1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
|
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" >
%entities;
]>
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
<refentry id="systemctl"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refentryinfo>
<title>systemctl</title>
<productname>systemd</productname>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>systemctl</refname>
<refpurpose>Control the systemd system and service manager</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>systemctl</command>
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
<arg choice="plain">COMMAND</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">UNIT</arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to introspect and
control the state of the <literal>systemd</literal> system and
service manager. Please refer to
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for an introduction into the basic concepts and functionality this
tool manages.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Commands</title>
<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
<refsect2>
<title>Unit Commands (Introspection and Modification)</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>list-units</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>List units that <command>systemd</command> currently has in memory. This includes units that are
either referenced directly or through a dependency, units that are pinned by applications programmatically,
or units that were active in the past and have failed. By default only units which are active, have pending
jobs, or have failed are shown; this can be changed with option <option>--all</option>. If one or more
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only units matching one of them are shown. The units
that are shown are additionally filtered by <option>--type=</option> and <option>--state=</option> if those
options are specified.</para>
<para>Produces output similar to
<programlisting> UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
sys-module-fuse.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/fuse
-.mount loaded active mounted Root Mount
boot-efi.mount loaded active mounted /boot/efi
systemd-journald.service loaded active running Journal Service
systemd-logind.service loaded active running Login Service
● user@1000.service loaded failed failed User Manager for UID 1000
…
systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer loaded active waiting Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
123 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
</programlisting>
The header and the last unit of a given type are underlined if the
terminal supports that. A colored dot is shown next to services which
were masked, not found, or otherwise failed.</para>
<para>The LOAD column shows the load state, one of <constant>loaded</constant>,
<constant>not-found</constant>, <constant>bad-setting</constant>, <constant>error</constant>,
<constant>masked</constant>. The ACTIVE columns shows the general unit state, one of
<constant>active</constant>, <constant>reloading</constant>, <constant>inactive</constant>,
<constant>failed</constant>, <constant>activating</constant>, <constant>deactivating</constant>. The SUB
column shows the unit-type-specific detailed state of the unit, possible values vary by unit type. The list
of possible LOAD, ACTIVE, and SUB states is not constant and new systemd releases may both add and remove
values. <programlisting>systemctl --state=help</programlisting> command maybe be used to display the
current set of possible values.</para>
<para>This is the default command.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>list-sockets</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>List socket units currently in memory, ordered by listening address. If one or more
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only socket units matching one of them are
shown. Produces output similar to
<programlisting>
LISTEN UNIT ACTIVATES
/dev/initctl systemd-initctl.socket systemd-initctl.service
…
[::]:22 sshd.socket sshd.service
kobject-uevent 1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service
5 sockets listed.</programlisting>
Note: because the addresses might contains spaces, this output
is not suitable for programmatic consumption.
</para>
<para>Also see <option>--show-types</option>, <option>--all</option>, and <option>--state=</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>list-timers</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>List timer units currently in memory, ordered by the time they elapse next. If one or more
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only units matching one of them are shown.
Produces output similar to
<programlisting>
NEXT LEFT LAST PASSED UNIT ACTIVATES
n/a n/a Thu 2017-02-23 13:40:29 EST 3 days ago ureadahead-stop.timer ureadahead-stop.service
Sun 2017-02-26 18:55:42 EST 1min 14s left Thu 2017-02-23 13:54:44 EST 3 days ago systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
Sun 2017-02-26 20:37:16 EST 1h 42min left Sun 2017-02-26 11:56:36 EST 6h ago apt-daily.timer apt-daily.service
Sun 2017-02-26 20:57:49 EST 2h 3min left Sun 2017-02-26 11:56:36 EST 6h ago snapd.refresh.timer snapd.refresh.service
</programlisting>
</para>
<para><emphasis>NEXT</emphasis> shows the next time the timer will run.</para>
<para><emphasis>LEFT</emphasis> shows how long till the next time the timer runs.</para>
<para><emphasis>LAST</emphasis> shows the last time the timer ran.</para>
<para><emphasis>PASSED</emphasis> shows how long has passed since the timer last ran.</para>
<para><emphasis>UNIT</emphasis> shows the name of the timer</para>
<para><emphasis>ACTIVATES</emphasis> shows the name the service the timer activates when it runs.</para>
<para>Also see <option>--all</option> and <option>--state=</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>is-active <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Check whether any of the specified units are active
(i.e. running). Returns an exit code
<constant>0</constant> if at least one is active, or
non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is
specified, this will also print the current unit state to
standard output.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>is-failed <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Check whether any of the specified units are in a
"failed" state. Returns an exit code
<constant>0</constant> if at least one has failed,
non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is
specified, this will also print the current unit state to
standard output.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>status</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>…]</optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show terse runtime status information about one or
more units, followed by most recent log data from the
journal. If no units are specified, show system status. If
combined with <option>--all</option>, also show the status of
all units (subject to limitations specified with
<option>-t</option>). If a PID is passed, show information
about the unit the process belongs to.</para>
<para>This function is intended to generate human-readable
output. If you are looking for computer-parsable output,
use <command>show</command> instead. By default, this
function only shows 10 lines of output and ellipsizes
lines to fit in the terminal window. This can be changed
with <option>--lines</option> and <option>--full</option>,
see above. In addition, <command>journalctl
--unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> or
<command>journalctl
--user-unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> use
a similar filter for messages and might be more
convenient.
</para>
<para>systemd implicitly loads units as necessary, so just running the <command>status</command> will
attempt to load a file. The command is thus not useful for determining if something was already loaded or
not. The units may possibly also be quickly unloaded after the operation is completed if there's no reason
to keep it in memory thereafter.
</para>
<example>
<title>Example output from systemctl status </title>
<programlisting>$ systemctl status bluetooth
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-01-04 13:54:04 EST; 1 weeks 0 days ago
Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
Main PID: 930 (bluetoothd)
Status: "Running"
Tasks: 1
Memory: 648.0K
CPU: 435ms
CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
└─930 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd
Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: Not enough free handles to register service
Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: Current Time Service could not be registered
Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: gatt-time-server: Input/output error (5)
</programlisting>
<para>The dot ("●") uses color on supported terminals to summarize the unit state at a glance. White
indicates an <literal>inactive</literal> or <literal>deactivating</literal> state. Red indicates a
<literal>failed</literal> or <literal>error</literal> state and green indicates an
<literal>active</literal>, <literal>reloading</literal> or <literal>activating</literal> state.
</para>
<para>The "Loaded:" line in the output will show <literal>loaded</literal> if the unit has been loaded into
memory. Other possible values for "Loaded:" include: <literal>error</literal> if there was a problem
loading it, <literal>not-found</literal> if no unit file was found for this unit,
<literal>bad-setting</literal> if an essential unit file setting could not be parsed and
<literal>masked</literal> if the unit file has been masked. Along with showing the path to the unit file,
this line will also show the enablement state. Enabled commands start at boot. See the full table of
possible enablement states — including the definition of <literal>masked</literal> — in the documentation
for the <command>is-enabled</command> command.
</para>
<para>The "Active:" line shows active state. The value is usually <literal>active</literal> or
<literal>inactive</literal>. Active could mean started, bound, plugged in, etc depending on the unit type.
The unit could also be in process of changing states, reporting a state of <literal>activating</literal> or
<literal>deactivating</literal>. A special <literal>failed</literal> state is entered when the service
failed in some way, such as a crash, exiting with an error code or timing out. If the failed state is
entered the cause will be logged for later reference.</para>
</example>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>show</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…|<replaceable>JOB</replaceable>…</optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show properties of one or more units, jobs, or the manager itself. If no argument is specified,
properties of the manager will be shown. If a unit name is specified, properties of the unit are shown, and
if a job ID is specified, properties of the job are shown. By default, empty properties are suppressed. Use
<option>--all</option> to show those too. To select specific properties to show, use
<option>--property=</option>. This command is intended to be used whenever computer-parsable output is
required. Use <command>status</command> if you are looking for formatted human-readable output.</para>
<para>Many properties shown by <command>systemctl show</command> map directly to configuration settings of
the system and service manager and its unit files. Note that the properties shown by the command are
generally more low-level, normalized versions of the original configuration settings and expose runtime
state in addition to configuration. For example, properties shown for service units include the service's
current main process identifier as <literal>MainPID</literal> (which is runtime state), and time settings
are always exposed as properties ending in the <literal>…USec</literal> suffix even if a matching
configuration options end in <literal>…Sec</literal>, because microseconds is the normalized time unit used
internally by the system and service manager.</para>
<para>For details about many of these properties, see the documentation of the D-Bus interface
backing these properties, see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.systemd1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>cat <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show backing files of one or more units. Prints the
"fragment" and "drop-ins" (source files) of units. Each
file is preceded by a comment which includes the file
name. Note that this shows the contents of the backing files
on disk, which may not match the system manager's
understanding of these units if any unit files were
updated on disk and the <command>daemon-reload</command>
command wasn't issued since.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>help <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show manual pages for one or more units, if
available. If a PID is given, the manual pages for the unit
the process belongs to are shown.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>list-dependencies</command>
<optional><replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>...</optional>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>Shows units required and wanted by the specified
units. This recursively lists units following the
<varname>Requires=</varname>,
<varname>Requisite=</varname>,
<varname>ConsistsOf=</varname>,
<varname>Wants=</varname>, <varname>BindsTo=</varname>
dependencies. If no units are specified,
<filename>default.target</filename> is implied.</para>
<para>By default, only target units are recursively
expanded. When <option>--all</option> is passed, all other
units are recursively expanded as well.</para>
<para>Options <option>--reverse</option>,
<option>--after</option>, <option>--before</option>
may be used to change what types of dependencies
are shown.</para>
<para>Note that this command only lists units currently loaded into memory by the service manager. In
particular, this command is not suitable to get a comprehensive list at all reverse dependencies on a
specific unit, as it won't list the dependencies declared by units currently not loaded.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<!-- Commands that modify unit state start here -->
<varlistentry>
<term><command>start <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Start (activate) one or more units specified on the command line.</para>
<para>Note that unit glob patterns expand to names of units currently in memory. Units which are
not active and are not in a failed state usually are not in memory, and will not be matched by
any pattern. In addition, in case of instantiated units, systemd is often unaware of the instance
name until the instance has been started. Therefore, using glob patterns with
<command>start</command> has limited usefulness. Also, secondary alias names of units are not
considered.</para>
<para>Option <option>--all</option> may be used to also operate on inactive units which are
referenced by other loaded units. Note that this is not the same as operating on "all" possible
units, because as the previous paragraph describes, such a list is ill-defined. Nevertheless,
<command>systemctl start --all <replaceable>GLOB</replaceable></command> may be useful if all the
units that should match the pattern are pulled in by some target which is known to be loaded.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>stop <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Stop (deactivate) one or more units specified on the command line.</para>
<para>This command will fail if the unit does not exist or if stopping of the unit is prohibited (see
<varname>RefuseManualStop=</varname> in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
It will <emphasis>not</emphasis> fail if any of the commands configured to stop the unit
(<varname>ExecStop=</varname>, etc.) fail, because the manager will still forcibly terminate the
unit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>reload <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Asks all units listed on the command line to reload
their configuration. Note that this will reload the
service-specific configuration, not the unit configuration
file of systemd. If you want systemd to reload the
configuration file of a unit, use the
<command>daemon-reload</command> command. In other words:
for the example case of Apache, this will reload Apache's
<filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the web server, not the
<filename>apache.service</filename> systemd unit
file.</para>
<para>This command should not be confused with the
<command>daemon-reload</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Stop and then start one or more units specified on the command line. If the units are not running
yet, they will be started.</para>
<para>Note that restarting a unit with this command does not necessarily flush out all of the unit's
resources before it is started again. For example, the per-service file descriptor storage facility (see
<varname>FileDescriptorStoreMax=</varname> in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) will
remain intact as long as the unit has a job pending, and is only cleared when the unit is fully stopped and
no jobs are pending anymore. If it is intended that the file descriptor store is flushed out, too, during a
restart operation an explicit <command>systemctl stop</command> command followed by <command>systemctl
start</command> should be issued.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>try-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Stop and then start one or more units specified on the
command line if the units are running. This does nothing
if units are not running.</para>
<!-- Note that we don't document condrestart here, as that is just compatibility support, and we generally
don't document that. -->
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>reload-or-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not, stop and then start them instead. If the units
are not running yet, they will be started.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>try-reload-or-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not, stop and then start them instead. This does
nothing if the units are not running.</para>
<!-- Note that we don't document force-reload here, as that is just compatibility support, and we generally
don't document that. -->
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>isolate <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable></command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Start the unit specified on the command line and its dependencies
and stop all others, unless they have
<option>IgnoreOnIsolate=yes</option> (see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
If a unit name with no extension is given, an extension of
<literal>.target</literal> will be assumed.</para>
<para>This command is dangerous, since it will immediately stop processes that are not enabled in
the new target, possibly including the graphical environment or terminal you are currently using.
</para>
<para>Note that this is allowed only on units where
<option>AllowIsolate=</option> is enabled. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for details.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>kill <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Send a signal to one or more processes of the
unit. Use <option>--kill-who=</option> to select which
process to kill. Use <option>--signal=</option> to select
the signal to send.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>clean <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Remove the configuration, state, cache, logs or runtime data of the specified units. Use
<option>--what=</option> to select which kind of resource to remove. For service units this may
be used to remove the directories configured with <varname>ConfigurationDirectory=</varname>,
<varname>StateDirectory=</varname>, <varname>CacheDirectory=</varname>,
<varname>LogsDirectory=</varname> and <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname>, see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for details. For timer units this may be used to clear out the persistent timestamp data if
<varname>Persistent=</varname> is used and <option>--what=state</option> is selected, see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
command only applies to units that use either of these settings. If <option>--what=</option> is
not specified, both the cache and runtime data are removed (as these two types of data are
generally redundant and reproducible on the next invocation of the unit).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>freeze <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Freeze one or more units specified on the
command line using cgroup freezer</para>
<para>Freezing the unit will cause all processes contained within the cgroup corresponding to the unit
to be suspended. Being suspended means that unit's processes won't be scheduled to run on CPU until thawed.
Note that this command is supported only on systems that use unified cgroup hierarchy. Unit is automatically
thawed just before we execute a job against the unit, e.g. before the unit is stopped.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>thaw <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Thaw (unfreeze) one or more units specified on the
command line.</para>
<para>This is the inverse operation to the <command>freeze</command> command and resumes the execution of
processes in the unit's cgroup.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>set-property <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> <replaceable>PROPERTY</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Set the specified unit properties at runtime where
this is supported. This allows changing configuration
parameter properties such as resource control settings at
runtime. Not all properties may be changed at runtime, but
many resource control settings (primarily those in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
may. The changes are applied immediately, and stored on disk
for future boots, unless <option>--runtime</option> is
passed, in which case the settings only apply until the
next reboot. The syntax of the property assignment follows
closely the syntax of assignments in unit files.</para>
<para>Example: <command>systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUWeight=200</command></para>
<para>If the specified unit appears to be inactive, the
changes will be only stored on disk as described
previously hence they will be effective when the unit will
be started.</para>
<para>Note that this command allows changing multiple properties at the same time, which is
preferable over setting them individually.</para>
<para>Example: <command>systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUWeight=200 MemoryMax=2G IPAccounting=yes</command></para>
<para>Like with unit file configuration settings, assigning an empty setting usually resets a
property to its defaults.</para>
<para>Example: <command>systemctl set-property avahi-daemon.service IPAddressDeny=</command></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>service-log-level</command> <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> [<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable>]</term>
<listitem><para>If the <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> argument is not given, print the current
log level as reported by service <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable>.</para>
<para>If the optional argument <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is provided, then change the
current log level of the service to <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable>. The log level should be a
typical syslog log level, i.e. a value in the range 0…7 or one of the strings
<constant>emerg</constant>, <constant>alert</constant>, <constant>crit</constant>,
<constant>err</constant>, <constant>warning</constant>, <constant>notice</constant>,
<constant>info</constant>, <constant>debug</constant>; see <citerefentry
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for details.</para>
<para>The service must have the appropriate
<varname>BusName=<replaceable>destination</replaceable></varname> property and also implement the
generic
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.LogControl1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
interface. (<filename>systemctl</filename> will use the generic D-Bus protocol to access the
<interfacename>org.freedesktop.LogControl1.LogLevel</interfacename> interface for the D-Bus name
<replaceable>destination</replaceable>.)</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>service-log-target</command> <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> [<replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>]</term>
<listitem><para>If the <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> argument is not given, print the current
log target as reported by service <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable>.</para>
<para>If the optional argument <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> is provided, then change the
current log target of the service to <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>. The log target should be
one of the strings <constant>console</constant> (for log output to the service's standard error
stream), <constant>kmsg</constant> (for log output to the kernel log buffer),
<constant>journal</constant> (for log output to
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
using the native journal protocol), <constant>syslog</constant> (for log output to the classic
syslog socket <filename>/dev/log</filename>), <constant>null</constant> (for no log output
whatsoever) or <constant>auto</constant> (for an automatically determined choice, typically
equivalent to <constant>console</constant> if the service is invoked interactively, and
<constant>journal</constant> or <constant>syslog</constant> otherwise).</para>
<para>For most services, only a small subset of log targets make sense. In particular, most
"normal" services should only implement <constant>console</constant>, <constant>journal</constant>,
and <constant>null</constant>. Anything else is only appropriate for low-level services that
are active in very early boot before proper logging is established.</para>
<para>The service must have the appropriate
<varname>BusName=<replaceable>destination</replaceable></varname> property and also implement the
generic
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.LogControl1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
interface. (<filename>systemctl</filename> will use the generic D-Bus protocol to access the
<interfacename>org.freedesktop.LogControl1.LogLevel</interfacename> interface for the D-Bus name
<replaceable>destination</replaceable>.)</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>reset-failed [<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…]</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reset the <literal>failed</literal> state of the specified units, or if no unit name is passed, reset
the state of all units. When a unit fails in some way (i.e. process exiting with non-zero error code,
terminating abnormally or timing out), it will automatically enter the <literal>failed</literal> state and
its exit code and status is recorded for introspection by the administrator until the service is
stopped/re-started or reset with this command.</para>
<para>In addition to resetting the <literal>failed</literal> state of a unit it also resets various other
per-unit properties: the start rate limit counter of all unit types is reset to zero, as is the restart
counter of service units. Thus, if a unit's start limit (as configured with
<varname>StartLimitIntervalSec=</varname>/<varname>StartLimitBurst=</varname>) is hit and the unit refuses
to be started again, use this command to make it startable again.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>Unit File Commands</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>list-unit-files</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN…</replaceable></optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>List unit files installed on the system, in combination with their enablement state (as reported by
<command>is-enabled</command>). If one or more <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only unit
files whose name matches one of them are shown (patterns matching unit file system paths are not
supported).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>enable <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<term><command>enable <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Enable one or more units or unit instances. This will create a set of symlinks, as encoded in the
[Install] sections of the indicated unit files. After the symlinks have been created,
the system manager configuration is reloaded (in a way equivalent to <command>daemon-reload</command>), in
order to ensure the changes are taken into account immediately. Note that this does
<emphasis>not</emphasis> have the effect of also starting any of the units being enabled. If this is
desired, combine this command with the <option>--now</option> switch, or invoke <command>start</command>
with appropriate arguments later. Note that in case of unit instance enablement (i.e. enablement of units of
the form <filename>foo@bar.service</filename>), symlinks named the same as instances are created in the
unit configuration directory, however they point to the single template unit file they are instantiated
from.</para>
<para>This command expects either valid unit names (in which case various unit file directories are
automatically searched for unit files with appropriate names), or absolute paths to unit files (in which
case these files are read directly). If a specified unit file is located outside of the usual unit file
directories, an additional symlink is created, linking it into the unit configuration path, thus ensuring
it is found when requested by commands such as <command>start</command>. The file system where the linked
unit files are located must be accessible when systemd is started (e.g. anything underneath
<filename>/home/</filename> or <filename>/var/</filename> is not allowed, unless those directories are
located on the root file system).</para>
<para>This command will print the file system operations executed. This output may be suppressed by passing
<option>--quiet</option>.
</para>
<para>Note that this operation creates only the symlinks suggested in the [Install]
section of the unit files. While this command is the recommended way to manipulate the unit configuration
directory, the administrator is free to make additional changes manually by placing or removing symlinks
below this directory. This is particularly useful to create configurations that deviate from the suggested
default installation. In this case, the administrator must make sure to invoke
<command>daemon-reload</command> manually as necessary, in order to ensure the changes are taken into
account.
</para>
<para>Enabling units should not be confused with starting (activating) units, as done by the
<command>start</command> command. Enabling and starting units is orthogonal: units may be enabled without
being started and started without being enabled. Enabling simply hooks the unit into various suggested
places (for example, so that the unit is automatically started on boot or when a particular kind of
hardware is plugged in). Starting actually spawns the daemon process (in case of service units), or binds
the socket (in case of socket units), and so on.</para>
<para>Depending on whether <option>--system</option>, <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option>,
or <option>--global</option> is specified, this enables the unit for the system, for the calling user only,
for only this boot of the system, or for all future logins of all users. Note that in the last case, no
systemd daemon configuration is reloaded.</para>
<para>Using <command>enable</command> on masked units is not supported and results in an error.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>disable <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Disables one or more units. This removes all symlinks to the unit files backing the specified units
from the unit configuration directory, and hence undoes any changes made by <command>enable</command> or
<command>link</command>. Note that this removes <emphasis>all</emphasis> symlinks to matching unit files,
including manually created symlinks, and not just those actually created by <command>enable</command> or
<command>link</command>. Note that while <command>disable</command> undoes the effect of
<command>enable</command>, the two commands are otherwise not symmetric, as <command>disable</command> may
remove more symlinks than a prior <command>enable</command> invocation of the same unit created.</para>
<para>This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept paths to unit files.</para>
<para>In addition to the units specified as arguments, all units are disabled that are listed in the
<varname>Also=</varname> setting contained in the [Install] section of any of the unit
files being operated on.</para>
<para>This command implicitly reloads the system manager configuration after completing the operation. Note
that this command does not implicitly stop the units that are being disabled. If this is desired, either
combine this command with the <option>--now</option> switch, or invoke the <command>stop</command> command
with appropriate arguments later.</para>
<para>This command will print information about the file system operations (symlink removals)
executed. This output may be suppressed by passing <option>--quiet</option>.
</para>
<para>This command honors <option>--system</option>, <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option>
and <option>--global</option> in a similar way as <command>enable</command>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>reenable <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reenable one or more units, as specified on the command line. This is a combination of
<command>disable</command> and <command>enable</command> and is useful to reset the symlinks a unit file is
enabled with to the defaults configured in its [Install] section. This command expects
a unit name only, it does not accept paths to unit files.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>preset <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reset the enable/disable status one or more unit files, as specified on
the command line, to the defaults configured in the preset policy files. This
has the same effect as <command>disable</command> or
<command>enable</command>, depending how the unit is listed in the preset
files.</para>
<para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control whether units shall be
enabled and disabled, or only enabled, or only disabled.</para>
<para>If the unit carries no install information, it will be silently ignored
by this command. <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> must be the real unit name,
any alias names are ignored silently.</para>
<para>For more information on the preset policy format, see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
For more information on the concept of presets, please consult the
<ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset</ulink>
document.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>preset-all</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Resets all installed unit files to the defaults
configured in the preset policy file (see above).</para>
<para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control
whether units shall be enabled and disabled, or only
enabled, or only disabled.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>is-enabled <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Checks whether any of the specified unit files are
enabled (as with <command>enable</command>). Returns an
exit code of 0 if at least one is enabled, non-zero
otherwise. Prints the current enable status (see table).
To suppress this output, use <option>--quiet</option>.
To show installation targets, use <option>--full</option>.
</para>
<table>
<title>
<command>is-enabled</command> output
</title>
<tgroup cols='3'>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Name</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
<entry>Exit Code</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><literal>enabled</literal></entry>
<entry morerows='1'>Enabled via <filename>.wants/</filename>, <filename>.requires/</filename> or <varname>Alias=</varname> symlinks (permanently in <filename>/etc/systemd/system/</filename>, or transiently in <filename>/run/systemd/system/</filename>).</entry>
<entry morerows='1'>0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>enabled-runtime</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>linked</literal></entry>
<entry morerows='1'>Made available through one or more symlinks to the unit file (permanently in <filename>/etc/systemd/system/</filename> or transiently in <filename>/run/systemd/system/</filename>), even though the unit file might reside outside of the unit file search path.</entry>
<entry morerows='1'>> 0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>linked-runtime</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>alias</literal></entry>
<entry>The name is an alias (symlink to another unit file).</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>masked</literal></entry>
<entry morerows='1'>Completely disabled, so that any start operation on it fails (permanently in <filename>/etc/systemd/system/</filename> or transiently in <filename>/run/systemd/systemd/</filename>).</entry>
<entry morerows='1'>> 0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>masked-runtime</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>static</literal></entry>
<entry>The unit file is not enabled, and has no provisions for enabling in the [Install] unit file section.</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>indirect</literal></entry>
<entry>The unit file itself is not enabled, but it has a non-empty <varname>Also=</varname> setting in the [Install] unit file section, listing other unit files that might be enabled, or it has an alias under a different name through a symlink that is not specified in <varname>Also=</varname>. For template unit files, an instance different than the one specified in <varname>DefaultInstance=</varname> is enabled.</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>disabled</literal></entry>
<entry>The unit file is not enabled, but contains an [Install] section with installation instructions.</entry>
<entry>> 0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>generated</literal></entry>
<entry>The unit file was generated dynamically via a generator tool. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Generated unit files may not be enabled, they are enabled implicitly by their generator.</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>transient</literal></entry>
<entry>The unit file has been created dynamically with the runtime API. Transient units may not be enabled.</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>bad</literal></entry>
<entry>The unit file is invalid or another error occurred. Note that <command>is-enabled</command> will not actually return this state, but print an error message instead. However the unit file listing printed by <command>list-unit-files</command> might show it.</entry>
<entry>> 0</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>mask <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Mask one or more units, as specified on the command line. This will link these unit files to
<filename>/dev/null</filename>, making it impossible to start them. This is a stronger version of
<command>disable</command>, since it prohibits all kinds of activation of the unit, including enablement
and manual activation. Use this option with care. This honors the <option>--runtime</option> option to only
mask temporarily until the next reboot of the system. The <option>--now</option> option may be used to
ensure that the units are also stopped. This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept unit
file paths.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>unmask <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Unmask one or more unit files, as specified on the command line. This will undo the effect of
<command>mask</command>. This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept unit file
paths.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>link <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Link a unit file that is not in the unit file search paths into the unit file search path. This
command expects an absolute path to a unit file. The effect of this may be undone with
<command>disable</command>. The effect of this command is that a unit file is made available for commands
such as <command>start</command>, even though it is not installed directly in the unit search path. The
file system where the linked unit files are located must be accessible when systemd is started
(e.g. anything underneath <filename>/home/</filename> or <filename>/var/</filename> is not allowed, unless
those directories are located on the root file system).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>revert <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Revert one or more unit files to their vendor versions. This command removes drop-in configuration
files that modify the specified units, as well as any user-configured unit file that overrides a matching
vendor supplied unit file. Specifically, for a unit <literal>foo.service</literal> the matching directories
<literal>foo.service.d/</literal> with all their contained files are removed, both below the persistent and
runtime configuration directories (i.e. below <filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename> and
<filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>); if the unit file has a vendor-supplied version (i.e. a unit file
located below <filename>/usr/</filename>) any matching persistent or runtime unit file that overrides it is
removed, too. Note that if a unit file has no vendor-supplied version (i.e. is only defined below
<filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename> or <filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>, but not in a unit
file stored below <filename>/usr/</filename>), then it is not removed. Also, if a unit is masked, it is
unmasked.</para>
<para>Effectively, this command may be used to undo all changes made with <command>systemctl
edit</command>, <command>systemctl set-property</command> and <command>systemctl mask</command> and puts
the original unit file with its settings back in effect.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>add-wants <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>
<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<term><command>add-requires <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>
<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Adds <literal>Wants=</literal> or <literal>Requires=</literal>
dependencies, respectively, to the specified
<replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> for one or more units. </para>
<para>This command honors <option>--system</option>,
<option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option> and
<option>--global</option> in a way similar to
<command>enable</command>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>edit <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Edit a drop-in snippet or a whole replacement file if
<option>--full</option> is specified, to extend or override the
specified unit.</para>
<para>Depending on whether <option>--system</option> (the default),
<option>--user</option>, or <option>--global</option> is specified,
this command creates a drop-in file for each unit either for the system,
for the calling user, or for all futures logins of all users. Then,
the editor (see the "Environment" section below) is invoked on
temporary files which will be written to the real location if the
editor exits successfully.</para>
<para>If <option>--full</option> is specified, this will copy the
original units instead of creating drop-in files.</para>
<para>If <option>--force</option> is specified and any units do
not already exist, new unit files will be opened for editing.</para>
<para>If <option>--runtime</option> is specified, the changes will
be made temporarily in <filename>/run/</filename> and they will be
lost on the next reboot.</para>
<para>If the temporary file is empty upon exit, the modification of
the related unit is canceled.</para>
<para>After the units have been edited, systemd configuration is
reloaded (in a way that is equivalent to <command>daemon-reload</command>).
</para>
<para>Note that this command cannot be used to remotely edit units
and that you cannot temporarily edit units which are in
<filename>/etc/</filename>, since they take precedence over
<filename>/run/</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>get-default</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Return the default target to boot into. This returns
the target unit name <filename>default.target</filename>
is aliased (symlinked) to.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>set-default <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable></command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Set the default target to boot into. This sets
(symlinks) the <filename>default.target</filename> alias
to the given target unit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>Machine Commands</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>list-machines</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>List the host and all running local containers with
their state. If one or more
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
containers matching one of them are shown.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>Job Commands</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>list-jobs <optional><replaceable>PATTERN…</replaceable></optional></command></term>
<listitem>
<para>List jobs that are in progress. If one or more
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
jobs for units matching one of them are shown.</para>
<para>When combined with <option>--after</option> or <option>--before</option> the list is augmented with
information on which other job each job is waiting for, and which other jobs are waiting for it, see
above.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>cancel <replaceable>JOB</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Cancel one or more jobs specified on the command line
by their numeric job IDs. If no job ID is specified, cancel
all pending jobs.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>Environment Commands</title>
<para><command>systemd</command> supports an environment block that is passed to processes the manager
spawns. The names of the variables can contain ASCII letters, digits, and the underscore
character. Variable names cannot be empty or start with a digit. In variable values, most characters
are allowed, but non-printable characters are currently rejected. The total length of the environment
block is limited to <constant>_SC_ARG_MAX</constant> value defined by
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sysconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>show-environment</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Dump the systemd manager environment block. This is the environment
block that is passed to all processes the manager spawns. The environment
block will be dumped in straight-forward form suitable for sourcing into
most shells. If no special characters or whitespace is present in the variable
values, no escaping is performed, and the assignments have the form
<literal>VARIABLE=value</literal>. If whitespace or characters which have
special meaning to the shell are present, dollar-single-quote escaping is
used, and assignments have the form <literal>VARIABLE=$'value'</literal>.
This syntax is known to be supported by
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>zsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ksh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
and
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>busybox</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
but not
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
or
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>fish</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>set-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE=VALUE</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Set one or more systemd manager environment variables, as specified on the command
line. This command will fail if variable names and values do not conform to the rules listed
above.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>unset-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable>…</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Unset one or more systemd manager environment
variables. If only a variable name is specified, it will be
removed regardless of its value. If a variable and a value
are specified, the variable is only removed if it has the
specified value.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>import-environment</command>
<optional><replaceable>VARIABLE…</replaceable></optional>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>Import all, one or more environment variables set on the client into the systemd manager
environment block. If no arguments are passed, the entire environment block is imported.
Otherwise, a list of one or more environment variable names should be passed, whose client-side
values are then imported into the manager's environment block. This command will silently ignore
any assignments which do not conform to the rules listed above.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>Manager State Commands</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reload the systemd manager configuration. This will
rerun all generators (see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>),
reload all unit files, and recreate the entire dependency
tree. While the daemon is being reloaded, all sockets
systemd listens on behalf of user configuration will stay
accessible.</para>
<para>This command should not be confused with the
<command>reload</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reexecute the systemd manager. This will serialize the
manager state, reexecute the process and deserialize the
state again. This command is of little use except for
debugging and package upgrades. Sometimes, it might be
helpful as a heavy-weight <command>daemon-reload</command>.
While the daemon is being reexecuted, all sockets systemd listening
on behalf of user configuration will stay accessible.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id='log-level'>
<term><command>log-level</command> [<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable>]</term>
<listitem><para>If no argument is given, print the current log level of the manager. If an
optional argument <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is provided, then the command changes the
current log level of the manager to <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> (accepts the same values as
<option>--log-level=</option> described in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>log-target</command> [<replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>]</term>
<listitem><para>If no argument is given, print the current log target of the manager. If an
optional argument <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> is provided, then the command changes the
current log target of the manager to <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> (accepts the same values as
<option>--log-target=</option>, described in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>service-watchdogs</command> [yes|no]</term>
<listitem><para>If no argument is given, print the current state of service runtime watchdogs of
the manager. If an optional boolean argument is provided, then globally enables or disables the
service runtime watchdogs (<option>WatchdogSec=</option>) and emergency actions (e.g.
<option>OnFailure=</option> or <option>StartLimitAction=</option>); see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
The hardware watchdog is not affected by this setting.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>System Commands</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>is-system-running</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Checks whether the system is operational. This
returns success (exit code 0) when the system is fully up
and running, specifically not in startup, shutdown or
maintenance mode, and with no failed services. Failure is
returned otherwise (exit code non-zero). In addition, the
current state is printed in a short string to standard
output, see the table below. Use <option>--quiet</option> to
suppress this output.</para>
<para>Use <option>--wait</option> to wait until the boot
process is completed before printing the current state and
returning the appropriate error status. If <option>--wait</option>
is in use, states <varname>initializing</varname> or
<varname>starting</varname> will not be reported, instead
the command will block until a later state (such as
<varname>running</varname> or <varname>degraded</varname>)
is reached.</para>
<table>
<title><command>is-system-running</command> output</title>
<tgroup cols='3'>
<colspec colname='name'/>
<colspec colname='description'/>
<colspec colname='exit-code'/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Name</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
<entry>Exit Code</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><varname>initializing</varname></entry>
<entry><para>Early bootup, before
<filename>basic.target</filename> is reached
or the <varname>maintenance</varname> state entered.
</para></entry>
<entry>> 0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><varname>starting</varname></entry>
<entry><para>Late bootup, before the job queue
becomes idle for the first time, or one of the
rescue targets are reached.</para></entry>
<entry>> 0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><varname>running</varname></entry>
<entry><para>The system is fully
operational.</para></entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><varname>degraded</varname></entry>
<entry><para>The system is operational but one or more
units failed.</para></entry>
<entry>> 0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><varname>maintenance</varname></entry>
<entry><para>The rescue or emergency target is
active.</para></entry>
<entry>> 0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><varname>stopping</varname></entry>
<entry><para>The manager is shutting
down.</para></entry>
<entry>> 0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><varname>offline</varname></entry>
<entry><para>The manager is not
running. Specifically, this is the operational
state if an incompatible program is running as
system manager (PID 1).</para></entry>
<entry>> 0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><varname>unknown</varname></entry>
<entry><para>The operational state could not be
determined, due to lack of resources or another
error cause.</para></entry>
<entry>> 0</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>default</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Enter default mode. This is equivalent to <command>systemctl isolate default.target</command>. This
operation is blocking by default, use <option>--no-block</option> to request asynchronous behavior.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>rescue</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Enter rescue mode. This is equivalent to <command>systemctl isolate rescue.target</command>. This
operation is blocking by default, use <option>--no-block</option> to request asynchronous behavior.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>emergency</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Enter emergency mode. This is equivalent to <command>systemctl isolate
emergency.target</command>. This operation is blocking by default, use <option>--no-block</option> to
request asynchronous behavior.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>halt</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shut down and halt the system. This is mostly equivalent to <command>systemctl start halt.target
--job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>, but also prints a wall message to all users. This command is
asynchronous; it will return after the halt operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to complete. Note
that this operation will simply halt the OS kernel after shutting down, leaving the hardware powered
on. Use <command>systemctl poweroff</command> for powering off the system (see below).</para>
<para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all
processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the
system halt. If <option>--force</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without
terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when
<option>--force</option> is specified twice the halt operation is executed by <command>systemctl</command>
itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should succeed even when the system
manager has crashed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>poweroff</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shut down and power-off the system. This is mostly equivalent to <command>systemctl start
poweroff.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>, but also prints a wall message to all
users. This command is asynchronous; it will return after the power-off operation is enqueued, without
waiting for it to complete.</para>
<para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all
processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the
powering off. If <option>--force</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without
terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when
<option>--force</option> is specified twice the power-off operation is executed by
<command>systemctl</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
succeed even when the system manager has crashed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>reboot</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shut down and reboot the system. This is mostly equivalent to <command>systemctl start reboot.target
--job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>, but also prints a wall message to all users. This
command is asynchronous; it will return after the reboot operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to
complete.</para>
<para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all
processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the
reboot. If <option>--force</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without
terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when
<option>--force</option> is specified twice the reboot operation is executed by
<command>systemctl</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
succeed even when the system manager has crashed.</para>
<para>If the switch <option>--reboot-argument=</option> is given, it will be passed as the optional
argument to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reboot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
system call.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>kexec</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shut down and reboot the system via <command>kexec</command>. This is equivalent to
<command>systemctl start kexec.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>. This command is
asynchronous; it will return after the reboot operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to
complete.</para>
<para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all
processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the
reboot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>exit</command> <optional><replaceable>EXIT_CODE</replaceable></optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>Ask the service manager to quit. This is only supported for user service managers (i.e. in
conjunction with the <option>--user</option> option) or in containers and is equivalent to
<command>poweroff</command> otherwise. This command is asynchronous; it will return after the exit
operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to complete.</para>
<para>The service manager will exit with the specified exit code, if
<replaceable>EXIT_CODE</replaceable> is passed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>switch-root</command> <replaceable>ROOT</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>INIT</replaceable></optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>Switches to a different root directory and executes a new system manager process below it. This is
intended for usage in initial RAM disks ("initrd"), and will transition from the initrd's system manager
process (a.k.a. "init" process) to the main system manager process which is loaded from the actual host
volume. This call takes two arguments: the directory that is to become the new root directory, and the path
to the new system manager binary below it to execute as PID 1. If the latter is omitted or the empty
string, a systemd binary will automatically be searched for and used as init. If the system manager path is
omitted, equal to the empty string or identical to the path to the systemd binary, the state of the
initrd's system manager process is passed to the main system manager, which allows later introspection of
the state of the services involved in the initrd boot phase.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>suspend</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Suspend the system. This will trigger activation of the special target unit
<filename>suspend.target</filename>. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the suspend
operation is successfully enqueued. It will not wait for the suspend/resume cycle to complete.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>hibernate</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Hibernate the system. This will trigger activation of the special target unit
<filename>hibernate.target</filename>. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hibernation
operation is successfully enqueued. It will not wait for the hibernate/thaw cycle to complete.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>hybrid-sleep</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Hibernate and suspend the system. This will trigger activation of the special target unit
<filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hybrid
sleep operation is successfully enqueued. It will not wait for the sleep/wake-up cycle to complete.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>suspend-then-hibernate</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Suspend the system and hibernate it after the delay specified in <filename>systemd-sleep.conf</filename>.
This will trigger activation of the special target unit <filename>suspend-then-hibernate.target</filename>.
This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hybrid sleep operation is successfully enqueued.
It will not wait for the sleep/wake-up or hibernate/thaw cycle to complete.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>Parameter Syntax</title>
<para>Unit commands listed above take either a single unit name (designated as <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>),
or multiple unit specifications (designated as <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…). In the first case, the
unit name with or without a suffix must be given. If the suffix is not specified (unit name is "abbreviated"),
systemctl will append a suitable suffix, <literal>.service</literal> by default, and a type-specific suffix in
case of commands which operate only on specific unit types. For example,
<programlisting># systemctl start sshd</programlisting> and
<programlisting># systemctl start sshd.service</programlisting>
are equivalent, as are
<programlisting># systemctl isolate default</programlisting>
and
<programlisting># systemctl isolate default.target</programlisting>
Note that (absolute) paths to device nodes are automatically converted to device unit names, and other (absolute)
paths to mount unit names.
<programlisting># systemctl status /dev/sda
# systemctl status /home</programlisting>
are equivalent to:
<programlisting># systemctl status dev-sda.device
# systemctl status home.mount</programlisting>
In the second case, shell-style globs will be matched against the primary names of all units currently in memory;
literal unit names, with or without a suffix, will be treated as in the first case. This means that literal unit
names always refer to exactly one unit, but globs may match zero units and this is not considered an
error.</para>
<para>Glob patterns use
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fnmatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
so normal shell-style globbing rules are used, and
<literal>*</literal>, <literal>?</literal>,
<literal>[]</literal> may be used. See
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for more details. The patterns are matched against the primary names of
units currently in memory, and patterns which do not match anything
are silently skipped. For example:
<programlisting># systemctl stop sshd@*.service</programlisting>
will stop all <filename>sshd@.service</filename> instances. Note that alias names of units, and units that aren't
in memory are not considered for glob expansion.
</para>
<para>For unit file commands, the specified <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> should be the name of the unit file
(possibly abbreviated, see above), or the absolute path to the unit file:
<programlisting># systemctl enable foo.service</programlisting>
or
<programlisting># systemctl link /path/to/foo.service</programlisting>
</para>
</refsect2>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Options</title>
<para>The following options are understood:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-t</option></term>
<term><option>--type=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit
types such as <option>service</option> and
<option>socket</option>.
</para>
<para>If one of the arguments is a unit type, when listing
units, limit display to certain unit types. Otherwise, units
of all types will be shown.</para>
<para>As a special case, if one of the arguments is
<option>help</option>, a list of allowed values will be
printed and the program will exit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--state=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit
LOAD, SUB, or ACTIVE states. When listing units, show only
those in the specified states. Use <option>--state=failed</option>
to show only failed units.</para>
<para>As a special case, if one of the arguments is
<option>help</option>, a list of allowed values will be
printed and the program will exit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-p</option></term>
<term><option>--property=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When showing unit/job/manager properties with the
<command>show</command> command, limit display to properties
specified in the argument. The argument should be a
comma-separated list of property names, such as
<literal>MainPID</literal>. Unless specified, all known
properties are shown. If specified more than once, all
properties with the specified names are shown. Shell
completion is implemented for property names.</para>
<para>For the manager itself,
<command>systemctl show</command> will show all available
properties. Those properties are documented in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para>
<para>Properties for units vary by unit type, so showing any
unit (even a non-existent one) is a way to list properties
pertaining to this type. Similarly, showing any job will list
properties pertaining to all jobs. Properties for units are
documented in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
and the pages for individual unit types
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
etc.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-P</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Equivalent to <option>--value</option> <option>--property=</option>, i.e. shows the
value of the property without the property name or <literal>=</literal>. Note that using
<option>-P</option> once will also affect all properties listed with
<option>-p</option>/<option>--property=</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-a</option></term>
<term><option>--all</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When listing units with <command>list-units</command>, also show inactive units and
units which are following other units. When showing unit/job/manager properties, show all
properties regardless whether they are set or not.</para>
<para>To list all units installed in the file system, use the
<command>list-unit-files</command> command instead.</para>
<para>When listing units with <command>list-dependencies</command>, recursively show
dependencies of all dependent units (by default only dependencies of target units are
shown).</para>
<para>When used with <command>status</command>, show journal messages in full, even if they include
unprintable characters or are very long. By default, fields with unprintable characters are
abbreviated as "blob data". (Note that the pager may escape unprintable characters again.)</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-r</option></term>
<term><option>--recursive</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When listing units, also show units of local
containers. Units of local containers will be prefixed with
the container name, separated by a single colon character
(<literal>:</literal>).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--reverse</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show reverse dependencies between units with
<command>list-dependencies</command>, i.e. follow
dependencies of type <varname>WantedBy=</varname>,
<varname>RequiredBy=</varname>,
<varname>PartOf=</varname>, <varname>BoundBy=</varname>,
instead of <varname>Wants=</varname> and similar.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--after</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
units that are ordered before the specified unit. In other
words, recursively list units following the
<varname>After=</varname> dependency.</para>
<para>Note that any <varname>After=</varname> dependency is
automatically mirrored to create a
<varname>Before=</varname> dependency. Temporal dependencies
may be specified explicitly, but are also created implicitly
for units which are <varname>WantedBy=</varname> targets
(see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>),
and as a result of other directives (for example
<varname>RequiresMountsFor=</varname>). Both explicitly
and implicitly introduced dependencies are shown with
<command>list-dependencies</command>.</para>
<para>When passed to the <command>list-jobs</command> command, for each printed job show which other jobs are
waiting for it. May be combined with <option>--before</option> to show both the jobs waiting for each job as
well as all jobs each job is waiting for.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--before</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
units that are ordered after the specified unit. In other
words, recursively list units following the
<varname>Before=</varname> dependency.</para>
<para>When passed to the <command>list-jobs</command> command, for each printed job show which other jobs it
is waiting for. May be combined with <option>--after</option> to show both the jobs waiting for each job as
well as all jobs each job is waiting for.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--with-dependencies</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>status</command>,
<command>cat</command>, <command>list-units</command>, and
<command>list-unit-files</command>, those commands print all
specified units and the dependencies of those units.</para>
<para>Options <option>--reverse</option>,
<option>--after</option>, <option>--before</option>
may be used to change what types of dependencies
are shown.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-l</option></term>
<term><option>--full</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Do not ellipsize unit names, process tree entries,
journal output, or truncate unit descriptions in the output
of <command>status</command>, <command>list-units</command>,
<command>list-jobs</command>, and
<command>list-timers</command>.</para>
<para>Also, show installation targets in the output of
<command>is-enabled</command>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--value</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When printing properties with <command>show</command>, only print the value, and skip the
property name and <literal>=</literal>. Also see option <option>-P</option> above.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--show-types</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When showing sockets, show the type of the socket.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--job-mode=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When queuing a new job, this option controls how to deal with
already queued jobs. It takes one of <literal>fail</literal>,
<literal>replace</literal>,
<literal>replace-irreversibly</literal>,
<literal>isolate</literal>,
<literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>,
<literal>ignore-requirements</literal>,
<literal>flush</literal>, or
<literal>triggering</literal>. Defaults to
<literal>replace</literal>, except when the
<command>isolate</command> command is used which implies the
<literal>isolate</literal> job mode.</para>
<para>If <literal>fail</literal> is specified and a requested
operation conflicts with a pending job (more specifically:
causes an already pending start job to be reversed into a stop
job or vice versa), cause the operation to fail.</para>
<para>If <literal>replace</literal> (the default) is
specified, any conflicting pending job will be replaced, as
necessary.</para>
<para>If <literal>replace-irreversibly</literal> is specified,
operate like <literal>replace</literal>, but also mark the new
jobs as irreversible. This prevents future conflicting
transactions from replacing these jobs (or even being enqueued
while the irreversible jobs are still pending). Irreversible
jobs can still be cancelled using the <command>cancel</command>
command. This job mode should be used on any transaction which
pulls in <filename>shutdown.target</filename>.</para>
<para><literal>isolate</literal> is only valid for start
operations and causes all other units to be stopped when the
specified unit is started. This mode is always used when the
<command>isolate</command> command is used.</para>
<para><literal>flush</literal> will cause all queued jobs to
be canceled when the new job is enqueued.</para>
<para>If <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal> is specified,
then all unit dependencies are ignored for this new job and
the operation is executed immediately. If passed, no required
units of the unit passed will be pulled in, and no ordering
dependencies will be honored. This is mostly a debugging and
rescue tool for the administrator and should not be used by
applications.</para>
<para><literal>ignore-requirements</literal> is similar to
<literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>, but only causes the
requirement dependencies to be ignored, the ordering
dependencies will still be honored.</para>
</listitem>
<para><literal>triggering</literal> may only be used with
<command>systemctl stop</command>. In this mode, the specified
unit and any active units that trigger it are stopped. See the
discussion of
<varname>Triggers=</varname> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for more information about triggering units.</para>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-T</option></term>
<term><option>--show-transaction</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When enqueuing a unit job (for example as effect of a <command>systemctl start</command>
invocation or similar), show brief information about all jobs enqueued, covering both the requested
job and any added because of unit dependencies. Note that the output will only include jobs
immediately part of the transaction requested. It is possible that service start-up program code
run as effect of the enqueued jobs might request further jobs to be pulled in. This means that
completion of the listed jobs might ultimately entail more jobs than the listed ones.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--fail</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shorthand for <option>--job-mode=</option>fail.</para>
<para>When used with the <command>kill</command> command,
if no units were killed, the operation results in an error.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-i</option></term>
<term><option>--ignore-inhibitors</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When system shutdown or a sleep state is requested, ignore inhibitor locks. Applications can establish
inhibitor locks to avoid that certain important operations (such as CD burning or suchlike) are interrupted
by system shutdown or a sleep state. Any user may take these locks and privileged users may override these
locks. If any locks are taken, shutdown and sleep state requests will normally fail (unless privileged) and a
list of active locks is printed. However, if <option>--ignore-inhibitors</option> is specified, the
established locks are ignored and not shown, and the operation attempted anyway, possibly requiring
additional privileges.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--dry-run</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Just print what would be done. Currently supported by verbs
<command>halt</command>, <command>poweroff</command>, <command>reboot</command>,
<command>kexec</command>, <command>suspend</command>, <command>hibernate</command>,
<command>hybrid-sleep</command>, <command>suspend-then-hibernate</command>,
<command>default</command>, <command>rescue</command>,
<command>emergency</command>, and <command>exit</command>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-q</option></term>
<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Suppress printing of the results of various commands
and also the hints about truncated log lines. This does not
suppress output of commands for which the printed output is
the only result (like <command>show</command>). Errors are
always printed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-block</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Do not synchronously wait for the requested operation
to finish. If this is not specified, the job will be
verified, enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will
wait until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this
argument, it is only verified and enqueued. This option may not be
combined with <option>--wait</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--wait</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Synchronously wait for started units to terminate again.
This option may not be combined with <option>--no-block</option>.
Note that this will wait forever if any given unit never terminates
(by itself or by getting stopped explicitly); particularly services
which use <literal>RemainAfterExit=yes</literal>.</para>
<para>When used with <command>is-system-running</command>, wait
until the boot process is completed before returning.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--failed</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>List units in failed state. This is equivalent to
<option>--state=failed</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Do not send wall message before halt, power-off and reboot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--global</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>enable</command> and
<command>disable</command>, operate on the global user
configuration directory, thus enabling or disabling a unit
file globally for all future logins of all users.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-reload</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>enable</command> and
<command>disable</command>, do not implicitly reload daemon
configuration after executing the changes.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>start</command> and related
commands, disables asking for passwords. Background services
may require input of a password or passphrase string, for
example to unlock system hard disks or cryptographic
certificates. Unless this option is specified and the
command is invoked from a terminal,
<command>systemctl</command> will query the user on the
terminal for the necessary secrets. Use this option to
switch this behavior off. In this case, the password must be
supplied by some other means (for example graphical password
agents) or the service might fail. This also disables
querying the user for authentication for privileged
operations.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--kill-who=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>kill</command>, choose which
processes to send a signal to. Must be one of
<option>main</option>, <option>control</option> or
<option>all</option> to select whether to kill only the main
process, the control process or all processes of the
unit. The main process of the unit is the one that defines
the life-time of it. A control process of a unit is one that
is invoked by the manager to induce state changes of it. For
example, all processes started due to the
<varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>,
<varname>ExecStop=</varname> or
<varname>ExecReload=</varname> settings of service units are
control processes. Note that there is only one control
process per unit at a time, as only one state change is
executed at a time. For services of type
<varname>Type=forking</varname>, the initial process started
by the manager for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is a
control process, while the process ultimately forked off by
that one is then considered the main process of the unit (if
it can be determined). This is different for service units
of other types, where the process forked off by the manager
for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is always the main process
itself. A service unit consists of zero or one main process,
zero or one control process plus any number of additional
processes. Not all unit types manage processes of these
types however. For example, for mount units, control processes
are defined (which are the invocations of
<filename>&MOUNT_PATH;</filename> and
<filename>&UMOUNT_PATH;</filename>), but no main process
is defined. If omitted, defaults to
<option>all</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-s</option></term>
<term><option>--signal=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>kill</command>, choose which
signal to send to selected processes. Must be one of the
well-known signal specifiers such as <constant>SIGTERM</constant>, <constant>SIGINT</constant> or
<constant>SIGSTOP</constant>. If omitted, defaults to
<option>SIGTERM</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--what=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Select what type of per-unit resources to remove when the <command>clean</command> command is
invoked, see below. Takes one of <constant>configuration</constant>, <constant>state</constant>,
<constant>cache</constant>, <constant>logs</constant>, <constant>runtime</constant> to select the
type of resource. This option may be specified more than once, in which case all specified resource
types are removed. Also accepts the special value <constant>all</constant> as a shortcut for
specifying all five resource types. If this option is not specified defaults to the combination of
<constant>cache</constant> and <constant>runtime</constant>, i.e. the two kinds of resources that
are generally considered to be redundant and can be reconstructed on next invocation.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-f</option></term>
<term><option>--force</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>enable</command>, overwrite
any existing conflicting symlinks.</para>
<para>When used with <command>edit</command>, create all of the
specified units which do not already exist.</para>
<para>When used with <command>halt</command>, <command>poweroff</command>, <command>reboot</command> or
<command>kexec</command>, execute the selected operation without shutting down all units. However, all
processes will be killed forcibly and all file systems are unmounted or remounted read-only. This is hence a
drastic but relatively safe option to request an immediate reboot. If <option>--force</option> is specified
twice for these operations (with the exception of <command>kexec</command>), they will be executed
immediately, without terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. Warning: specifying
<option>--force</option> twice with any of these operations might result in data loss. Note that when
<option>--force</option> is specified twice the selected operation is executed by
<command>systemctl</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
succeed even when the system manager has crashed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--message=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>halt</command>, <command>poweroff</command> or <command>reboot</command>, set a
short message explaining the reason for the operation. The message will be logged together with the default
shutdown message.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--now</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>enable</command>, the units
will also be started. When used with <command>disable</command> or
<command>mask</command>, the units will also be stopped. The start
or stop operation is only carried out when the respective enable or
disable operation has been successful.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--root=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with
<command>enable</command>/<command>disable</command>/<command>is-enabled</command>
(and related commands), use the specified root path when looking for unit
files. If this option is present, <command>systemctl</command> will operate on
the file system directly, instead of communicating with the <command>systemd</command>
daemon to carry out changes.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--runtime</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>enable</command>,
<command>disable</command>, <command>edit</command>,
(and related commands), make changes only temporarily, so
that they are lost on the next reboot. This will have the
effect that changes are not made in subdirectories of
<filename>/etc/</filename> but in <filename>/run/</filename>,
with identical immediate effects, however, since the latter
is lost on reboot, the changes are lost too.</para>
<para>Similarly, when used with
<command>set-property</command>, make changes only
temporarily, so that they are lost on the next
reboot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--preset-mode=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Takes one of <literal>full</literal> (the default),
<literal>enable-only</literal>,
<literal>disable-only</literal>. When used with the
<command>preset</command> or <command>preset-all</command>
commands, controls whether units shall be disabled and
enabled according to the preset rules, or only enabled, or
only disabled.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-n</option></term>
<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>status</command>, controls the number of journal lines to show, counting from
the most recent ones. Takes a positive integer argument, or 0 to disable journal output. Defaults to
10.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-o</option></term>
<term><option>--output=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>status</command>, controls the
formatting of the journal entries that are shown. For the
available choices, see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
Defaults to <literal>short</literal>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--firmware-setup</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with the <command>reboot</command> command, indicate to the system's firmware to reboot into
the firmware setup interface. Note that this functionality is not available on all systems.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--boot-loader-menu=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with the <command>reboot</command> command, indicate to the system's boot loader to show the
boot loader menu on the following boot. Takes a time value as parameter — indicating the menu timeout. Pass
zero in order to disable the menu timeout. Note that not all boot loaders support this
functionality.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--boot-loader-entry=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with the <command>reboot</command> command, indicate to the system's boot loader to boot into
a specific boot loader entry on the following boot. Takes a boot loader entry identifier as argument, or
<literal>help</literal> in order to list available entries. Note that not all boot loaders support this
functionality.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--reboot-argument=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>This switch is used with <command>reboot</command>. The value is architecture and firmware specific. As an example, <literal>recovery</literal>
might be used to trigger system recovery, and <literal>fota</literal> might be used to trigger a
<quote>firmware over the air</quote> update.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--plain</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>list-dependencies</command>,
<command>list-units</command> or <command>list-machines</command>,
the output is printed as a list instead of a tree, and the bullet
circles are omitted.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--timestamp=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Takes one of <literal>pretty</literal> (the default),
<literal>us</literal>, <literal>µs</literal>, <literal>utc</literal>.
Changes the format of printed timestamps.
<literal>pretty</literal>: <literal>Day YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS TZ</literal>
<literal>us</literal> or <literal>µs</literal>: <literal>Day YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.UUUUUU TZ</literal>
<literal>utc</literal>: <literal>Day YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS UTC</literal></para>
<literal>us+utc</literal> or <literal>µs+utc</literal>: <literal>Day YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.UUUUUU UTC</literal>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Exit status</title>
<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.</para>
<para><command>systemctl</command> uses the return codes defined by LSB, as defined in
<ulink url="http://refspecs.linuxbase.org/LSB_3.0.0/LSB-PDA/LSB-PDA/iniscrptact.html">LSB 3.0.0</ulink>.
</para>
<table>
<title>LSB return codes</title>
<tgroup cols='3'>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Value</entry>
<entry>Description in LSB</entry>
<entry>Use in systemd</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><constant>0</constant></entry>
<entry>"program is running or service is OK"</entry>
<entry>unit is active</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>1</constant></entry>
<entry>"program is dead and <filename>/var/run</filename> pid file exists"</entry>
<entry>unit <emphasis>not</emphasis> failed (used by <command>is-failed</command>)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>2</constant></entry>
<entry>"program is dead and <filename>/var/lock</filename> lock file exists"</entry>
<entry>unused</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>3</constant></entry>
<entry>"program is not running"</entry>
<entry>unit is not active</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>4</constant></entry>
<entry>"program or service status is unknown"</entry>
<entry>no such unit</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>The mapping of LSB service states to systemd unit states is imperfect, so it is better to
not rely on those return values but to look for specific unit states and substates instead.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Environment</title>
<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR</varname></term>
<listitem><para>Editor to use when editing units; overrides
<varname>$EDITOR</varname> and <varname>$VISUAL</varname>. If neither
<varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR</varname> nor <varname>$EDITOR</varname> nor
<varname>$VISUAL</varname> are present or if it is set to an empty
string or if their execution failed, systemctl will try to execute well
known editors in this order:
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>editor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>nano</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="pager"/>
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="less"/>
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="lesscharset"/>
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="lesssecure"/>
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="colors"/>
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="urlify"/>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
|