { + if (($i % 8) == 0) { + print "\n\t"; + } elsif ($top[$i]) { + print " "; + } else { + print " "; + } + + if ($top[$i]) { + printf("t2_%2.2x,", $i); + } else { + print "NULL,"; + } +} +print "\n};\n\n"; diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt index e56e00655153..1c5d2281efc9 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt @@ -1647,8 +1647,17 @@ 0 = /dev/comedi0 First comedi device 1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device ... + 47 = /dev/comedi47 48th comedi device - See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi. + Minors 48 to 255 are reserved for comedi subdevices with + pathnames of the form "/dev/comediX_subdY", where "X" is the + minor number of the associated comedi device and "Y" is the + subdevice number. These subdevice minors are assigned + dynamically, so there is no fixed mapping from subdevice + pathnames to minor numbers. + + See http://www.comedi.org/ for information about the Comedi + project. 98 block User-mode virtual block device 0 = /dev/ubda First user-mode block device diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst index 33feab2f4084..34cc20ee7f3a 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst @@ -77,7 +77,10 @@ configure specific aspects of kernel behavior to your liking. blockdev/index ext4 binderfs + cifs/index xfs + jfs + ufs pm/index thunderbolt LSM/index @@ -98,6 +101,7 @@ configure specific aspects of kernel behavior to your liking. iostats kernel-per-CPU-kthreads laptops/index + auxdisplay/index lcd-panel-cgram ldm lockup-watchdogs @@ -105,6 +109,7 @@ configure specific aspects of kernel behavior to your liking. pnp rtc svga + wimax/index video-output .. only:: subproject and html diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/jfs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/jfs.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9e12d936bc90 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/jfs.rst @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +=========================================== +IBM's Journaled File System (JFS) for Linux +=========================================== + +JFS Homepage: http://jfs.sourceforge.net/ + +The following mount options are supported: + +(*) == default + +iocharset=name + Character set to use for converting from Unicode to + ASCII. The default is to do no conversion. Use + iocharset=utf8 for UTF-8 translations. This requires + CONFIG_NLS_UTF8 to be set in the kernel .config file. + iocharset=none specifies the default behavior explicitly. + +resize=value + Resize the volume to <value> blocks. JFS only supports + growing a volume, not shrinking it. This option is only + valid during a remount, when the volume is mounted + read-write. The resize keyword with no value will grow + the volume to the full size of the partition. + +nointegrity + Do not write to the journal. The primary use of this option + is to allow for higher performance when restoring a volume + from backup media. The integrity of the volume is not + guaranteed if the system abnormally abends. + +integrity(*) + Commit metadata changes to the journal. Use this option to + remount a volume where the nointegrity option was + previously specified in order to restore normal behavior. + +errors=continue + Keep going on a filesystem error. +errors=remount-ro(*) + Remount the filesystem read-only on an error. +errors=panic + Panic and halt the machine if an error occurs. + +uid=value + Override on-disk uid with specified value +gid=value + Override on-disk gid with specified value +umask=value + Override on-disk umask with specified octal value. For + directories, the execute bit will be set if the corresponding + read bit is set. + +discard=minlen, discard/nodiscard(*) + This enables/disables the use of discard/TRIM commands. + The discard/TRIM commands are sent to the underlying + block device when blocks are freed. This is useful for SSD + devices and sparse/thinly-provisioned LUNs. The FITRIM ioctl + command is also available together with the nodiscard option. + The value of minlen specifies the minimum blockcount, when + a TRIM command to the block device is considered useful. + When no value is given to the discard option, it defaults to + 64 blocks, which means 256KiB in JFS. + The minlen value of discard overrides the minlen value given + on an FITRIM ioctl(). + +The JFS mailing list can be subscribed to by using the link labeled +"Mail list Subscribe" at our web page http://jfs.sourceforge.net/ diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt index 520dedae7150..3e2d22eb5e59 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -1044,6 +1044,10 @@ specified address. The serial port must already be setup and configured. Options are not yet supported. + sbi + Use RISC-V SBI (Supervisor Binary Interface) for early + console. + smh Use ARM semihosting calls for early console. s3c2410,<addr> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst index 7b9035c01a2e..72b2cfb066f4 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst @@ -171,22 +171,20 @@ It seems others find it useful as (System Attention Key) which is useful when you want to exit a program that will not let you switch consoles. (For example, X or a svgalib program.) -``reboot(b)`` is good when you're unable to shut down. But you should also -``sync(s)`` and ``umount(u)`` first. +``reboot(b)`` is good when you're unable to shut down, it is an equivalent +of pressing the "reset" button. ``crash(c)`` can be used to manually trigger a crashdump when the system is hung. Note that this just triggers a crash if there is no dump mechanism available. -``sync(s)`` is great when your system is locked up, it allows you to sync your -disks and will certainly lessen the chance of data loss and fscking. Note -that the sync hasn't taken place until you see the "OK" and "Done" appear -on the screen. (If the kernel is really in strife, you may not ever get the -OK or Done message...) +``sync(s)`` is handy before yanking removable medium or after using a rescue +shell that provides no graceful shutdown -- it will ensure your data is +safely written to the disk. Note that the sync hasn't taken place until you see +the "OK" and "Done" appear on the screen. -``umount(u)`` is basically useful in the same ways as ``sync(s)``. I generally -``sync(s)``, ``umount(u)``, then ``reboot(b)`` when my system locks. It's saved -me many a fsck. Again, the unmount (remount read-only) hasn't taken place until -you see the "OK" and "Done" message appear on the screen. +``umount(u)`` can be used to mark filesystems as properly unmounted. From the +running system's point of view, they will be remounted read-only. The remount +isn't complete until you see the "OK" and "Done" message appear on the screen. The loglevels ``0``-``9`` are useful when your console is being flooded with kernel messages you do not want to see. Selecting ``0`` will prevent all but diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/ufs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/ufs.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..55d15297f8d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/ufs.rst @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +========= +Using UFS +========= + +mount -t ufs -o ufstype=type_of_ufs device dir + + +UFS Options +=========== + +ufstype=type_of_ufs + UFS is a file system widely used in different operating systems. + The problem are differences among implementations. Features of + some implementations are undocumented, so its hard to recognize + type of ufs automatically. That's why user must specify type of + ufs manually by mount option ufstype. Possible values are: + + old + old format of ufs + default value, supported as read-only + + 44bsd + used in FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD + supported as read-write + + ufs2 + used in FreeBSD 5.x + supported as read-write + + 5xbsd + synonym for ufs2 + + sun + used in SunOS (Solaris) + supported as read-write + + sunx86 + used in SunOS for Intel (Solarisx86) + supported as read-write + + hp + used in HP-UX + supported as read-only + + nextstep + used in NextStep + supported as read-only + + nextstep-cd + used for NextStep CDROMs (block_size == 2048) + supported as read-only + + openstep + used in OpenStep + supported as read-only + + +Possible Problems +----------------- + +See next section, if you have any. + + +Bug Reports +----------- + +Any ufs bug report you can send to daniel.pirkl@email.cz or +to dushistov@mail.ru (do not send partition tables bug reports). diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/wimax/i2400m.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/wimax/i2400m.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..194388c0c351 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/wimax/i2400m.rst @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ +.. include:: <isonum.txt> + +==================================================== +Driver for the Intel Wireless Wimax Connection 2400m +==================================================== + +:Copyright: |copy| 2008 Intel Corporation < linux-wimax@intel.com > + + This provides a driver for the Intel Wireless WiMAX Connection 2400m + and a basic Linux kernel WiMAX stack. + +1. Requirements +=============== + + * Linux installation with Linux kernel 2.6.22 or newer (if building + from a separate tree) + * Intel i2400m Echo Peak or Baxter Peak; this includes the Intel + Wireless WiMAX/WiFi Link 5x50 series. + * build tools: + + + Linux kernel development package for the target kernel; to + build against your currently running kernel, you need to have + the kernel development package corresponding to the running + image installed (usually if your kernel is named + linux-VERSION, the development package is called + linux-dev-VERSION or linux-headers-VERSION). + + GNU C Compiler, make + +2. Compilation and installation +=============================== + +2.1. Compilation of the drivers included in the kernel +------------------------------------------------------ + + Configure the kernel; to enable the WiMAX drivers select Drivers > + Networking Drivers > WiMAX device support. Enable all of them as + modules (easier). + + If USB or SDIO are not enabled in the kernel configuration, the options + to build the i2400m USB or SDIO drivers will not show. Enable said + subsystems and go back to the WiMAX menu to enable the drivers. + + Compile and install your kernel as usual. + +2.2. Compilation of the drivers distributed as an standalone module +------------------------------------------------------------------- + + To compile:: + + $ cd source/directory + $ make + + Once built you can load and unload using the provided load.sh script; + load.sh will load the modules, load.sh u will unload them. + + To install in the default kernel directories (and enable auto loading + when the device is plugged):: + + $ make install + $ depmod -a + + If your kernel development files are located in a non standard + directory or if you want to build for a kernel that is not the + currently running one, set KDIR to the right location:: + + $ make KDIR=/path/to/kernel/dev/tree + + For more information, please contact linux-wimax@intel.com. + +3. Installing the firmware +-------------------------- + + The firmware can be obtained from http://linuxwimax.org or might have + been supplied with your hardware. + + It has to be installed in the target system:: + + $ cp FIRMWAREFILE.sbcf /lib/firmware/i2400m-fw-BUSTYPE-1.3.sbcf + + * NOTE: if your firmware came in an .rpm or .deb file, just install + it as normal, with the rpm (rpm -i FIRMWARE.rpm) or dpkg + (dpkg -i FIRMWARE.deb) commands. No further action is needed. + * BUSTYPE will be usb or sdio, depending on the hardware you have. + Each hardware type comes with its own firmware and will not work + with other types. + +4. Design +========= + + This package contains two major parts: a WiMAX kernel stack and a + driver for the Intel i2400m. + + The WiMAX stack is designed to provide for common WiMAX control + services to current and future WiMAX devices from any vendor; please + see README.wimax for details. + + The i2400m kernel driver is broken up in two main parts: the bus + generic driver and the bus-specific drivers. The bus generic driver + forms the drivercore and contain no knowledge of the actual method we + use to connect to the device. The bus specific drivers are just the + glue to connect the bus-generic driver and the device. Currently only + USB and SDIO are supported. See drivers/net/wimax/i2400m/i2400m.h for + more information. + + The bus generic driver is logically broken up in two parts: OS-glue and + hardware-glue. The OS-glue interfaces with Linux. The hardware-glue + interfaces with the device on using an interface provided by the + bus-specific driver. The reason for this breakup is to be able to + easily reuse the hardware-glue to write drivers for other OSes; note + the hardware glue part is written as a native Linux driver; no + abstraction layers are used, so to port to another OS, the Linux kernel + API calls should be replaced with the target OS's. + +5. Usage +======== + + To load the driver, follow the instructions in the install section; + once the driver is loaded, plug in the device (unless it is permanently + plugged in). The driver will enumerate the device, upload the firmware + and output messages in the kernel log (dmesg, /var/log/messages or + /var/log/kern.log) such as:: + + ... + i2400m_usb 5-4:1.0: firmware interface version 8.0.0 + i2400m_usb 5-4:1.0: WiMAX interface wmx0 (00:1d:e1:01:94:2c) ready + + At this point the device is ready to work. + + Current versions require the Intel WiMAX Network Service in userspace + to make things work. See the network service's README for instructions + on how to scan, connect and disconnect. + +5.1. Module parameters +---------------------- + + Module parameters can be set at kernel or module load time or by + echoing values:: + + $ echo VALUE > /sys/module/MODULENAME/parameters/PARAMETERNAME + + To make changes permanent, for example, for the i2400m module, you can + also create a file named /etc/modprobe.d/i2400m containing:: + + options i2400m idle_mode_disabled=1 + + To find which parameters are supported by a module, run:: + + $ modinfo path/to/module.ko + + During kernel bootup (if the driver is linked in the kernel), specify + the following to the kernel command line:: + + i2400m.PARAMETER=VALUE + +5.1.1. i2400m: idle_mode_disabled +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + The i2400m module supports a parameter to disable idle mode. This + parameter, once set, will take effect only when the device is + reinitialized by the driver (eg: following a reset or a reconnect). + +5.2. Debug operations: debugfs entries +-------------------------------------- + + The driver will register debugfs entries that allow the user to tweak + debug settings. There are three main container directories where + entries are placed, which correspond to the three blocks a i2400m WiMAX + driver has: + + * /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:DEVNAME/ for the generic WiMAX stack + controls + * /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:DEVNAME/i2400m for the i2400m generic + driver controls + * /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:DEVNAME/i2400m-usb (or -sdio) for the + bus-specific i2400m-usb or i2400m-sdio controls). + + Of course, if debugfs is mounted in a directory other than + /sys/kernel/debug, those paths will change. + +5.2.1. Increasing debug output +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + The files named *dl_* indicate knobs for controlling the debug output + of different submodules:: + + # find /sys/kernel/debug/wimax\:wmx0 -name \*dl_\* + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m-usb/dl_tx + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m-usb/dl_rx + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m-usb/dl_notif + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m-usb/dl_fw + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m-usb/dl_usb + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/dl_tx + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/dl_rx + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/dl_rfkill + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/dl_netdev + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/dl_fw + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/dl_debugfs + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/dl_driver + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/dl_control + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_stack + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_op_rfkill + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_op_reset + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_op_msg + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_id_table + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_debugfs + + By reading the file you can obtain the current value of said debug + level; by writing to it, you can set it. + + To increase the debug level of, for example, the i2400m's generic TX + engine, just write:: + + $ echo 3 > /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/dl_tx + + Increasing numbers yield increasing debug information; for details of + what is printed and the available levels, check the source. The code + uses 0 for disabled and increasing values until 8. + +5.2.2. RX and TX statistics +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + The i2400m/rx_stats and i2400m/tx_stats provide statistics about the + data reception/delivery from the device:: + + $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/rx_stats + 45 1 3 34 3104 48 480 + + The numbers reported are: + + * packets/RX-buffer: total, min, max + * RX-buffers: total RX buffers received, accumulated RX buffer size + in bytes, min size received, max size received + + Thus, to find the average buffer size received, divide accumulated + RX-buffer / total RX-buffers. + + To clear the statistics back to 0, write anything to the rx_stats file:: + + $ echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m_rx_stats + + Likewise for TX. + + Note the packets this debug file refers to are not network packet, but + packets in the sense of the device-specific protocol for communication + to the host. See drivers/net/wimax/i2400m/tx.c. + +5.2.3. Tracing messages received from user space +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + To echo messages received from user space into the trace pipe that the + i2400m driver creates, set the debug file i2400m/trace_msg_from_user to + 1:: + + $ echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/i2400m/trace_msg_from_user + +5.2.4. Performing a device reset +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + By writing a 0, a 1 or a 2 to the file + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/reset, the driver performs a warm (without + disconnecting from the bus), cold (disconnecting from the bus) or bus + (bus specific) reset on the device. + +5.2.5. Asking the device to enter power saving mode +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + By writing any value to the /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0 file, the + device will attempt to enter power saving mode. + +6. Troubleshooting +================== + +6.1. Driver complains about ``i2400m-fw-usb-1.2.sbcf: request failed`` +---------------------------------------------------------------------- + + If upon connecting the device, the following is output in the kernel + log:: + + i2400m_usb 5-4:1.0: fw i2400m-fw-usb-1.3.sbcf: request failed: -2 + + This means that the driver cannot locate the firmware file named + /lib/firmware/i2400m-fw-usb-1.2.sbcf. Check that the file is present in + the right location. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/wimax/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/wimax/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..fdf7c1f99ff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/wimax/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +=============== +WiMAX subsystem +=============== + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + wimax + + i2400m + +.. only:: subproject and html + + Indices + ======= + + * :ref:`genindex` diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/wimax/wimax.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/wimax/wimax.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..817ee8ba2732 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/wimax/wimax.rst @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.. include:: <isonum.txt> + +======================== +Linux kernel WiMAX stack +======================== + +:Copyright: |copy| 2008 Intel Corporation < linux-wimax@intel.com > + + This provides a basic Linux kernel WiMAX stack to provide a common + control API for WiMAX devices, usable from kernel and user space. + +1. Design +========= + + The WiMAX stack is designed to provide for common WiMAX control + services to current and future WiMAX devices from any vendor. + + Because currently there is only one and we don't know what would be the + common services, the APIs it currently provides are very minimal. + However, it is done in such a way that it is easily extensible to + accommodate future requirements. + + The stack works by embedding a struct wimax_dev in your device's + control structures. This provides a set of callbacks that the WiMAX + stack will call in order to implement control operations requested by + the user. As well, the stack provides API functions that the driver + calls to notify about changes of state in the device. + + The stack exports the API calls needed to control the device to user + space using generic netlink as a marshalling mechanism. You can access + them using your own code or use the wrappers provided for your + convenience in libwimax (in the wimax-tools package). + + For detailed information on the stack, please see + include/linux/wimax.h. + +2. Usage +======== + + For usage in a driver (registration, API, etc) please refer to the + instructions in the header file include/linux/wimax.h. + + When a device is registered with the WiMAX stack, a set of debugfs + files will appear in /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmxX can tweak for + control. + +2.1. Obtaining debug information: debugfs entries +------------------------------------------------- + + The WiMAX stack is compiled, by default, with debug messages that can + be used to diagnose issues. By default, said messages are disabled. + + The drivers will register debugfs entries that allow the user to tweak + debug settings. + + Each driver, when registering with the stack, will cause a debugfs + directory named wimax:DEVICENAME to be created; optionally, it might + create more subentries below it. + +2.1.1. Increasing debug output +------------------------------ + + The files named *dl_* indicate knobs for controlling the debug output + of different submodules of the WiMAX stack:: + + # find /sys/kernel/debug/wimax\:wmx0 -name \*dl_\* + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_stack + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_op_rfkill + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_op_reset + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_op_msg + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_id_table + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_debugfs + /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/.... # other driver specific files + + NOTE: + Of course, if debugfs is mounted in a directory other than + /sys/kernel/debug, those paths will change. + + By reading the file you can obtain the current value of said debug + level; by writing to it, you can set it. + + To increase the debug level of, for example, the id-table submodule, + just write: + + $ echo 3 > /sys/kernel/debug/wimax:wmx0/wimax_dl_id_table + + Increasing numbers yield increasing debug information; for details of + what is printed and the available levels, check the source. The code + uses 0 for disabled and increasing values until 8. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst index e76665a8f2f2..fb5b39f73059 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst @@ -337,11 +337,12 @@ None at present. Removed Sysctls =============== +============================= ======= Name Removed - ---- ------- +============================= ======= fs.xfs.xfsbufd_centisec v4.0 fs.xfs.age_buffer_centisecs v4.0 - +============================= ======= Error handling ============== |