summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt
blob: 7ccf933bfbe0dfada4a36522273527735536856a (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
		Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
		==========================================
			    Configuration guide


Kernel Configuration
====================

To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND).  Since ALSA can emulate OSS,
you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.

Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.

If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
(CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).

To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
and "Debug" options.  To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
too.  "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.

Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
(if the card supports ISA PnP).  You don't need to configure the cards
using isapnptools.


Creating ALSA devices
=====================

This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV
script to create the necessary device nodes.  On some systems you use a
script named 'snddevices'.


Module parameters
=================

The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.

Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.

  Module snd
  ----------

    The core ALSA module.  It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
    It takes the following options which have global effects.

    major	- major number for sound driver
		- Default: 116
    cards_limit
		- limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8)
		- Default: 1
		- For auto-loading more than one card, specify this
		  option together with snd-card-X aliases.
    slots	- Reserve the slot index for the given driver.
		  This option takes multiple strings.		
		  See "Module Autoloading Support" section for details.
    debug	- Specifies the debug message level
		  (0 = disable debug prints, 1 = normal debug messages,
		   2 = verbose debug messages)
		  This option appears only when CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y.
		  This option can be dynamically changed via sysfs
		  /sys/modules/snd/parameters/debug file.
  
  Module snd-pcm-oss
  ------------------

    The PCM OSS emulation module.
    This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.

    dsp_map	- PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
		- Default: 0
    adsp_map	- PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
		- Default: 1
    nonblock_open
		- Don't block opening busy PCM devices.  Default: 1

    For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
    the card #0.  Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
    to PCM #0 of the card #0.
    For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
    commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".

    nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
    regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
    opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
    immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
    
  Module snd-rawmidi
  ------------------

    This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
    similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.

    midi_map	- MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
		- Default: 0
    amidi_map	- MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
		- Default: 1

  Common parameters for top sound card modules
  --------------------------------------------

    Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.

    index	- index (slot #) of sound card
		- Values: 0 through 31 or negative
		- If nonnegative, assign that index number
                - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible
		  indices; the first free permitted index is assigned
		- Default: -1
    id		- card ID (identifier or name)
		- Can be up to 15 characters long
		- Default: the card type
		- A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
		  containing information about the card
		- This ID can be used instead of the index number in
		  identifying the card
    enable  	- enable card
		- Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards

  Module snd-adlib
  ----------------

    Module for AdLib FM cards.

    port	- port # for OPL chip

    This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
    the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
    Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
    synthesis.

    Make sure you have "sbiload" from the alsa-tools package available and,
    after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
    number through "sbiload -l". Example output:

      Port     Client name                       Port name
      64:0     OPL2 FM synth                     OPL2 FM Port

    Load the std.sb and drums.sb patches also supplied by sbiload:

      sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb

    If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use std.o3 and drums.o3
    instead. To have the card produce sound, use aplaymidi from alsa-utils:

      aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid

  Module snd-ad1816a
  ------------------

    Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.

    clockfreq   - Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
    
    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
    
  Module snd-ad1848
  -----------------

    Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.

    port	- port # for AD1848 chip
    irq		- IRQ # for AD1848  chip
    dma1	- DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
    
    This module supports multiple cards.  It does not support autoprobe
    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-ad1889
  -----------------

    Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.

    ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
                  See the description of intel8x0 module for details.

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-ali5451
  ------------------

    Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.

    pcm_channels    - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
    spdif           - Support SPDIF I/O
    		    - Default: disabled

    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-als100
  -----------------

    Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.

    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-als300
  -----------------

    Module for  Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+

    This module supports multiple cards.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-als4000
  ------------------

    Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.

    joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
                    0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
    
    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-asihpi
  -----------------

    Module for AudioScience ASI soundcards

    enable_hpi_hwdep	- enable HPI hwdep for AudioScience soundcard

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-atiixp
  -----------------

    Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.

    ac97_clock		- AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
    ac97_quirk		- AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
			  See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
    ac97_codec		- Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec 
			  instead of probing.  If this works for you
			  file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
			  -2  -- Force probing.
			  -1  -- Default behavior.
			  0-2 -- Use the specified codec.
    spdif_aclink	- S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)

    This module supports one card and autoprobe.

    ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output.  One is
    over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output.  The
    implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
    choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-atiixp-modem
  -----------------------

    Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.

    This module supports one card and autoprobe.

    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
          slot is excluded.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
  -----------------------------------------

    Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.

    pcifix	- Control PCI workarounds
		  0 = Disable all workarounds
		  1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
		  2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
		      Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
		  3 = Force both settings
		  255 = Autodetect what is required (default)

    This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
    EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
    Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
    http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
    SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
    "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
    The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and 
    Advantage.

    Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate 
           control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
           another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).

  Module snd-azt1605
  ------------------

    Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT1605
    chipset.

    port	- port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
    wss_port	- port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
    irq		- IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
    dma1	- DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
    dma2	- DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (3,5,7,9), -1 = disabled (default)
    fm_port	- port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)

    This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe: port,
    wss_port, irq and dma1 have to be specified. The other values are
    optional.

    "port" needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
    or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
    their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
    be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.

    If dma2 is specified and different from dma1, the card will operate in
    full-duplex mode. When dma1=3, only dma2=0 is valid and the only way to
    enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.

    Generic settings are "port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
    mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388".

    Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
    legacy ISA in your BIOS.

  Module snd-azt2316
  ------------------

    Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT2316
    chipset.

    port	- port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
    wss_port	- port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
    irq		- IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
    dma1	- DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
    dma2	- DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10), -1 = disabled (default)
    fm_port	- port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)

    This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe: port,
    wss_port, irq and dma1 have to be specified. The other values are
    optional.

    "port" needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
    or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
    their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
    be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.

    If dma2 is specified and different from dma1, the card will operate in
    full-duplex mode. When dma1=3, only dma2=0 is valid and the only way to
    enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.

    Generic settings are "port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
    mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388".

    Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
    legacy ISA in your BIOS.

  Module snd-aw2
  --------------

    Module for Audiowerk2 sound card

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-azt2320
  ------------------

    Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).

    This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-azt3328
  ------------------

    Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.

    joystick	- Enable joystick (default off)

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-bt87x
  ----------------

    Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.

    digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)
    load_all	- Load the driver even if the card model isn't known

    This module supports multiple cards.

    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
          slot is excluded.

  Module snd-ca0106
  -----------------

    Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit

    This module supports multiple cards.


  Module snd-cmi8330
  ------------------

    Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.

    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    wssport	- port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
    wssirq	- IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
    wssdma	- first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
    sbport	- port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
    sbirq	- IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
    sbdma8	- 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
    sbdma16	- 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
    fmport	- (optional) OPL3 I/O port
    mpuport	- (optional) MPU401 I/O port
    mpuirq	- (optional) MPU401 irq #

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-cmipci
  -----------------

    Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.

    mpu_port    - port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
		  0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
		  0 = disable (default)
    fm_port     - port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
		  0x388 = legacy port,
		  1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
		  0 = disable
    soft_ac3    - Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
                  (default = 1)
    joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)

    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-cs4231
  -----------------

    Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.

    port	- port # for CS4231 chip
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
    irq		- IRQ # for CS4231 chip
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
    dma1	- first DMA # for CS4231 chip
    dma2	- second DMA # for CS4231 chip
    
    This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.

    The power-management is supported.
    
  Module snd-cs4236
  -----------------

    Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A,
    	       	     	   	   CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
                                   CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.

    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    port	- port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
    cport	- control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
    fm_port	- FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
    irq		- IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
    dma2	- second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
    
    This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
    (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
    specified!!! Other ports are optional.

    The power-management is supported.

    This module is aliased as snd-cs4232 since it provides the old
    snd-cs4232 functionality, too.

  Module snd-cs4281
  -----------------

    Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.

    dual_codec	- Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)

    This module supports multiple cards.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-cs46xx
  -----------------

    Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
				       CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.

    external_amp     - Force to enable external amplifier.
    thinkpad         - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
    mmap_valid       - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
    Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
    from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
    above explicitly.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-cs5530
  _________________

    Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip. 
  
  Module snd-cs5535audio
  ----------------------

    Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-ctxfi
  ----------------

    Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic

    reference_rate	- reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
    multiple		- multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
    subsystem		- override the PCI SSID for probing; the value
			  consists of SSVID << 16 | SSDID.  The default is
			  zero, which means no override.

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-darla20
  ------------------

    Module for Echoaudio Darla20

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-darla24
  ------------------

    Module for Echoaudio Darla24

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-dt019x
  -----------------

    Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
    only)

    This module supports multiple cards.  This module is enabled only with
    ISA PnP support.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-dummy
  ----------------

    Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
    or input, but you may use this module for any application which
    requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).

    pcm_devs       - Number of PCM devices assigned to each card
                     (default = 1, up to 4)
    pcm_substreams - Number of PCM substreams assigned to each PCM
                     (default = 8, up to 128)
    hrtimer        - Use hrtimer (=1, default) or system timer (=0)
    fake_buffer    - Fake buffer allocations (default = 1)

    When multiple PCM devices are created, snd-dummy gives different
    behavior to each PCM device:
      0 = interleaved with mmap support
      1 = non-interleaved with mmap support
      2 = interleaved without mmap 
      3 = non-interleaved without mmap

    As default, snd-dummy drivers doesn't allocate the real buffers
    but either ignores read/write or mmap a single dummy page to all
    buffer pages, in order to save the resources.  If your apps need
    the read/ written buffer data to be consistent, pass fake_buffer=0
    option.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-echo3g
  -----------------

    Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-emu10k1
  ------------------

    Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
			* Sound Blaster Live!
			* Sound Blaster PCI 512
			* Emu APS (partially supported)
			* Sound Blaster Audigy

    extin   - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
    extout  - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
    seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
    max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
    max_buffer_size  - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
                       given in MB unit.  Default value is 128.
    enable_ir - enable IR

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.

    Input & Output configurations 			[extin/extout]
	* Creative Card wo/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f03]
	* Creative Card w/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f0f]
	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in			[0x000f/0x1f0f]
	* Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
	* Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive	[0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
	* Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
	* Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
        * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fff]
	* Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003			[0x3fc3/0x7cff]
        * Creative Card all ins and outs		[0x3fff/0x7fff]
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-emu10k1x
  -------------------

    Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-ens1370
  ------------------

    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
			* SoundBlaster PCI 64
			* SoundBlaster PCI 128

    joystick		- Enable joystick (default off)

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-ens1371
  ------------------

    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
			* SoundBlaster PCI 64
			* SoundBlaster PCI 128
			* SoundBlaster Vibra PCI

    joystick_port	- port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
			  0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-es1688
  -----------------

    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.

    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
    fm_port	- port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default)

    with isapnp=0, the following additional options are available:
    port	- port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
    dma8	- DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port)
    and PnP with the ES968 chip.

  Module snd-es18xx
  -----------------

    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.

    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    port	- port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
    fm_port	- port # for FM (optional, not used)
    irq		- IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
    dma1	- first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
    dma2	- first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)

    This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
    port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
    When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-es1938
  -----------------

    Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-es1968
  -----------------

    Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.

    total_bufsize	- total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
    pcm_substreams_p	- playback channels (1-8, default=2)
    pcm_substreams_c	- capture channels (1-8, default=0)
    clock		- clock (0 = auto-detection)
    use_pm		- support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
			  2 = auto (default))
    enable_mpu		- enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
    joystick		- enable joystick (default off)       

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-fm801
  ----------------

    Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.

    tea575x_tuner       - Enable TEA575x tuner
                          - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS
                          - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR
                          - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR  
                          - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1
                          - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-gina20
  -----------------

    Module for Echoaudio Gina20

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-gina24
  -----------------

    Module for Echoaudio Gina24

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-gusclassic
  ---------------------

    Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.

    port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
    dma2	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.

  Module snd-gusextreme
  ---------------------

    Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.

    port	- port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    gf1_port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
    irq		- IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
    gf1_irq	- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
    dma8	- DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).

  Module snd-gusmax
  -----------------

    Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.

    port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
    dma2	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
    
  Module snd-hda-intel
  --------------------

    Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10,
			PCH, SCH),
		ATI SB450, SB600, R600, RS600, RS690, RS780, RV610, RV620,
			RV630, RV635, RV670, RV770,
		VIA VT8251/VT8237A,
		SIS966, ULI M5461

    [Multiple options for each card instance]
    model	- force the model name
    position_fix - Fix DMA pointer
		  -1 = system default: choose appropriate one per controller
			hardware
		  0 = auto: falls back to LPIB when POSBUF doesn't work
		  1 = use LPIB
		  2 = POSBUF: use position buffer
		  3 = VIACOMBO: VIA-specific workaround for capture
		  4 = COMBO: use LPIB for playback, auto for capture stream
    probe_mask  - Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots)
    		  When the bit 8 (0x100) is set, the lower 8 bits are used
		  as the "fixed" codec slots; i.e. the driver probes the
		  slots regardless what hardware reports back
    probe_only	- Only probing and no codec initialization (default=off);
		  Useful to check the initial codec status for debugging
    bdl_pos_adj	- Specifies the DMA IRQ timing delay in samples.
		Passing -1 will make the driver to choose the appropriate
		value based on the controller chip.
    patch	- Specifies the early "patch" files to modify the HD-audio
    		setup before initializing the codecs.  This option is
		available only when CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y is set.
		See HD-Audio.txt for details.
    beep_mode	- Selects the beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on); default
		value is set via CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE kconfig.
    
    [Single (global) options]
    single_cmd  - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
		codecs (for debugging only)
    enable_msi	- Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
    power_save	- Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 =
		disable)
    power_save_controller - Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode
		(default = on)
    align_buffer_size - Force rounding of buffer/period sizes to multiples
    		      of 128 bytes. This is more efficient in terms of memory
		      access but isn't required by the HDA spec and prevents
		      users from specifying exact period/buffer sizes.
		      (default = on)
    snoop	- Enable/disable snooping (default = on)

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
    
    See Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt for more details about
    HD-audio driver.

    Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
    If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
    configuration is set up.  You can pass "model=<name>" option to
    specify a certain model in such a case.  There are different
    models depending on the codec chip.  The list of available models
    is found in HD-Audio-Models.txt

    The model name "generic" is treated as a special case.  When this
    model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
    "codec-patch".  It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.

    If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
    matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh
    output (with --no-upload option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel
    ML (see the section "Links and Addresses").

    power_save and power_save_controller options are for power-saving
    mode.  See powersave.txt for details.

    Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
	    position_fix=1 or 2.  position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB
	    register value without FIFO size correction as the current
	    DMA pointer.  position_fix=2 will make the driver to use
	    the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
	    (Usually SD_LPIB register is more accurate than the
	    position buffer.)

	    position_fix=3 is specific to VIA devices.  The position
	    of the capture stream is checked from both LPIB and POSBUF
	    values.  position_fix=4 is a combination mode, using LPIB
	    for playback and POSBUF for capture.

    NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
    loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
    routing).  Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi".  Also, you
    can try "single_cmd=1" module option.  This will switch the
    communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
    single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB.  Basically, the
    single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
    unsolicited events, too.  But, at least, this works independently
    from the irq.  Remember this is a last resort, and should be
    avoided as much as possible...
    
    MORE NOTES ON "azx_get_response timeout" PROBLEMS:
    On some hardware, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
    to avoid the "azx_get_response timeout" problem above, instead.
    This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
    (likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
    bus.  You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
    CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE, or simply from the file name of the codec
    proc files.  Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
    For example, probe_mask=1 means to probe only the first slot, and
    probe_mask=4 means only the third slot.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-hdsp
  ---------------

    Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)

    This module supports multiple cards.

    Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
          when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set.  Otherwise, you need to load
          the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
          package.
          The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.

    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
          when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
          stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
	  section.

  Module snd-hdspm
  ----------------

    Module for RME HDSP MADI board.

    precise_ptr		- Enable precise pointer, or disable.
    line_outs_monitor	- Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
    enable_monitor	- Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.

    See hdspm.txt for details.

  Module snd-ice1712
  ------------------

    Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
			* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
                        * TerraTec EWS 88MT
                        * TerraTec EWS 88D
                        * TerraTec EWX 24/96
                        * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
			* TerraTec Phase 88
                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
			* Event Electronics, EZ8
                        * Digigram VX442
			* Lionstracs, Mediastaton
			* Terrasoniq TS 88

    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
		  delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
		  delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
		  dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
		  phase88, mediastation
    omni	- Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
    cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver)
                     in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
    is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
    serie).

    Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
	  SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
	  model by passing "model" module option in case that the
	  driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
	  type for testing.

  Module snd-ice1724
  ------------------

    Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
			* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
			* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
			* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
			* AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
			* TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
			* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
			* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
			* TerraTec Phase 22
			* TerraTec Phase 28
			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HIFI
			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HD2
			* AudioTrak Prodigy 192
			* Pontis MS300
			* Albatron K8X800 Pro II 
			* Chaintech ZNF3-150
			* Chaintech ZNF3-250
			* Chaintech 9CJS
			* Chaintech AV-710
			* Shuttle SN25P
			* Onkyo SE-90PCI
			* Onkyo SE-200PCI
			* ESI Juli@
			* ESI Maya44
			* Hercules Fortissimo IV
			* EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M

    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
		  revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
		  prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
		  juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
		  phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
		  fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.

    Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
	  SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
	  model by passing "model" module option in case that the
	  driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
	  type for testing.

  Module snd-indigo
  -----------------

    Module for Echoaudio Indigo

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-indigodj
  -------------------

    Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-indigoio
  -------------------

    Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-intel8x0
  -------------------

    Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
			* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
				ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, 6300ESB, ESB2
			* SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
			* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804
				 CK8, CK8S, MCP501
			* AMD AMD768, AMD8111
			* ALi m5455

    ac97_clock	  - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
    ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
		    See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
    buggy_irq     - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some
                    motherboards (default yes on nForce chips,
		    otherwise off)
    buggy_semaphore - Enable workaround for hardware with buggy
		    semaphores (e.g. on some ASUS laptops)
		    (default off)
    spdif_aclink  - Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection
		    from the controller chip
		    (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)

    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.

    Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
    if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
    explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".

    Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver.  If your
    motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
    modules, respectively.

    The power-management is supported.
    
  Module snd-intel8x0m
  --------------------

    Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
			* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
				ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
			* SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
			* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
			* AMD AMD8111
			* ALi m5455

    ac97_clock	  - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)

    This module supports one card and autoprobe.

    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
          slot is excluded.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-interwave
  --------------------

    Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
    and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
  
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    midi	- 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
    effect	- 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
                  requires 8 voices
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    port	- port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
    dma2	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)

    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.

  Module snd-interwave-stb
  ------------------------

    Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
    and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
    circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
  
    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
    midi	- 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
    effect	- 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
                  requires 8 voices
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    port	- port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    port_tc	- tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
    irq		- IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
    dma1	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
    dma2	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)

    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.

  Module snd-jazz16
  -------------------

    Module for Media Vision Jazz16 chipset. The chipset consists of 3 chips:
    MVD1216 + MVA416 + MVA514.

    port	- port # for SB DSP chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP chip (3,5,7,9,10,15)
    dma8	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
    dma16	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (5,7)
    mpu_port	- MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 irq # (2,3,5,7)

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-korg1212
  -------------------

    Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-layla20
  ------------------

    Module for Echoaudio Layla20

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-layla24
  ------------------

    Module for Echoaudio Layla24

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-lola
  ---------------

    Module for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-lx6464es
  -------------------

    Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-maestro3
  -------------------

    Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips

    external_amp     - enable external amp (enabled by default)
    amp_gpio         - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
                       -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
                       others) 

    This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.

    Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
    If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
    specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option. 
    For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
    option.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-mia
  ---------------

    Module for Echoaudio Mia

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-miro
  ---------------

    Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro, 
				miroSOUND PCM 12,
				miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.

    port	- Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
    irq		- IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
    dma1	- 1st dma # (0,1,3)
    dma2	- 2nd dma # (0,1)
    mpu_port	- MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
    fm_port	- FM Port # (0x388)
    wss		- enable WSS mode
    ide		- enable onboard ide support

  Module snd-mixart
  -----------------

    Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.

    This module supports multiple cards.
    Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
          See MIXART.txt for details.

    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
    firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.

  Module snd-mona
  ---------------

    Module for Echoaudio Mona

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-mpu401
  -----------------

    Module for MPU-401 UART devices.

    port	- port number or -1 (disable)
    irq		- IRQ number or -1 (disable)
    pnp		- PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
    
  Module snd-msnd-classic
  -----------------------

    Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti or Monterey
    soundcards.

    io		- Port # for msnd-classic card
    irq		- IRQ # for msnd-classic card
    mem		- Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000,
		  0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
    write_ndelay - enable write ndelay (default = 1)
    calibrate_signal - calibrate signal (default = 0)
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
    digital	- Digital daughterboard present (default = 0)
    cfg		- Config port (0x250, 0x260 or 0x270) default = PnP
    reset	- Reset all devices
    mpu_io	- MPU401 I/O port
    mpu_irq	- MPU401 irq#
    ide_io0	- IDE port #0
    ide_io1	- IDE port #1
    ide_irq	- IDE irq#
    joystick_io	- Joystick I/O port

    The driver requires firmware files "turtlebeach/msndinit.bin" and
    "turtlebeach/msndperm.bin" in the proper firmware directory.

    See Documentation/sound/oss/MultiSound for important information
    about this driver.  Note that it has been discontinued, but the 
    Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available
    at
	http://www.turtlebeach.com

  Module snd-msnd-pinnacle
  ------------------------

    Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle/Fiji soundcards.

    io		- Port # for pinnacle/fiji card
    irq		- IRQ # for pinnalce/fiji card
    mem		- Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000,
		  0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
    write_ndelay - enable write ndelay (default = 1)
    calibrate_signal - calibrate signal (default = 0)
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    The driver requires firmware files "turtlebeach/pndspini.bin" and
    "turtlebeach/pndsperm.bin" in the proper firmware directory.

  Module snd-mtpav
  ----------------

    Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
    port).

    port	- I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
    irq		- IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
    hwports	- number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
    
    Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.

  Module snd-mts64
  ----------------

    Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140

    This module supports multiple devices.
    Requires parport (CONFIG_PARPORT).

  Module snd-nm256
  ----------------

    Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips

    playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
    capture_bufsize  - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
    force_ac97       - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
    buffer_top       - specify buffer top address
    use_cache        - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
    vaio_hack        - alias buffer_top=0x25a800
    reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
    reset_workaround2 - enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some
		      other laptops

    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.

    The power-management is supported.

    Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
    automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
    In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
    the buffer_top option.
    For example,
      Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
      Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
    The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
    to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
    case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
    works!

    Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
    codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
    with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
    even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
    other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
    but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to specify isapnp=0
    and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.

    Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET.  For the
    known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
    workaround is enabled automatically.  For other laptops with a
    hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option.

    Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
    AC97 RESET.  On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
    turned on as default.  This option is worth to try if the
    previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.

    Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
    OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
    The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
    X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
    the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
    you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
    problem.

  Module snd-opl3sa2
  ------------------

    Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.

    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    port	- control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
    sb_port	- SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
    wss_port	- WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
    midi_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
    fm_port	- FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
    irq		- IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
    dma1	- first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
    dma2	- second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
    
    This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.  It does not support
    autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
  -------------------------

    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
    Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
    
    isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)

    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.

  Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
  -------------------------

    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
    
    isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)

    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.

  Module snd-opti93x
  ------------------

    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
    
    isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)

    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.

  Module snd-oxygen
  -----------------

    Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8786/8787/8788 chip:
    * Asound A-8788
    * Asus Xonar DG/DGX
    * AuzenTech X-Meridian
    * AuzenTech X-Meridian 2G
    * Bgears b-Enspirer
    * Club3D Theatron DTS
    * HT-Omega Claro (plus)
    * HT-Omega Claro halo (XT)
    * Kuroutoshikou CMI8787-HG2PCI
    * Razer Barracuda AC-1
    * Sondigo Inferno
    * TempoTec HiFier Fantasia
    * TempoTec HiFier Serenade

    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.

  Module snd-pcsp
  -----------------

    Module for internal PC-Speaker.

    nopcm	- Disable PC-Speaker PCM sound. Only beeps remain.
    nforce_wa	- enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound.

    This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and
    even a few mixer controls.

  Module snd-pcxhr
  ----------------

    Module for Digigram PCXHR boards

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-portman2x4
  ---------------------

    Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
  ---------------------------------

    Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips

    enable_beep     - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)

    Module supports autoprobe a chip.

    Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianness.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
  ------------------------------------

    Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip

    For ARM architecture only.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-riptide
  ------------------

    Module for Conexant Riptide chip

      joystick_port	- Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
      mpu_port		- MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
      opl3_port		- OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)

    This module supports multiple cards.
    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
    You need to install the firmware file "riptide.hex" to the standard
    firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).

  Module snd-rme32
  ----------------

    Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32, 
    Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-rme96
  ----------------

    Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-rme9652
  ------------------

    Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.

    precise_ptr	- Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
		  (default = 0)

    This module supports multiple cards.

    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
          when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
          stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
	  section.

  Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
  ---------------------------------------

    Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.

    Module supports only one card.
    Module has no enable and index options.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-sb8
  --------------

    Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
					 SoundBlaster 2.0,
					 SoundBlaster Pro

    port	- port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
    dma8	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
  -----------------------------

    Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
					  SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
					  SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP

    mic_agc	- Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
    csp		- ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    port	- port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
    awe_port	- base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
                   (snd-sbawe module only)
    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
    dma8	- 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
    dma16	- 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
    
    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.

    Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
          disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
          Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
          half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
          16-bit DMA channel.
    
    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-sc6000
  -----------------

    Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600
    and SC-7000.

    port	- Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
    mss_port	- MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
    irq		- IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
    dma		- DMA # (1,3,0)
    joystick	- Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable

    This module supports multiple cards.

    This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.

  Module snd-sscape
  -----------------

    Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape cards.

    port	- Port # (PnP setup)
    wss_port	- WSS Port # (PnP setup)
    irq		- IRQ # (PnP setup)
    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
    dma		- DMA # (PnP setup)
    dma2	- 2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
    joystick	- Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable

    This module supports multiple cards.

    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.

  Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
  --------------------------------------

    Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
  -------------------------------------

    Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
  -----------------------------------

    Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.

    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-wavefront
  --------------------

    Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.

    use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
                      (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
    isapnp          - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)

    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:

    cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
    cs4232_pcm_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
    cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
    cs4232_mpu_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
    ics2115_port    - Port # for ICS2115
    ics2115_irq     - IRQ # for ICS2115
    fm_port         - FM OPL-3 Port #
    dma1            - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
    dma2            - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.

    The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
    wf_raw	    - Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no)
	If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
	ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
    fx_raw	    - Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes)
	If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
	when the driver is loaded.  The default is to download the
	microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
	"default" operation, whatever that means.
    debug_default   - Debug parameters for card initialization
    wait_usecs	    - How long to wait without sleeping, usecs
		      (default:150)
	This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
	based on my limited experimentation. 
	If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
	my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
	to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
	without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
	CPU. 
	Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
	waits, only about 250 result in a sleep. 
    sleep_interval  - How long to sleep when waiting for reply
		      (default: 100)
    sleep_tries	    - How many times to try sleeping during a wait
		      (default: 50)
    ospath	    - Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware
		      (default:wavefront.os)
	The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware.  In the recent
	version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
	must be installed in the proper path, typically,
	/lib/firmware.
    reset_time	    - How long to wait for a reset to take effect
		      (default:2)
    ramcheck_time   - How many seconds to wait for the RAM test
		      (default:20)
    osrun_time	    - How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS
		      (default:10)

    This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.

    Note: the firmware file "wavefront.os" was located in the earlier
          version in /etc.  Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
	  must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
	  Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
	  regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.

  Module snd-sonicvibes
  ---------------------

    Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
			* PINE Schubert 32 PCI

    reverb    - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
                  - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
    mge       - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
    
    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.

  Module snd-serial-u16550
  ------------------------

    Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.

    port	- port # for UART16550A chip
    irq		- IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
    speed	- speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
		  38400 = default
    base	- base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
		  115200 = default
    outs	- number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
		  1 = default
    adaptor	- Type of adaptor.
                  0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
		  3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
    
    This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
    thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.

  Module snd-trident
  ------------------

    Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
			* Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
			* HIS  4DWave PCI
			* Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
			* AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
			* Addonics  SV 750
			* CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
			* Shark  Predator4D-PCI
			* Jaton  SonicWave 4D
			* SiS SI7018 PCI Audio
			* Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX

    pcm_channels   - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
    wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)

    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-ua101
  ----------------

    Module for the Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 audio/MIDI interfaces.

    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.

  Module snd-usb-audio
  --------------------

    Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.

    vid             - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
    pid             - Product ID for the device (optional)
    nrpacks	    - Max. number of packets per URB (default: 8)
    device_setup    - Device specific magic number (optional)
                    - Influence depends on the device
                    - Default: 0x0000 
    ignore_ctl_error - Ignore any USB-controller regarding mixer
    		       interface (default: no)

    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.

    NB: nrpacks parameter can be modified dynamically via sysfs.
        Don't put the value over 20.  Changing via sysfs has no sanity
	check.
    NB: ignore_ctl_error=1 may help when you get an error at accessing
        the mixer element such as URB error -22.  This happens on some
        buggy USB device or the controller.

  Module snd-usb-caiaq
  --------------------

    Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
	    * Native Instruments RigKontrol2
	    * Native Instruments Kore Controller
	    * Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
	    * Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ

    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.

  Module snd-usb-usx2y
  --------------------

    Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.

    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.

    Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included
          in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.

  Module snd-via82xx
  ------------------

    Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
    8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.

    mpu_port	- 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
		  [VIA686A/686B only]
    joystick	- Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
    ac97_clock	- AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
    dxs_support	- support DXS channels,
		  0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
		  3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample
		  rate and different sample rates on different
		  channels
		  [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
    ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
		  See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.

    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.

    Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
          not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
          set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
          default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
          assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
    
    Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
	  channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
	  streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
	  can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
	  each channel.
	  As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
	  except for the known devices since the output is often
	  noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
	  bug of BIOS.
	  Please try once dxs_support=5 and if it works on other
	  sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
	  know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
	  "lspci -nv").
	  If dxs_support=5 does not work, try dxs_support=4; if it
	  doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1.  (dxs_support=1 is
	  usually for old motherboards.  The correct implemented
	  board should work with 4 or 5.)  If it still doesn't
	  work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
	  right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
	  try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
	  In any cases, please let us know the result and the
	  subsystem vendor/device ids.  See "Links and Addresses"
	  below.

    Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
	  additionally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-via82xx-modem
  ------------------------

    Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem

    ac97_clock	- AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)

    This module supports one card and autoprobe.

    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
          slot is excluded.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-virmidi
  ------------------

    Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
    This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
    to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.

    midi_devs	- MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
    
    This module supports multiple cards.

  Module snd-virtuoso
  -------------------

    Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV66/AV100/AV200 chips,
    i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, Essence ST (Deluxe), Essence STX,
    HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), and HDAV1.3 Slim.

    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.

  Module snd-vx222
  ----------------

    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.

    mic		- Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
    ibl		- Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)

    This module supports multiple cards.

    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
    firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.  To invoke
    vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf

	install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader

    (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
     /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
    IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
    gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
    The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
    size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
    /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-vxpocket
  -------------------

    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.

    ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)

    This module supports multiple cards.  The module is compiled only when
    PCMCIA is supported on kernel.

    With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
    manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the
    sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.  2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
    longer require a config file.

    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
    firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.

    About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.

    Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
           ALSA 1.0.10.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-ymfpci
  -----------------

    Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).

    mpu_port      - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
    fm_port       - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
    joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
                    1 (auto-detect)
    rear_switch   - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)

    This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.

    The power-management is supported.

  Module snd-pdaudiocf
  --------------------

    Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.

    The power-management is supported.


AC97 Quirk Option
=================

The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
snd-intel8x0.  Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
specifications from version to version :-)

The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
but some might be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass
the proper value with this option.

The following strings are accepted:
    - default	Don't override the default setting
    - none	Disable the quirk
    - hp_only	Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
    - swap_hp	Swap headphone and master controls
    - swap_surround  Swap master and surround controls
    - ad_sharing  For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
    - alc_jack	For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
    - inv_eapd	Inverted EAPD implementation
    - mute_led	Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED

For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0,
... are  accepted, too.

For example, if "Master" volume control has no effect on your device
but only "Headphone" does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.


Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
============================

When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.

When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
will be not built in.


Module Autoloading Support
==========================

The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
module aliases.  The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven.

To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
as the same card module.

An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf

The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
option "cards_limit" of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
sound cards in that option.

When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
cards is kept consistent.

An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:

----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
# ALSA portion
options snd cards_limit=2
alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
options snd-interwave index=0
options snd-ens1371 index=1
# OSS/Free portion
alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf

In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
(index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).

Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
"slots" option of snd module.  In the case above, specify like the
following: 

options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371

Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
the second (#1) for snd-ens1371.  You can omit index option in each
driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
the same time as long as they don't conflict).

The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict.  For example, in the
case above again, the first two slots are already reserved.  If any
other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.

When a module name is given with '!', the slot will be given for any
modules but that name.  For example, "slots=!snd-pcsp" will reserve
the first slot for any modules but snd-pcsp. 


ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
=======================================

/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
/dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
/dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
/dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44

The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means
sound card number and second means device number.  The ALSA devices
have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and
playback, respectively.

Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
options of snd-pcm-oss module.


Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
==============================

/proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
-------------------------------
  String "erase" - erase all additional information about OSS applications
  String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"

   <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
   <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
   <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
   <options> - optional parameters
	  - disable   the application tries to open a pcm device for
		      this channel but does not want to use it.
		      (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
		      It's good for Quake etc...
	  - direct    don't use plugins
	  - block     force block mode (rvplayer)
	  - non-block force non-block mode
	  - whole-frag  write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
			playback only)
	  - no-silence  do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
	  - buggy-ptr	Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
			instead of filled blocks

  Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
           echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
	   echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss


Early Buffer Allocation
=======================

Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
actually loaded due to memory fragmentation.  You can pre-allocate the
PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
/etc/init.d/*.local scripts.

Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
usage of page allocation.  In writing, you can send the following
commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:

  - add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS

    VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs.  They take
    integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
    MASK is the PCI DMA mask.  Pass 0 if not restricted.
    SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate.  You can pass
    k and m suffix for KB and MB.  The max number is 16MB.
    BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate.  It must be greater
    than 0.  The max number is 4.

  - erase

    This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
    use.


Links and Addresses
===================

  ALSA project homepage
       http://www.alsa-project.org

  Kernel Bugzilla
       http://bugzilla.kernel.org/

  ALSA Developers ML
       mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org

  alsa-info.sh script
       http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh